PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IPOMOEA INDICA PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS

Objective: The objective of this study was to phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the Ipomoea indica plant leaves extracts.Methods: The crude powder of the plant leaf samples of I. indica was extracted using methanol and aqueous solvents and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts was tested at different for concentrations. The extract was tested against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycoside, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in the solvent extract. The antibacterial activity was performed by using the disc diffusion method, where the largest zone of inhibition was obtained with aqueous extract 75µ concentration against Salmonella typhi (26 mm). The antibacterial activity was compared with the standard antibiotics like Streptomycin.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous extract of the I. indica leaves possesses bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains, which can be used to formulate new antibacterial drugs for disease control.

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Investigation of the Phyto-constituents and the Antibacterial Activity of Burkea africana against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review ◽

10.9734/ijbcrr/2021/v30i430262 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

S. Zengeni ◽

J. Chifamba ◽

I. Mutingwende ◽

T. Manyarara

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

E Coli

Bacterial skin infections are common in the tropics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has complicated treatment outcomes especially in immune compromised patients. This study focused on determining the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant, Burkea Africana, which has been used for decades to treat various ailments in Southern Africa. Phyto-constituent determination and antibacterial assay was carried out on the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Burkea Africana. The Agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of both extracts. Activity was measured against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis using ciprofloxacin as the standard. For both extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract however revealed more phyto-constituents including flavonoids and alkaloids. For both extracts antibacterial activity was comparable to the standard. The highest zone of inhibition recorded for the water extract was 22±0.4 mm at 500 mg/ml for E. coli while the standard, Ciprofloxacin had a zone of inhibition of 25±0.33 mm. The ethanolic extract showed higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. The zone of inhibition for the 70% ethanolic extract was 25.4±0.50 mm and that of the standard was 27±0.48 mm. Antibacterial activity was generally higher in the ethanolic extract than the water extract. It is therefore concluded that B. africana exhibits antibacterial activity.

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ANTIBACTERIAL CAPACITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY GCMS OF ALLIUM CEPA

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i2.23698 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dushyant Sharma ◽

Reena Rani ◽

Monika Chaturvedi ◽

J. P. Yadav

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Dodecanoic Acid ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition

Objective: Plants offer a novel source for the isolation of a wide variety of medicinal agents. Allium cepa commonly known as onion is very well known medicinal plants and we investigated the antibacterial activity of different extracts and their phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: The extracts of A. cepa prepared in six different solvents was analyzed for antibacterial activity against nine American type cell culture (ATCC) reference bacterial strains i.e. Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the agar well diffusion method. GCMS analysis also has been carried out for their phytochemical analysis.Results: The results obtained from agar well diffusion assay showed the zone of inhibition range from 10±0.76 to 26±0.76 mm for different extracts. The methanol extract was found most potent against K. pneumonia and S. marcescens with the zone of inhibition of 26±0.76 mm for both strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range of 1.87 to 7.5 mg/ml and the MIC values for K. pneumonia and S. marcescens was 1.87 mg/ml. A total of 43 compounds were identified by GCMS analysis. Out of them dodecanoic acid was found common in all extracts.Conclusion: It is concluded that Allium cepa have good antibacterial activity so it can be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

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Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of different fractions of root part of Ipomea Turpethum

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v17i1.35288 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 93-97

Author(s):

Tehmina Sohail ◽

Sadia Ferheen ◽

Hina Imran ◽

Zahra Yaqeen ◽

Atiq Ur Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Medical Science ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Antibacterial Screening

Objective: In folk medicines, different herbs and plants have been used for many thousands of years .Now it is important to investigate these plants and herbs scientifically which have been used in traditional medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of root of Ipomea turpethum extracted in methanol and its fractions.Methods: The methanol extract was further extracted with three solvents ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane and analyzed for their antibacterial activity using by agar well diffusion method. They were tested against six bacteria; Echrichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas auroginosa and Salmonella typhi. The susceptibility of microorganisms to all three fractions was compared with each other and with standard antibotic (Ampicillin). The fractions of Ipomea turpethum was also qualitatively analyzed for the presence of chemical components, i.e. saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides.Result: Among all fractions methanol exhibited highest antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 23.53mm ± 1.3) while ethyl acetate exhibited least antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 18.50mm ± 3.5). Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions was found in the range of 650ug/ml to 2500ugl/ml against microorganisms.Conclusion: Results obtained from this preliminary in-vitro experiment indicate that, all three fractions of Ipomea turpethum has good antibacterial activity against all microorganisms used. By phytochemical analysis of extract, it has been found to contain some nutrient and chemical components which support its ethenomedicinal use but further work is required for development of new antibiotic compounds.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.93-97

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA TORA (L.) ROXB

International journal of multidisciplinary advanced scientific research and innovation ◽

10.53633/ijmasri.2021.1.10.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. 273-282

Author(s):

Subramanian Manimaran ◽

Kadirvelmurugan Venkatachalam ◽

Gandhimaniyan Krishnan ◽

Ambedkar Govindasamy ◽

Vijayakumar Sakthivel

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts

Plants have always been an important source of medicines since ancient times and seventy percent of the worldwide population still relies on one or other forms of traditional plant based medicine. Plant items have been essential for phytomedicines since days of yore. These can be derived from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. The present exploration has been conducted in the leaf of Senna tora performing various phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites present in it such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The maximum phenolic content was presented in methanol solvents 1.41 ± 0.44 and lowest content was presented in petroleum ether extract 0.17 ± 0.21. Antibacterial activity were estimated and evaluated by using different types of extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus thuriengensis and Staphylococcus. Among these the maximum antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition 19.0 mm) shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae in the extract of Petroleum ether. The minimum antibacterial activity observed (Zone of inhibition 11.0 mm) against Staphylococcus ceureus in extract of Ethanol extract of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Keywords: Senna tora (L.), phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, bacterial strains

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Antibacterial activity, metabolites and elemental analysis of Saussurea candicans C. B. Clarke

Current Botany ◽

10.19071/cb.2017.v8.3153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Shweta Puri ◽

M.C. Sidhu ◽

Avantika Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Medicinal Activity

Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and water extracts of Saussurea candicans has indicated the presence of flavonoides, phenolics, tannins etc. that supports its use in traditional medicine both for human and animals in different parts of the world. S. candicans is a plant of medicinal interest hence selected for analysis. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Only the ethanol extract was found to be effective. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared and studied for different phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoides, phenolics, steroids etc. and also for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectroscopy of whole plant powder were done to study the functional groups and elemental profile, respectively. The aqueous extract contains more (11) phytochemicals as compared to ethanol (9). No zone of inhibition was observed at different volumes of the extract i. e., 20μl, 50μl and 100μl but at 150μl and 200μl concentration of 230.7 mg/ml plant extracts, the zone of inhibition was reported. The dose of 150μl concentration active only against E. faecalis, whereas, 200μl concentration showed activity against all bacterial strains. Only the ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The medicinal activity of S. candicans is assumed to be because of the presence of different phytochemicals and elements. Further study can be conducted to understand the role of each and every reported phytochemicals and elements.

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Study on antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera

10.7287/peerj.preprints.430 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Muzammal

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Mic Value

Comparative study of plant extracts crude and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic with antibiotics, provide evidence that calotropis procera extracts has the similar antibacterial activity as these antibiotics against test pathogens i.e. Salmonella typhi and E.coli. The analysis of antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves and flower of Calotropis procera was carried out in disc method and also determined MIC value at 600nm through optical density using spectrophotometer. The zone of inhibition produced by extracts was examined and compares it with zone produced by antibiotics. The effect exhibited by ethanolic extract of leaves and flower was significantly greater than the aqueous and methanolic extract of leaves and flower. Crude extracts i.e. latex, leaves, fruit and flower crude extracts. Among them, flower crude extracts shows similar zone of inhibition to test anitibiotics.while in MIC value, we made different concentration of extracts and antibiotics.i.e for crude we made 25%, 50%.75% and 100% concentration of crude juice and for the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic we made 0.5mg/mL,1mg/mL,2mg/mL,3mg/mL,4mg/mL, 5mg/mL and 6mg/mL in Dimethyl salfoxide, and same antibiotics concentration. Aqueous leaves extracts show MIC at 0.5mg/ml against E.coli while against Salmonella it shows MIC at 1mg/ml... We also determine phytochemical analysis for presences of different compounds in crude extracts. The obtained results provide a support for the use of Calotropis procera, in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Of Asparagus Racemosus Willd. and Asparagus Curillus Buch.-Ham. Ex Roxb

Journal of Natural History Museum ◽

10.3126/jnhm.v29i0.19041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 91-102

Author(s):

Rose Shrestha ◽

Astha Shakya ◽

Krishna Kumar Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Asparagus Racemosus ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Different Strains

Asparagus racemosus Willd. is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal and India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Asparagus curillus Buch-Ham.ex Roxb. is also one of the species found in higher altitude of Nepal. Its roots are used as substitute for A. racemosus. Phytochemical investigation was done for these two species of Nepalese Asparagus as per Methodology for Analysis of Vegetable Drugs by I. Ciulei.1982. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of coumarin, flavonoid, catecholic tannin, reducing compound in alcoholic extract of A. racemosus while its aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid, reducing compound, polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin, catecholic tannin, etc. Similarly, alcoholic extract of A. curillus revealed catecholic tannin, reducing compound and aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin as main phytochemical compounds. Comparative antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of these two species has been evaluated using Kirby-Bauer Agar well diffusion method. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity on nine different strains of human pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalies, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Among them A. racemosus has shown selected antimicrobial effects against B. subtilis, E. coli, E. faecalis, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans with zone of inhibition of 25 mm in an average. While A. curillus showed effects on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans only with zone of inhibition about12 mm.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 91-102

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Biological and chemical assessment of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (mart.) Solms.) of Phewa Lake, Nepal

Scientific World ◽

10.3126/sw.v9i9.5520 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 57-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bikash Baral ◽

Geeta Shrestha Vaidya

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Test Plant ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aquatic Weed

Experiments relating to bioassay, phytochemical screening and bio-control of obnoxious aquatic weed i.e., water hyacinth were conducted in Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) laboratory. Bioassay was performed from the methanolic and aqueous extracts obtained by hot and cold percolation method that. The antibacterial and antifungal effects were performed against 11 clinical bacteria (2 gram positive and 9 gram negative) and 7 phytopathogenic fungi using agar well diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with different extracts and the micro-organism tested. The soxhlet methanolic extract showed activity against 54.45% of bacteria and 57.14% fungi while cold methanolic extract showed activity against 45.45 % bacteria and 42.85% fungi employed. Similarly, hot aqueous extract showed activity against 18.18% bacteria and 42.85% fungi while in cold aqueous extraction, the activity was null and 57.14% against bacteria and fungi respectively. The methanolic fraction proved more effective than cold aqueous extract showing more antibacterial activity while cold aqueous extract showed comparably better result in different fungi employed. The most susceptible organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium moniliforme. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing compounds, polyoses and saponins. The GC-MS analysis shows the presence of Phenols and Carotenoids as the bio-active compounds in the test plant. In regards to bio-control, the propagation of this weed was found to be totally checked within 21 days after the application of aqueous lechate of Lantana camara (1-3%), while that was checked within a month by the supplementation of young twigs powder of Ageratina adenophorum (7%). Key-words: Antimicrobial activity; Plant extract; ZOI; Phytochemicals; Biocontrol; GC-MS. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5520 SW 2011; 9(9): 57-62

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Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Ethanolic Seed Extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple)

Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences ◽

10.13005/ojps01.0102.02 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1-2) ◽

pp. 05-09 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel L. Oputah ◽

Kolawole O. Ajanaku ◽

Raphael C. Mordi ◽

Joseph A. O. Olugbuyiro ◽

Shade J. Olorunshola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Seed Extracts ◽

African Star Apple

Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract of the seeds of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) were investigated. The phytochemical result revealed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, fatty acids and terpenoids. The antibacterial activity was studied using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations against six pathogenic bacterial strains, three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus varians and Bacillus cereus) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). Significant inhibitory activities were exhibited by the ethanolic seed extracts for all test organisms except Bacillus cereus. Zone of inhibition of the crude ethanolic extract was correlated with that of a standard antibiotic Gentamicin, for antibacterial activity. The results indicated a notable inhibition of the bacterial growth.

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ANTI BACTERIAL AND BIOFILM INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF AEGLE MARMELOS METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (09) ◽

pp. 165-173

Author(s):

Gujjari Sreehitha Pratap ◽

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aegle Marmelos ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

Elisa Plate

The Aegle marmelos commonly known as BAEL belongs to family Rutaceae plays a role in traditional culture and medication from ancient periods. This plant lacks sufficient evidences regarding the values and components it has. Therefore, we framed out our studies to evaluate the phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, antibiofilm activity. These studies are evaluated using different solvents like methanol, acetone, chloroform, toluene leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos. We evaluated the potency of different solvents leaf extracts using Agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was also evaluated using ELISA plate assay. The potency of different solvents extracts to inhibit biofilm of selected microbial strains. In accordance to results, the leaf extracts revealed the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals with highest quantities of carbohydrates, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, aminoacids etc. The antibacterial activity was found significant against microbial strains of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. These strains showed susceptibility nature towards the different solvents extracts with zone of inhibitions (mm). On the other hand, the inhibition of biofilm was also significant at all tested concentrations. The biofilm inhibition of microbial strains was found significant at 1 XMIC, 2 XMIC, 3 XMIC. Based on our studies here we conclude that the different solvents leaf extracts possessed inhibitory activity against selected human pathogenic organisms.

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