ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA TORA (L.) ROXB

Plants have always been an important source of medicines since ancient times and seventy percent of the worldwide population still relies on one or other forms of traditional plant based medicine. Plant items have been essential for phytomedicines since days of yore. These can be derived from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. The present exploration has been conducted in the leaf of Senna tora performing various phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites present in it such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The maximum phenolic content was presented in methanol solvents 1.41 ± 0.44 and lowest content was presented in petroleum ether extract 0.17 ± 0.21. Antibacterial activity were estimated and evaluated by using different types of extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus thuriengensis and Staphylococcus. Among these the maximum antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition 19.0 mm) shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae in the extract of Petroleum ether. The minimum antibacterial activity observed (Zone of inhibition 11.0 mm) against Staphylococcus ceureus in extract of Ethanol extract of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Keywords: Senna tora (L.), phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, bacterial strains

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Investigation of the Phyto-constituents and the Antibacterial Activity of Burkea africana against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review ◽

10.9734/ijbcrr/2021/v30i430262 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

S. Zengeni ◽

J. Chifamba ◽

I. Mutingwende ◽

T. Manyarara

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

E Coli

Bacterial skin infections are common in the tropics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has complicated treatment outcomes especially in immune compromised patients. This study focused on determining the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant, Burkea Africana, which has been used for decades to treat various ailments in Southern Africa. Phyto-constituent determination and antibacterial assay was carried out on the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Burkea Africana. The Agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of both extracts. Activity was measured against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis using ciprofloxacin as the standard. For both extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract however revealed more phyto-constituents including flavonoids and alkaloids. For both extracts antibacterial activity was comparable to the standard. The highest zone of inhibition recorded for the water extract was 22±0.4 mm at 500 mg/ml for E. coli while the standard, Ciprofloxacin had a zone of inhibition of 25±0.33 mm. The ethanolic extract showed higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. The zone of inhibition for the 70% ethanolic extract was 25.4±0.50 mm and that of the standard was 27±0.48 mm. Antibacterial activity was generally higher in the ethanolic extract than the water extract. It is therefore concluded that B. africana exhibits antibacterial activity.

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Antibacterial activity, metabolites and elemental analysis of Saussurea candicans C. B. Clarke

Current Botany ◽

10.19071/cb.2017.v8.3153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Shweta Puri ◽

M.C. Sidhu ◽

Avantika Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Medicinal Activity

Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and water extracts of Saussurea candicans has indicated the presence of flavonoides, phenolics, tannins etc. that supports its use in traditional medicine both for human and animals in different parts of the world. S. candicans is a plant of medicinal interest hence selected for analysis. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Only the ethanol extract was found to be effective. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared and studied for different phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoides, phenolics, steroids etc. and also for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectroscopy of whole plant powder were done to study the functional groups and elemental profile, respectively. The aqueous extract contains more (11) phytochemicals as compared to ethanol (9). No zone of inhibition was observed at different volumes of the extract i. e., 20μl, 50μl and 100μl but at 150μl and 200μl concentration of 230.7 mg/ml plant extracts, the zone of inhibition was reported. The dose of 150μl concentration active only against E. faecalis, whereas, 200μl concentration showed activity against all bacterial strains. Only the ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The medicinal activity of S. candicans is assumed to be because of the presence of different phytochemicals and elements. Further study can be conducted to understand the role of each and every reported phytochemicals and elements.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IPOMOEA INDICA PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i2.25879 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Seenu Yuvarani ◽

Selvam .

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Plant Leaf

Objective: The objective of this study was to phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the Ipomoea indica plant leaves extracts.Methods: The crude powder of the plant leaf samples of I. indica was extracted using methanol and aqueous solvents and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts was tested at different for concentrations. The extract was tested against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycoside, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in the solvent extract. The antibacterial activity was performed by using the disc diffusion method, where the largest zone of inhibition was obtained with aqueous extract 75µ concentration against Salmonella typhi (26 mm). The antibacterial activity was compared with the standard antibiotics like Streptomycin.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous extract of the I. indica leaves possesses bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains, which can be used to formulate new antibacterial drugs for disease control.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS (L) AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.53.06.11760 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (06) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

R Tripathi ◽

◽

S Jain ◽

N. D., Herenz ◽

S Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Ether ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antibacterial Studies

The aim of the present study was to investigate phytochemical and antibacterial potential of Calendula officinals L. and Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don leaves. The leaves of both plants were screened for physico-chemical analysis. Phytochemical screening was carried out to find phytoconstituents and subsequent antibacterial studies of extracts were carried out against the pathogenic bacterial strains Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi using Kirby bauer method. The extract with maximum antibacterial activity was further processed for TLC studies. The results of the present investigation revealed superiority of C. roseus over C. officinalis in terms of ash value. Both plants showed the presence of alkaloids, saponnins, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The antibacterial studies revealed that the petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis has been active against all strains, whereas the same extract of C. roseus showed activity against S. typhi, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Chloroform extract of C. officinalis was active against only two strains i.e. E. coli and B. subtilis. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of both plants were also found to be active against all strains. Studies of TLC analysis revealed that petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis and methanolic extract of C. roseus showed distinct RF values. Further studies are required to separate characterize and screen these components for therapeutic purposes.

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ANTIBACTERIAL CAPACITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY GCMS OF ALLIUM CEPA

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i2.23698 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dushyant Sharma ◽

Reena Rani ◽

Monika Chaturvedi ◽

J. P. Yadav

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Dodecanoic Acid ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition

Objective: Plants offer a novel source for the isolation of a wide variety of medicinal agents. Allium cepa commonly known as onion is very well known medicinal plants and we investigated the antibacterial activity of different extracts and their phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: The extracts of A. cepa prepared in six different solvents was analyzed for antibacterial activity against nine American type cell culture (ATCC) reference bacterial strains i.e. Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the agar well diffusion method. GCMS analysis also has been carried out for their phytochemical analysis.Results: The results obtained from agar well diffusion assay showed the zone of inhibition range from 10±0.76 to 26±0.76 mm for different extracts. The methanol extract was found most potent against K. pneumonia and S. marcescens with the zone of inhibition of 26±0.76 mm for both strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range of 1.87 to 7.5 mg/ml and the MIC values for K. pneumonia and S. marcescens was 1.87 mg/ml. A total of 43 compounds were identified by GCMS analysis. Out of them dodecanoic acid was found common in all extracts.Conclusion: It is concluded that Allium cepa have good antibacterial activity so it can be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

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Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity ofDigera Muricata(L.) Mart.

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2010/509254 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 275-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pratima Mathad ◽

Sundar S. Mety

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Zone Of Inhibition

The successive Soxhlet extract ofDigera muricata(L.) Mart. (Amaranthaceae) were extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water in ascending order of the polarity. These extracts were subjected to screening of preliminary phytochemicals tests. The results indicate the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenes and saponins. These extracts further subjected to the antimicrobial activity. Among the bacteria used, the petroleum ether extract gave highest zone of inhibition at 400 µg/well againstV. cholerae.Similarly, in fungi the ethanol extract exhibited highest zone of inhibition at 400 µg/well againstCandida albicans.

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Phytochemical screening and evaluation of Berginia ligulata root extract for antimicrobial activity

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2013.14317 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 101-104

Author(s):

Rishi Kumar Shukla

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Diethyl Ether ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Root Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Bacterial Strains

Berginia ligulata popularly known as paashaanbhed belongs to family Saxifragaceae. The present study was designed to screen out various phytoconstituents present in the roots of Berginia ligulata and further its antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. For this roots of the plant were shade dried, powdered and extracted using different solvents in increasing order of polarity i.e. petroleum ether, diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol and methanol respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids, glycosides and carbohydrates. The presence of these bioactive constituents is associated with the antimicrobial activity of the plant. Antimicrobial activity of extracts was performed by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 100% and 50% (w/v) against five bacterial strains. The maximum antimicrobial activity was found in ethanol extract followed by acetone, methanol, diethyl ether and least in petroleum ether extract respectively. Ethanol extract revealed broad spectrum of inhibition against S. sureus and P. aeruginosa.

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Evaluation of the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of the fruits of Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae)

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v20i9.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1925-1930

Author(s):

Sheryar Afzal ◽

Appala V. Raju ◽

Chandramathi Samudi Raju ◽

Genevieve Chong ◽

Zhen Wuii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Ether ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Dried Fruit ◽

Hct 116

Purpose: To evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae) against six bacterial strains and on two different colorectal cancer cell lines, respectively.Methods: The dried fruit of the plant was extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus successively with petroleum ether and ethanol, and concentrated in a rotary evaporator to obtain petroleum ether and ethanol extract, respectively. Phytochemical screening was done on the two extracts. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogene, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris were evaluated using agar well diffusiontechnique while the anticancer effect of the ethanol extract was assessed on HCT-116 and primary colon epithelial (PCE) cell lines by MTT assay.Results: The results indicate that the petroleum ether extract of Synsepalum dulcificum fruits exerted stronger antimicrobial activity than the ethanol extract. The ethanol extract also showed significant anticancer activity (p < 0.05). The calculated half-maximal concentration (IC50) of the extract on HCT- 116 cells at 24, 48, and 72 h are 14.99, 8.97, and 8.54 μg/mL, respectively, while the IC50 of the extract on PCE cell lines at 24, 48, and 72 h are 236.25, 206.09, and 196.72 μg/mL, respectively. The extract was more toxic to cancer cells than to normal cells.Conclusion: The results of this study lend some justification for the use of the fruits of Synsepalum dulcificum as an antibacterial and anticancer agent.

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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TO EVALUATE THE ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC and PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACT OF JASMINE ROOT (NYCTANTHES ARBOUR-TRISTIS). (FAMILY-NYCTAGINACEAE)

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i4.28462 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Abdul Samim ◽

Sumit Das

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To estimate the anti-microbial activity of hydro-alcoholic (methanol) and petroleum ether extract of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (family-Nyctaginaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical screening.Methods: The hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the whole root part of the plant Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (family-Nyctaginaceae) was prepared and studied for phytochemical constituents by using various standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of plant extract was performed on two bacterial strains and one fungal strain using disc diffusion method.Results: The present study shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the root of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannin, phenol, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins respectively. The anti-microbial activity of the plant extract showed significant results against all three of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that the hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the root of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (night flowering jasmine) contains the highly presence of Phytochemical constituents. The hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.

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STUDIES ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ROSA INDICA L.

International journal of multidisciplinary advanced scientific research and innovation ◽

10.53633/ijmasri.2021.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 60-69

Author(s):

Gandhi maniyan ◽

Ranjith C

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Vibrio Cholera ◽

Gram Negative

Medicinal plants are extensively used in traditional medicine to cure various infectious diseases in human. Plant based natural constituents can be derived from any part of the plant like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. Medicinal plants are commonly used in the cure of diseases since times immemorial. In the present study methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Rosa indica L. leaf were subjected for antimicrobial activity by well-diffusion method in the case of evaluate the antibacterial activity of Petroleum ether extract of Rosa indica L.extract against gram-positive cultures include B. cereus, B. subtilis. Gram-negative cultures include Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumonia. The maximum antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (Zone of inhibition in mm 14.2), B. subtilis (zone of inhibition 13.1) and athanolic the lowest activity against Vibrio cholera (Zone of inhibition 12.6), Klebsiella pneumonia (Zone of inhibition 12.3). The gram positive bacteria more susceptible than the gram negative bacteria. The phytochemical characteristics of Rosa indica L. plants tested were summarized in the, it could be seen that, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosids, Flavonoids, Saponins (Foam test) Amino acids , Terpenoids, Phenols and Tannins were present in Rose indica plant extract.

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