scholarly journals Antibacterial activity, metabolites and elemental analysis of Saussurea candicans C. B. Clarke

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Puri ◽  
M.C. Sidhu ◽  
Avantika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Medicinal Activity

<p class="Default"><span>Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and water extracts of <em>Saussurea</em> <em>candicans</em> has indicated the presence of flavonoides, phenolics, tannins <em>etc.</em> that supports its use in traditional medicine both for human and animals in different parts of the world. <em>S. candicans</em> is a plant of medicinal interest hence selected for analysis. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was tested against <span class="A5"><em><span>Enterococcus faecalis,</span></em></span><span class="A5"><span> <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and<em> Staphylococcus aureus. </em></span></span>Only the ethanol extract was found to be effective. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared and studied for different phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoides, phenolics, steroids <em>etc.</em> and also for their antibacterial activity <span class="A5"><span>using agar well diffusion method. </span></span><span class="A5"><span>The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and </span></span>Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectroscopy <span class="A5"><span>of whole plant powder were done to study the functional groups and elemental profile, respectively. The aqueous extract contains more (11) phytochemicals as compared to ethanol (9). No zone of inhibition was observed at d</span></span>ifferent volumes of the extract <em>i. e.,</em> <span class="A5"><span>20μl, 50μl and 100μl but at 150μl and 200μl concentration of 230.7 mg/ml plant extracts, the zone of inhibition was reported. The dose of 150μl concentration active only against <em>E. faecalis</em>, whereas, 200μl concentration showed activity against all bacterial strains. Only the ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The medicinal activity of <em>S. candicans</em> is assumed to be because of the presence of</span></span> different phytochemicals and elements. Further study can be conducted to understand the role of each and every reported phytochemicals and elements. </span></p>

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL CAPACITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY GCMS OF ALLIUM CEPA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dushyant Sharma ◽  
Reena Rani ◽  
Monika Chaturvedi ◽  
J. P. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Objective: Plants offer a novel source for the isolation of a wide variety of medicinal agents. Allium cepa commonly known as onion is very well known medicinal plants and we investigated the antibacterial activity of different extracts and their phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: The extracts of A. cepa prepared in six different solvents was analyzed for antibacterial activity against nine American type cell culture (ATCC) reference bacterial strains i.e. Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the agar well diffusion method. GCMS analysis also has been carried out for their phytochemical analysis.Results: The results obtained from agar well diffusion assay showed the zone of inhibition range from 10±0.76 to 26±0.76 mm for different extracts. The methanol extract was found most potent against K. pneumonia and S. marcescens with the zone of inhibition of 26±0.76 mm for both strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range of 1.87 to 7.5 mg/ml and the MIC values for K. pneumonia and S. marcescens was 1.87 mg/ml. A total of 43 compounds were identified by GCMS analysis. Out of them dodecanoic acid was found common in all extracts.Conclusion: It is concluded that Allium cepa have good antibacterial activity so it can be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA TORA (L.) ROXB

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Subramanian Manimaran ◽  
Kadirvelmurugan Venkatachalam ◽  
Gandhimaniyan Krishnan ◽  
Ambedkar Govindasamy ◽  
Vijayakumar Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plants have always been an important source of medicines since ancient times and seventy percent of the worldwide population still relies on one or other forms of traditional plant based medicine. Plant items have been essential for phytomedicines since days of yore. These can be derived from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. The present exploration has been conducted in the leaf of Senna tora performing various phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites present in it such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The maximum phenolic content was presented in methanol solvents 1.41 ± 0.44 and lowest content was presented in petroleum ether extract 0.17 ± 0.21. Antibacterial activity were estimated and evaluated by using different types of extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus thuriengensis and Staphylococcus. Among these the maximum antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition 19.0 mm) shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae in the extract of Petroleum ether. The minimum antibacterial activity observed (Zone of inhibition 11.0 mm) against Staphylococcus ceureus in extract of Ethanol extract of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Keywords: Senna tora (L.), phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, bacterial strains

scholarly journals Investigation of the Phyto-constituents and the Antibacterial Activity of Burkea africana against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
S. Zengeni ◽  
J. Chifamba ◽  
I. Mutingwende ◽  
T. Manyarara
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli

Bacterial skin infections are common in the tropics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has complicated treatment outcomes especially in immune compromised patients. This study focused on determining the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant, Burkea Africana, which has been used for decades to treat various ailments in Southern Africa. Phyto-constituent determination and antibacterial assay was carried out on the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Burkea Africana. The Agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of both extracts. Activity was measured against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis using ciprofloxacin as the standard. For both extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract however revealed more phyto-constituents including flavonoids and alkaloids. For both extracts antibacterial activity was comparable to the standard. The highest zone of inhibition recorded for the water extract was 22±0.4 mm at 500 mg/ml for E. coli while the standard, Ciprofloxacin had a zone of inhibition of 25±0.33 mm. The ethanolic extract showed higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. The zone of inhibition for the 70% ethanolic extract was 25.4±0.50 mm and that of the standard was 27±0.48 mm. Antibacterial activity was generally higher in the ethanolic extract than the water extract. It is therefore concluded that B. africana exhibits antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IPOMOEA INDICA PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Seenu Yuvarani ◽  
Selvam .
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Leaf

Objective: The objective of this study was to phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the Ipomoea indica plant leaves extracts.Methods: The crude powder of the plant leaf samples of I. indica was extracted using methanol and aqueous solvents and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts was tested at different for concentrations. The extract was tested against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycoside, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in the solvent extract. The antibacterial activity was performed by using the disc diffusion method, where the largest zone of inhibition was obtained with aqueous extract 75µ concentration against Salmonella typhi (26 mm). The antibacterial activity was compared with the standard antibiotics like Streptomycin.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous extract of the I. indica leaves possesses bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains, which can be used to formulate new antibacterial drugs for disease control.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Ethanolic Seed Extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 05-09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Oputah ◽  
Kolawole O. Ajanaku ◽  
Raphael C. Mordi ◽  
Joseph A. O. Olugbuyiro ◽  
Shade J. Olorunshola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Seed Extracts ◽  
African Star Apple

Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract of the seeds of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) were investigated. The phytochemical result revealed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, fatty acids and terpenoids. The antibacterial activity was studied using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations against six pathogenic bacterial strains, three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus varians and Bacillus cereus) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). Significant inhibitory activities were exhibited by the ethanolic seed extracts for all test organisms except Bacillus cereus. Zone of inhibition of the crude ethanolic extract was correlated with that of a standard antibiotic Gentamicin, for antibacterial activity. The results indicated a notable inhibition of the bacterial growth.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL CRUDE EXTRACTS OF WHOLE PLANT OF THE UGANDAN PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS SCHUMACH. & THONN AGAINST SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Magimbi Arthur ◽  
Adamu Almustapha Aliero ◽  
John Odda
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant

Apart from being used for the treatment of malaria fevers, mono-herbal preparation of Ugandan Phyllanthus amarus is widely by local communities in central Uganda, for treatment of bacterial dysentery.  However, efficacy studies regarding the mono-herbal extracts of the Ugandan Phyllanthus amarus against Shigella dysenteriae is lacking. The present study was aimed at determined the antibacterial activity of aqueous ethanol crude extracts of whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus against Shigella dysenteriae. Whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus was collected from Wakiso district central of Uganda. Different concentrations (128µg/ml, 256µg/mL-1 and 512µg/ mL-1) of the ethanol crude extract of whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus were tested against Shigella dysenteriae using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth tube dilution method while Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by culture method. The results of this study showed that, Shigella dysenteriae was sensitive to different concentrations (128µg/ mL-1, 256µg/ mL-1and 512µg/ mL-1) of ethanol crude extract of whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus possessed antibacterial against Shigella dysenteriae with mean and standard error mean zone of inhibition ranging from 11.5±0.5 to 13.5±0.5mm, while the positive control had mean and standard error mean zone of inhibition 24.5±0.5mm. The MIC and MBC of the ethanol crude extract of whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus against Shigella dysenteriae was found to be 32µg/ml and 64µg/ml respectively. This study found that the whole plant of phyllanthus amarus of ethanol crude extract was active against Shigella dysenterie.  Further study should be carried out test whole plant Phyllanthus amarus crude extract on different microorganisms that cause dysentery to find out its activity against them and spectrum, determine lead compound in the whole plant Phyllanthus amarus crude extract responsible for the anti-microbial activity against Shigella dysenteriae and also determine the mechanism of action by which this plant crude extract inhibits Shigella dysenteriae.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula leaf gall extracts against some human pathogenic strains

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
BE Ravi Shankara ◽  
YL Ramachandra ◽  
S Sundara Rajan ◽  
J Preetham ◽  
PS Sujan Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
South Indian

The leaf galls of Terminalia chebula is used widely as Karkatasringi in south Indian markets. Karkatashringi is an important crude drug employed in various indigenous systems of medicine against several diseases and the drug has diverse medicinal properties. The present study was carried out to understand the antimicrobial activity of various extracts. The antibacterial activity of T. chebula (leaf gall) was evaluated against ten bacterial strains including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar-well diffusion method. Among the two extracts tested, the ethanol extract presented the best results against all the bacteria while aqueous extract showed moderate inhibition of the microbial growth. Each extract is unique against different microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to both extract among the tested organisms, whereas Serratia marcescens and Proteus mirabilis were less susceptible for ethanol and aqueous extract respectively. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11254 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(8): 217-220 

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Juice and Peel Extract of Citrus Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Shakya ◽  
Bhawana Luitel ◽  
Pragati Kumari ◽  
Ritu Devkota ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Peel Extract

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of peel and juice extracts of citrus fruits. Methods: The antibacterial activity of juice and peel extract of five selected citrus fruits [C1- Citrus reticulata (mandarin orange), C2- Citrus limetta (sweet lime), C3- Citrus aurantifolia (lime), C4- Citrus limon (lemon) and C5- Citrus maxima (pommelo)] on three Gram positive and five Gram negative bacterial strains were examined. The juice and peel extract of citrus fruits was obtained by using absolute ethanol. The obtained extracts were dissolved in 1ml 10% v/v DMSO which was taken to carry out the antibacterial susceptibility assay using agar well diffusion method. Results: The peel extracts of C1 and C2 were found to be more effective against the given Gram-positive bacteria than the juice extracts with maximum zone of inhibition (20.33±1.527) and (15.33±0.577) against Bacillus spp respectively. While the juice extracts of C3 and C4 were more effective against both Gram positive and negative bacteria than their peel extracts with maximum zone of inhibition (26.66±1.15) against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and (20±1) against E. coli ATCC 25922 respectively. The juice extract of C5 was found to be more effective against both Gram positive and negative bacteria than its peel extract with maximum zone of inhibition (18.66±1.154) against E. coli ATCC 25922 except for Bacillus spp in which peel extract showed maximum zone of inhibition i.e. (15±1) Conclusion: This study suggests that these juice and peel extracts may have beneficial antibacterial roles that can be exploited in controlling unwanted bacterial growth.

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Components and Antibacterial Activity in Essential Oil of Lantana Flowers (Lantana Camara L)

Biomedika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Yulia Shara Sembiring ◽  
Cut Fatimah Zuhra
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the essential oil composition as well as antibacterial activities of essential oil of Lantana camara L flowers against four bacterial strains. Essential oil of Lantana camara L flowers was obtained by hydrodistillation method using Sthal and analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activities of essential oil were tested by using disk diffusion method against four bacterial strains. Results showed  72 compounds for Lantana flowers essential oil, of which caryophyllene   (10,87%),   davanone   (9.84%),   a-humulene   (7.59%),   a-curcumene (3.35%), germacrene D (3.09%), calarene (2.42%), a-muurolene (2.27%), p-cymene (1.79%), 1,8 cineole (1.59%) , δ-cadinene (1.59%), a-copaene (1.12%), nerolidol B (1%) and ß-ocimene (0.54%) were detected as major components. Antibacterial activity assay of Lantana camara L flowers essential oil was examined against four bacterial strains including Gram (+and-) by using disk diffusion agar method. All the tested Gram (+and-) bacterial strains displayed slight to moderate antibacterial activity (7 – 10 mm) against all concentrations of essential oil. The essential oil of Lantana camara L flowers showed remarkable antibacterial activity with inhibition in concentrations of 10% and 20% against the phatogen bacterias Basillus subtilis (9.6 mm; 10.8 mm), Propionibacterium acnes ( 7.6 mm; 8.7 mm), Eschechia coli ( 8.4 mm ; 9.6 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 8.3 mm ; 9.3 mm) showed from zone of inhibition that was formed, zone of inhibition in concentration 20% was bigger than concentration 10%.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK n-HEKSAN, ETIL ASETAT DAN ETANOL KULIT BATANG KAYU EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE DIFUSI

KOVALEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Sumitriasih ◽  
Ahmad Ridhay ◽  
Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

A study was conducted on the antibacterial activity test on n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of ebony bark (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) using a diffusion method. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of ebony bark against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria using n-hexane, ethyl acetate dan ethanol. The method of extraction used in this research was maceration method with three polarity levels of solvent. The antibacterial activity test was performed by diffusion-well test. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract gave the highest inhibition of 26.14 mm in gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and ethanol extract of 25.97 mm in gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Keywords: Ebony (Diospyros celebica. Bakh), Tree Bark, Inhibitory, Antibacterial

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