scholarly journals Seasonal Variations in Imabolo Stream Water Quality in Ankpa Urban Area of Kogi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Johnmark Friday Ocheje ◽  
Michael Chukwuma Obeta ◽  
Eze, Eberechukwu Jennifer ◽  
Nwankwoala, Hycienth Ogunka ◽  
Wali, Elekwachi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
T Test ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

Changes in season is one of the important drivers responsible for pollutants transported into surface waters. This study examined the seasonal variations in the quality of Imabolo stream water within Ankpa urban, Kogi State, Nigeria. To achieve the aim of the study, water samples were collected at the peak of the two seasons from seven points along the stream reach corresponding to the different land-use activities in the study area in March and June, 2018. In-situ and laboratory analysis of eighteen physico-chemical and two microbiological parameters were carried out according to standard procedures. Descriptive statistics and t-test were employed to analyze the data obtained for both dry and rainy seasons. The results were compared with WHO and NSDWQ standards for drinking water quality for characterization. The analysis revealed that water samples from six points had elevated values of parameters above the recommended limits for human consumption. The observed seasonal variation indicated that wet season values were higher for all the parameters except DO and Ca2+, while t-test showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the level of temperature, EC, TDS, turbidity, BOD, COD, nitrate, sulphate, iron, calcium, lead, cadmium, alkalinity, total hardness, total coliforms and E. coli betweendry and rainy season. The study advances innovative recommendations to remediate and improve the quality of the stream water in order to meet the water needs of the users.

scholarly journals Research Note: Stream water quality of a Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM)-protected watershed in Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

2008 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Arturo Pasa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Low Concentrations

The study assessed the quality of stream water of the watershed within the Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) Project in Cienda, Gabas, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines. Results showed that, on the average, streamflow velocity was 0.30m/sec, streamflow volume 0.32m3/sec, turbidity 2.96 ntu and the associated sediments 16.0 mg/ L. Odor and taste were unobjectionable. pH ranged from 7.50 to 7.0 while total hardness from 7.84 to 15.16 mg/L. The average nitrite (NO2) content was 11.115mg/L while nitrate (NO3) was 1.05 mg/L. The concentration of nutrients was also very low. Phosphorous (P) ranged only from 2.20 to 4.46 mg/kg or parts per million (ppm) while potassium (K) ranged from 3.71 to 3.90 ppm. Sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were also very low. Heavy metals were detected but also at low concentrations.

scholarly journals WATER QUALITY INDEX FOR WATER SAMPLES OF RAJGHAT RESERVOIR IN SAGAR CITY, M.P., INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Hemant Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Temperature Conductivity

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the Rajghat reservoir water on Bewas River life line of Sagar city. This has been determined by collecting water samples from selected 5 locations covered entire reservoir, and subjecting the samples to a most important physico-chemical analysis. 14 parameters have been considered: DO, water temperature, Conductivity, TDS, TSS, pH, Total hardness, calcium content, magnesium content, Total alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, o-Phosphate, and iron present in water samples. The results obtained reveal that the water quality of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption. It therefore becomes imperative to regularly monitoring the quality of water to protect it. The objective of the present work is to compute water quality index values to assess the suitability of water for human consumption. Water level has a net positive effect on water quality in water body through dilution of environmental parameters. Consequently, local management agencies should pay more attention to nutrient concentrations during the monitoring schedule, as well as during the low-water periods which manifest a relatively bad water quality state.

scholarly journals The consequences for stream water quality of long-term changes in landscape patterns: Implications for land use management and policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 105679
Author(s):  
António Carlos Pinheiro Fernandes ◽  
Lisa Maria de Oliveira Martins ◽  
Fernando António Leal Pacheco ◽  
Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Long Term Changes

Effects of a Windstorm and Forest Fire on Chemical Losses from Forested Watersheds and on the Quality of Receiving Streams

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schindler ◽  
R. W. Newbury ◽  
K. G. Beaty ◽  
J. Prokopowich ◽  
T. Ruszczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Forested Watersheds ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A severe natural windstorm followed by a high intensity forest fire caused significant increases in runoff and in losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from two small Precambrian watersheds. Both the windstorm and the fire had significant effects on water and chemical yields. Water yields in the two basins were 1.6 and 1.8 times the pre-impact means, respectively, in the year after the burn. Maximum chemical losses were observed for nitrate, with values of 3.4 and 9 times the pre-impact means for the two basins in the year after the burn. Increases in annual yields of most chemical parameters were 1.1 to 2.9 times the background. Both increased concentrations and increased flow volumes appear to be responsible for the increased nutrient losses.Key words: forest fire, windstorm, stream water quality, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium losses, water yield

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations in the Hydrogeochemistry and the Domestic-Agro-Industrial Water Quality of the Granite-Gneiss Fractured Rock Aquiferous formations in Wum, North West Region, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Akoachere RA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
North West ◽  
West Region ◽  
Northwest Region

Wum the capital of Men chum Division is an important agricultural area in the Northwest Region in Cameroon vital for the food security of the country. The study objective was to determine and evaluate the seasonal variations during four hydrogeological seasons; dry (March), drywet (June), wet (September) and wetdry (December) in the groundwater chemistry, groundwater rock interactions and domestic-agro-industrial groundwater quality using hydrogeochemical tools; physicochemical parameters, ionic ratios, gibbs diagrams, piper diagrams, durov diagrams, Total Hardness HT, Water Quality Index WQI, Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR

scholarly journals Ground Water Quality of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur C. Shah ◽  
Prateek G. Shilpkar ◽  
Pradip B. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Quality Of Water

Present communication deals with study of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), calcium hardness (CaH), magnesium hardness (MgH), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulphate (SO42-) of water samples of bore wells of forty villages of Gandhinagar taluka of Gujarat state,India. The experimental values of water samples were compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Salinity Laboratory for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the over all quality of water samples. The statistical analysis like mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (% CV), analysis of variance (ANOVA),t-test, coefficient of correlation (r) and regression analysis of obtained data were carried out. The results show that the quality of water is poor and quite good for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. The variance was found significant at 1% level of significance in case of sodium and potassium content and at 5% in case of total alkalinity and dissolved oxygen among the four regions (North, South, East and West) of Gandhinagar taluka. The linear relation also established for each pair of water quality parameters of studied water samples.

scholarly journals The water quality of streams draining a plantation forest on gley soils: the Nant Tanllwyth, Plynlimon mid-Wales

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Neal ◽  
B. Reynolds ◽  
M. Neal ◽  
H. Wickham ◽  
L. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Inputs

Abstract. The water quality of the Nant Tanllwyth stream in the Plynlimon region of mid-Wales is related to the key hydrobiogeological controls and the effects of conifer harvesting based on an analysis of rain, cloud, stream and groundwater measurements. The results show the normal patterns of stream water quality response to hydrology. Thus, there is a high damping of atmospheric inputs due to storage in a highly heterogeneous soil and groundwater system. Correspondingly, there is a highly dynamic response for components such as calcium, bicarbonate and aluminium. This response links to the relative inputs of acidic and aluminium-bearing soil waters under high flow conditions and base enriched bicarbonate bearing waters from the groundwater areas under baseflow conditions. The introduction of a deep borehole near the main stem of the river opened up a groundwater flow route to the stream and other parts of the catchment. There were two aspects to this. Firstly, it caused a change to the stream water quality, particularly under baseflow conditions, by increasing the concentrations of calcium and magnesium and by reducing the acidity. The monitoring shows that this change has persisted for over eight years and that there is no sign of reversion to pre-borehole times. Secondly, it caused a change in the groundwater level and chemistry at a borehole on the other side of the river. This feature shows that the fracture system is of hydrogeochemical and hydrogeological complexity. The effects of conifer harvesting are remarkable. At the local scale, felling leads to the expected short term increase in nitrate, ammonium and phosphate from the disturbance of the soil and the reduction in uptake into the vegetation. Correspondingly, there is a reduction in sodium and chloride linked to reduced scavenging of atmospheric inputs from cloud water by the vegetation and also due to increased dilution potential due to reductions in transpiration by the trees. However, within the main stream, virtually no change is observed in stream water quality with felling, except for a decrease rather than an expected increase in nitrate concentration. It seems that the increase in phosphate, for a system that is essentially phosphate limiting, has stimulated biological activity in the stream leading to increased uptake of nitrate and ammonium. However, there is little change in the sodium and chloride in the stream and there are important issues of the representative nature of studying small scale drainage areas. Boreholes, introduced to assess the impacts of the felling programme, show unexpected variations in groundwater chemistry. These variations are associated with the complexity of both flow routing and the chemical reactivity within the groundwater and lower soil zones, rather than changes that can be linked specifically to felling. The implications of the study are discussed in relation to both process understanding and forestry management practices. Keywords: water quality, acidification, conifer, harvesting, pH, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, nutrients, alkalinity, Plynlimon, Wales, Tanllwyth, streams, groundwater

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