scholarly journals Burning Season: Challenges to Conserve Biodiversity and the Critical Points of a Planet Threatened by the Danger Called Global Warming

Author(s):  
Diniz Pereira Leite Júnior ◽  
Elisangela Santana de Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Roseli de Souza ◽  
Marcelo Henrique de Souza ◽  
Lucas Hudson Durigon Ramos ◽  
...  

Aim: Due to their biological richness and threat levels, the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, along with other regions located in different parts of the planet, are identified a global hotspots and need greater attention due to the problems generated by global warming. Objective: This article addresses general aspects of the planet's biodiversity, the improvement of ecosystem conservation in Brazil and in the world. Methodology: We carried out an approach on the environmental situation in relation to global warming, the problems generated to the fauna and flora and the conditions in which the biomes of the Midwest region of Brazil are found. Results: The State of Mato Grosso, located in the heart of South America, Brazil, encompasses in its territory the biodiversity of three large biomes: the Amazon, the Cerrado and the Pantanal. The cerrado, a savanna mosaic biome with 38.9% of the state's territory, is home to 30% of Brazilian biodiversity and 5% of the planet's species. In Mato Grosso Amazonia, the main anthropic pressure is caused by exploration, deforestation, crops and livestock. In the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, one of the largest continuous wetlands on the planet, it is marked by peculiarities, such as dry and flood seasons, low fertility soils, difficult access, among others, which restricted its occupation and human interference. Conclusion: Finally, these biomes are areas of relevant interest for conservation and for environmental and ecosystem services, these biomes in the state are under threat and need attention from civil society and government in different spheres. General aspects of the biodiversity of biomes distributed in the territory of Mato Grosso/Brazil, socio-environmental challenges, conservation units and public and private policy initiatives that affect conservation, require active conservation intervention measures to harmonize investment activities with the priorities of biodiversity conservation.

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Celso Arruda Souza ◽  
Victor Hugo Morais Danelichen

ecossistema em diversas escalas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos sobre o uso e ocupação do solo, após a criação da unidade de conservação Monumento Natural Morro de Santo Antônio no Estado de Mato Grosso. O estudo foi realizado no Morro de Santo Antônio, distante 15 km da capital do Estado de Mato Grosso, localizado na divisa dos municípios de Cuiabá e Santo Antônio de Leverger no Cerrado Brasileiro. Foram adquiridas, junto ao USGS, imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, dos anos de 2005 a 2015, com resolução espacial de 30 m. Para o estudo da dinâmica da vegetação foram computados os índices de vegetação e de umidade da superfície NDMI. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho demonstram que após a criação da MoNa, o índice foi menor no ano de 2006, enquanto que no ano de 2015 foi maior.Palavras-chave: Sensoriamento Remoto. Unidade Conservação. Índices de Vegetação.AbstractSatellite imagery is a great tool for monitoring ecosystem conservation units at different scales. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on the soil use and occupation after the creation of the conservation unit Morro de Santo Antônio Natural Monument in the state of Mato Grosso. The study was carried out in Morro de Santo Antônio, distant 15 km from the capital of the State of Mato Grosso, located at the border of the municipalities of Cuiabá and Santo Antônio de Leverger in  Brazilian Cerrado. Images from the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were acquired from the USGS from 2005 to 2015, with spatial resolution of 30 m. For the study of vegetation dynamics, vegetation and moisture indexes of the NDMI surface were computed. The results presented in this study demonstrate that after the MoNa creation, the index was lower in 2006, while in the year 2015,  was higher.Keywords: Remote Sensing. Conservation Unit. Vegetation Indexes.


Karstenia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 374-384
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Simões Calaça ◽  
Jéssica C. Araújo ◽  
Vanessa B. Tereza ◽  
Izabel C. Moreira ◽  
Solange Xavier-Santos

Fimicolous organisms are those that can grow on dung. These substrates offer conditions that favour colonization by microorganisms, such as high nutrient and moisture content and an alkaline-neutral pH that is especially advantageous in arid/desertic regions. There are about 250 species of myxomycetes known from Brazil, which are distributed in all geographic regions and biomes, obtained mainly from plant-derived substrates. However, there are some reports of fimicolous myxomycetes in Brazil. In this study, we expand this knowledge with new records of fimicolous myxomycetes in multiple Brazilian biomes. Between 2017 and 2018, horse and cattle dung samples were collected in municipal areas in the State of Goiás (Cerrado biome): Pirenópolis, Goiás, and Porangatu; and the State of Mato Grosso (Pantanal biome): Poconé. Samples were incubated in moist chambers and monitored for four months. Myxomycetous fructifications were observed, photographed under stereo and light microscopes, and morphologically identified. Vouchers were deposited at the HUEG Herbarium. A total of five species of myxomycetes were recorded: <em>Arcyria cinerea and <em>Physarum viride (Pirenópolis), <em>P. cinereum (Goiás City), <em>P. melleum</em> (Porangatu), and <em>Perichaena corticalis</em> (Poconé). They represent the first records of fimicolous myxomycetes from the Brazilian Cerrado and Pantanal biomes. Additionally, <em>P. melleum</em> was reported as fimicolous for the first time in Brazil and the second time in the world; <em>P. corticalis</em> was reported for the first time in midwest region as well as for the first time as fimicolous in Brazil; and <em>P. viride</em> was reported for the first time as fimicolous in the world.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Rafael Martins Brito ◽  
Patricia Helena Mirandola Garcia ◽  
Eduardo Salinas Chávez

O estabelecimento de zonas de amortecimento tem papel fundamental para o sucesso das Unidades de Conservação (UCs), através de critérios e normas específicas. O trabalho objetivou revisar, analisar e discutir os principais critérios utilizados para a delimitação de zonas de amortecimento no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram adotados procedimentos de identificação dos critérios a partir de consultas bibliográficas aos planos de manejo das UCs e de documentos cartográficos. Os resultados indicam que os principais critérios utilizados para delimitação de zonas de amortecimento são os limites físico-geográficos de bacias hidrográficas, áreas protegidas, faixas territoriais limítrofes como rodovias, estradas e cursos d’água. Nota-se em alguns casos que a aplicação de limites genéricos, como os dispostos na Resolução CONAMA 10/93 e 428/2010, excluem áreas importantes próximas às unidades, como nascentes e fragmentos importantes de vegetação. Identifica-se a necessidade de exposição mais clara, objetiva e concisa desses critérios nos Planos de Manejo.     Buffer Zones of Conservation Units: Concepts, Legislation, and Possibilities in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul ABSTRACTThe establishment of buffer zones has a fundamental role in the success of the Conservation Units, through specific criteria and rules for its delimitation and management. This paper aims to review, analyze, and discuss the main criteria used for limitate buffer zones in Mato Grosso do Sul. We adopted procedures for identifying the criteria from bibliographic consultations to the UCs’ management plans and cartographic documents. The results indicate that the main criteria used for the delimitation are the physical and geographic limits of hydrographic basins, protected areas, and bordering territorial bands such as highways, roads, and watercourses. We noted in some cases that the application of generic limits, such as those provided for in CONAMA’s resolutions, exclude important areas close to the units, such as river springs and important vegetation fragments. We identified the need for clearer, more objective, and concise exposure of these criteria in the Management Plans.   Keywords: Conservation Units; Buffer Zones; Mato Grosso do Sul.


Author(s):  
Dione Cley Bento de Abreu ◽  
Letícia Lima de Freitas

O ecoturismo é uma área do turismo de grande importância para conservação e preservação ambiental, e que é desenvolvido principalmente em Unidades de Conservação. Tais questões podem ser desenvolvidas a partir do controle de acesso de turistas e da arrecadação de taxas para ajudar a manter tais áreas protegidas. Todavia, muitas delas ainda não conseguem fazer uma gestão adequada destas Unidades de Conservação. Nesse sentido, a criação de um sistema integrado em gestão que possa coordenar e controlar as visitações nos atrativos, bem como o repasse de taxas, pode ser uma opção de instrumento de gestão, pois ainda são poucas as ferramentas que possibilitam a gestão de dados para subsidiar uma gestão integrada eficiente. Em tal contexto, o município de Bonito, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, se destaca no Brasil por criar um sistema de gestão integrada que auxilia na gestão dos atrativos turísticos do município, o Voucher Digital. O Parque Estadual do Jalapão (PEJ), tal qual o município de Bonito, é um destino ecoturístico brasileiro que se destaca por seus recuros naturais. Porém, há uma grande dificuldade de gestão dos atrativos do parque, devido a fatores como falta de recursos humanos, distância dos atrativos, controle de entrada de turistas, entre outros. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as implicações existentes na aplicação do Voucher digital como ferramenta de gestão integrada do ecoturismo no Parque Estadual do Jalapão. Dentro desse contexto, a metodologia aplicada neste estudo foi a de pesquisa qualitativa, com um nível exploratório e descritivo, e aplicação de entrevista com gestor do PEJ e diretor de turismo de Bonito-MS. Como resultados obtidos, temos que no PEJ o uso de um sistema integrado de gestão, nos moldes do Voucher digital, pode aperfeiçoar a qualidade do atendimento aos turistas, reduzir os impactos provocados pela atividade turística a partir do controle de capacidade de carga dos atrativos e proporcionar um ganho econômico maior para todos os envolvidos. Assim, para sua criação se faz necessário a criação de legislações específicas, um conselho de turismo, se fazer estudos de capacidade de carga nos atrativos, integrar a comunidade do entorno e melhorar as articulações institucionais. Integrated management system and echotourist destinations: Possibility of application of digital Voucher in the State Park of Jalapão (Brazil) Ecotourism is an area of ​​tourism of great importance for environmental conservation and preservation, and which is mainly developed in Conservation Units. Such issues can be developed from the access control of tourists and the collection of fees to help maintain these protected areas. However, many of them still cannot properly manage these Conservation Units. In this sense, the creation of an integrated management system that can coordinate and control the visits in the attractions, as well as the transfer of fees, can be an option of management instrument, since there are still few tools that allow the management of data for efficient integrated management. In this context, the municipality of Bonito, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, stands out in Brazil for creating an integrated management system which assists in the management of the tourist attractions of the municipality, the Digital Voucher. The State Park of Jalapão (PEJ), like the municipality of Bonito, is a Brazilian ecotourism destination that stands out for its natural resources. However, there is a great difficulty in managing the attractions of the park, due to factors such as lack of human resources, distance of the attractions, tourists control, among others. Thus, the present work aims to verify the implications of applying the digital Voucher as an integrated ecotourism management tool in the Jalapão State Park. Within this context, the methodology applied in this study was of a qualitative research, with an exploratory and descriptive level, and application of interview with PEJ´s manager and director of tourism of Bonito-MS. As obtained results, there is in the PEJ the use of an integrated management system, in the models of the digital Voucher, which can improve the quality of service provided to tourists, reduce the impacts caused by tourist activity through the capacity control of attractions and provide greater economic gain to everyone involved. Thus, for its creation, it is necessary to create specific legislations, a tourism council, carry out capacity studies on the loads of the attractions, integrate the nearby community and improve the institutional articulations. KEYWORDS: Digital Voucher; Ecotourism.; State Park of Jalapão; Integrated system; Management.


Author(s):  
Jéssica Maia Alves Pimenta ◽  
Raphael Luis Matheus Batista ◽  
Mineia Moimáz ◽  
Afrânio José Soriano Soares

The system of Conservation Units (UCs) is one of the most important public policies for the protection of biodiversity, even considering the lack of management and handling that affects some UCs in Brazil. Despite this situation, it is important to register and know the UCs (municipal, state and federal) created within the scope of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. To this end, consultations on legislation and surveys were made through available bibliographies. The analysis of the data obtained until March 2020 indicated a total of 136 UCs, distributed among those of Sustainable Use (72.06%) and Integral Protection (27.94%), which represent 16.5% of the State’s territory. In all spheres, the largest proportion of UCs created refers to sustainable use UCs. The situation of the Conservation Units in Mato Grosso do Sul points to the urgent need for a concrete public policy, which makes it possible to meet the objectives of the different categories, in order to contribute to the conservation of nature with regard to maintenance biological diversity and diversity representative existing ecosystems in the state. Requiring for that the preparation of management plans, the consolidation of councils, the facilitation of public visitation, ecotourism, research and environmental education


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0009317
Author(s):  
Karine Mattos ◽  
Tiago Alexandre Cocio ◽  
Edilânia Gomes Araújo Chaves ◽  
Clayton Luiz Borges ◽  
James Venturini ◽  
...  

Background Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic and endemic fungal infection in Latin American, mainly in Brazil. The majority of PCM cases occur in large areas in Brazil, comprising the South, Southeast and Midwest regions, with the latter demonstrating a higher incidence of the species Paracoccidioides lutzii. Methodology and main findings This study presents clinical, molecular and serological data of thirteen new PCM cases during 2016 to 2019 from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, located in the Midwest region, Brazil. From these thirteen cases, sixteen clinical isolates were obtained and their genomic DNAs were subjected to genotyping by tub1 -PCR-RFLP. Results showed Paracoccidioides brasiliensis sensu stricto (S1) (11/16; 68.8%), Paracoccidioides restrepiensis (PS3) (4/16; 25.0%) and P. lutzii (1/16; 6.2%) as Paracoccidiodes species. Therefore, in order to understand whether the type of phylogenetic species that are circulating in the state influence the reactivity profile of serological tests, we performed double agar gel immunodiffusion (DID), using exoantigens from genotyped strains found in this series of PCM cases. Overall, our DID tests have been false negative in about 30% of confirmed PCM cases. All patients were male, most with current or previous rural activity, with ages ranging from 17 to 59 years, with 11 patients (84.6%) over 40 years of age. No clinical or epidemiological differences were found between Paracoccidioides species. However, it is important to note that the only case of P. lutzii died as an outcome. Conclusions This study suggests P. brasiliensis sensu stricto (S1) as the predominant species, showing its wide geographic distribution in Brazil. Furthermore, our findings revealed, for the first time, the occurrence of P. restrepiensis (PS3) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Despite our setbacks, it would be interesting to provide the complete sequencing of these clinical isolates to complement the molecular information presented.


2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yolanda García Rodríguez

In Spain doctoral studies underwent a major legal reform in 1998. The new legislation has brought together the criteria, norms, rules, and study certificates in universities throughout the country, both public and private. A brief description is presented here of the planning and structuring of doctoral programs, which have two clearly differentiated periods: teaching and research. At the end of the 2-year teaching program, the individual and personal phase of preparing one's doctoral thesis commences. However, despite efforts by the state to regulate these studies and to achieve greater efficiency, critical judgment is in order as to whether the envisioned aims are being achieved, namely, that students successfully complete their doctoral studies. After this analysis, we make proposals for the future aimed mainly at the individual period during which the thesis is written, a critical phase in obtaining the doctor's degree. Not enough attention has been given to this in the existing legislation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽  
Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas

Abstract—A synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) for Brazil is presented. Six species are recognized: Dicliptera ciliaris, D. sexangularis, and D. squarrosa, widely distributed in South America; D. purpurascens, which ranges from the North Region of Brazil (in the state of Acre) to eastern Bolivia; D. gracilirama, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil; and D. granchaquenha, a new species recorded in dry and semideciduous forests in Bolivia and western Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, we propose new synonyms and designate lectotypes for eleven names. An identification key to the six accepted Dicliptera species in Brazil is provided.


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