scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Management of Orobanche: A Parasitic Weed in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Asif Waratadar ◽  
P. Jones Nirmalnath ◽  
P. S. Matiwade ◽  
Vithal Navi
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Methods Of Application

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the methods of application of AMF cultures in the management of Orobanche viz., planting of pre colonized tobacco seedling; soil application and the combination of both. The experiment was carried out in Orobanche infested soils of tobacco growing areas of Belagavi district. The results of the present investigations have revealed that the treatment received STD AMF had reduced the emergence of Orobanche (1.33 plot-1) compared to UASDAMFT (1.67 plot-1) and UASDAMFS (2.89 plot-1). The results with respect to different methods of applications of AMF on Orobanche numbers revealed that planting of pre colonized tobacco seedling plus soil application at the time of planting suppressed the Orobanche emergence (0.00 plot-1) compared to planting of pre colonized seedlings (1.67 plot-1) and direct soil application of AMF cultures at the time of planting (4.22 plot-1).The results pertaining to the interactive effect between mycorrhizal cultures in conjunction with the methods of application of AMF cultures significantly reduced the population of Orobanche with the treatment received planting of pre colonized seedling along with soil application of UASDAMFT, UASDAMFS and STD AMF recorded zero emergences of Orobanche at 60 DAP. However, the highest numbers of weeds were recorded in uninoculated control (68.67plot-1). Furthermore, mycorrhizal parameters like spore count and percent of root colonization were found to be the highest in the plots received mycorrhization in the form of pre-colonization and soil application with STD AMF at the time of transplanting in the main field compared to uninoculated control.

scholarly journals The role of strigolactones in host specificity ofOrobancheandPhelipancheseed germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
Koichi Yoneyama ◽  
Diego Rubiales
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Germination Requirements

AbstractStrigolactones are apocarotenoids regulating shoot branching. They are also known to be exuded by plant roots at very low concentrations, stimulating hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic weed seeds. We show that strigolactones play a major role in host specificity ofOrobancheandPhelipanche(the broomrapes) seed germination. This observation confirms that host-derived germination stimulants are an important component determining the host specificity of these parasitic plants. Weedy broomrape species were less specialized in germination requirements than the non-weedy species except forO. cumanaandO. foetidavar.broteri. Similar results were obtained with the root exudates. Some species, such asP. aegyptiacaandO. minor, showed a broad spectrum of host specificity in terms of seed germination, which was stimulated by exudates from the majority of species tested, whereas others, such asO. cumana,O. hederaeandO. densiflora, were highly specific. Some species, such asO. minor,P. aegyptiacaandP. nana, were responsive to the three strigolactones studied, whereas others were induced by only one of them, or did not respond to them at all. The synthetic strigolactone analogue GR24, generally used as a standard for germination tests, was not effective on someOrobancheandPhelipanchespecies. Seeds of some species that did not respond to GR24 were induced to germinate in the presence of fabacyl acetate or strigol, confirming the role of strigolactones in host specificity.

scholarly journals Improved growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants by inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1299
Author(s):  
Azareel Angulo-Castro ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Juan José Almaraz-Suárez ◽  
Julián Delgadillo-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Pepper Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Background: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an alternative for sustainable management of pepper crops. Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of PGPR and AMF inoculation on the growth of bell pepper plants. Methods: Two PGPR strains were used (Pseudomonas tolaasii P61 and Bacillus pumilus R44) as well as their mixture, and an uninoculated control. In addition, bacterial treatments were combined with an AMF-consortium (Funneliformis aff. geosporum and Claroideoglomus sp.). A 4×2 factorial experiment [four levels for the bacterial inoculation and two levels of AMF-inoculation (non-AMF and AMF)] was performed with eight treatments, at greenhouse conditions for 80 days after inoculation. AMF inoculation was done at sowing and PGPR after 15 days of seedling emergence. Results and Conclusions: Uninoculated control showed lower growth responses than plants inoculated with PGPR and AMF, alone or in combination. Overall, inoculation of the strain P61 or the combination of R44+AMF increased plant growth. AMF improved the photochemical efficiency of PSII in comparison to either control plants or plants inoculated with R44 or with the bacterial mix. Both PGPR and AMF improved growth and vigor of bell pepper plants.

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on total plant nitrogen uptake and nitrogen recovery from soil organic material

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SAIA ◽  
E. BENÍTEZ ◽  
J. M. GARCÍA-GARRIDO ◽  
L. SETTANNI ◽  
G. AMATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Total Plant

SUMMARYArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi increase nitrogen (N) uptake by their host plants, but their role in plant N capture from soil organic material is still unclear. In particular, it is not clear if AM fungi compete with the host plant for the N coming from the decomposing organic matter (OM), especially when the AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) and plant roots share the same soil volume. The goal of the present research was to study the effects of AM fungi on wheat N capture after the addition of 15N-labelled OM to soil. Durum wheat (Triticum durum) was grown under controlled conditions in a sand:soil mix and the following treatments were applied: (1) AM inoculation with Glomus mosseae and uninoculated control; and (2) soil amended with 15N-enriched maize leaves and unamended soil. The addition of OM reduced plant growth and N uptake. The AM fungi increased both plant growth and N uptake compared with uninoculated control plants and the effect was enhanced when wheat was grown in soil amended with OM compared with the unamended control. Although AM fungi increased soil N mineralization rates and total plant N uptake, they strongly reduced wheat N recovery from OM, suggesting that AM fungi have marked effects on competition between plants and bacteria for the different N sources in soil.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and nodulation of the annual legume messina (Melilotus siculus) under saline and non-saline conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. L. Wilson ◽  
G. J. Ash ◽  
J. D. I. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients ◽  
Saline Land

Messina [Melilotus siculus (Turra) Vitman ex. B. D Jacks] is a salt- and waterlogging-tolerant annual legume that could be highly productive on saline land. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a symbiotic relationship with the majority of terrestrial plant species, and improved productivity of plants inoculated with AM fungi under saline conditions has been attributed to the increased uptake of nutrients such as phosphorus (P). However, the mycorrhizal status of M. siculus under saline or non-saline conditions is unknown, as is the role of AM in improved nutrition and nodulation. In this study, the role of AM fungi in growth improvement and nodulation of M. siculus was examined in saline and non-saline soil. The M. siculus plants were inoculated with either a single AM species or mixed AM species, or remained uninoculated, and were grown at three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 80, and 250 mm NaCl). AM-inoculated plants had significantly greater nodulation than plants that did not receive AM inoculum, regardless of salinity level. Plants inoculated with mixed AM species at 250 mm NaCl showed improved survival (90%) compared with the plants inoculated with single AM species or uninoculated control plants (30%). Within each salinity level, plants inoculated with mixed AM species had significantly greater dry weight than all other treatments. In addition, plants inoculated with mixed AM species had increased total uptake of P. It is likely that the increased growth observed in AM-inoculated M. siculus plants is due to improved P nutrition, showing the potential of AM fungi to enhance the growth of M. siculus on saline land.

scholarly journals Mycorrhization of micropropagated mature wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo E. Lovato ◽  
Neil Hammat ◽  
Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson ◽  
Silvio Gianinazzi
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Fungal Inoculation

Micropropagated plants of common ash and wild cherry were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during a 20-day weaning period, after which they were transferred to two different substrata supplemented with slow-release fertilizer. After a 13-week growth period, the stem height and diameter of the ash plants which had been inoculated with Glomus intraradices were three times greater than those of uninoculated control plants. Increasing the peat content of the substratum improved growth of ash. Four weeks after being transferred to pots, shoots of wild cherry inoculated with G. intraradices or G. deserticola were taller and stems thicker than those of control plants, whereas those inoculated with Gigaspora rosea had shorter shoots and thinner stems than the controls. These beneficial effects of fungal inoculation on plant development disappeared after 13 weeks. Increasing the peat content, but not the level of fertiliser of the substratum, improved growth of both inoculated and uninoculated wild cherry.

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