Appraising the Neurobehavioural Toxicity Potential of Aqueous Methanol Leaf Extract of Tapinanthus globiferus Growing on Azadirachta indica

The high prevalence and disease burden of anxiety disorders against the paucity and liabilities of existing anxiolytics indicates a need for the discovery of additional/new anti-anxiety agents. However, it is necessary to further screen these new/putative anxiolytic compounds/extracts to rule out the unwanted neurobehavioural toxicities inherent in the existing anti-anxiety drugs. Aqueous methanol leaf extract of Tapinanthus globiferus growing on Azadirachta indica host tree has previously demonstrated significant (p<0.05) anxiolytic effects in mice. This study, therefore, set out to counter-screen this extract for locomotion-suppressant, acute amnesic, sedative (myorelaxant) and hypnotic effects using standard mouse behavioural and biochemical paradigms. The leaf extract (150, 500 and 1500 mg/kg) did not cause significant (p>0.05) alterations in spontaneous locomotor activity, motor coordination/balance, sleep onset or duration, but dose-dependent and significant (p<0.05) increases (63.28±5.63, 65.63±4.12 and 69.18±3.69) in novel object recognition indices of extract-treated compared to 51.54±4.03 and 61.06±2.91 scores in diazepam- and aqua-treated mice, respectively. These findings indicate the aqueous methanol leaf extract is mostly devoid of the evaluated neurobehavioural toxicities and may possess short-term memory enhancement property in mice. These findings may justify the traditional use of Tapinanthus globiferus extracts for memory enhancement.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-89 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽

Rufai Zakari

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Range Finding ◽

Dermestes Maculatus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure. Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.

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Study on the effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) leaf extract on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and production of aflatoxin by it at different incubation times

Mycoses ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01440.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 070810231352004-??? ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mehdi Ghorbanian ◽

Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh ◽

Abdolamir Allameh ◽

Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi ◽

Mahdi Qorbani

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Aspergillus Parasiticus

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Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Extract Effect as an Option of Treatment of Ibuprofen-induced Nephrotoxicity

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i1130533 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

Ifeanacho Ezeteonu Abireh ◽

Onyinye Mary Ozioko ◽

Ignatius Ikemefuna Ozor ◽

Elizabeth Finbarrs- Bello ◽

Uche Sebastine Ozioko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Creatinine ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Oral Ibuprofen ◽

Group 2 ◽

Neem Leaf Extract ◽

Group 1

Aim: This study investigated the curative effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica on Ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rat Study Design: This is an experimental research Place of Research: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology. Methodology: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, with 4 rats in each group. Group 1 was control and received oral normal saline 0.5 ml daily. Group 2-6 had induction of nephrotoxicity using oral Ibuprofen 400 mg/Kg daily for 5 days. Group 3-5 were subsequently treated with gavage Azadirachta indica leaf extract 200 mg/Kg, 400 mg/Kg and 800 mg/Kg, respectively, for 5 days. And Group 6 was treated with oral Vitamin E 1000 iu/kg for 5 days. Results: Ibuprofen induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by elevation of serum creatinine level in group 2 (1.99 ± 0.83), when compared to 0.48 ± 0.07 obtained in group 1 (control), and Bowman’s capsule enlargement with glomerular degeneration observed in group 2. The serum creatinine levels progressively approached the level of that of the control in groups treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract, groups 3 (1.69 ± 0.52), 4 (0.69 ± 0.10) and 5 (0.49 ± 0.10). Also, the histoarchitecture progressively normalized to that of control with each increase in dose of the extract. Conclusion: Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract administration led to the resolution of Ibuprofen-induced kidney injury in this study. Thus, it can serve as a treatment option for kidney injury resulting from ingestion of Ibuprofen, after the identification of the molecule responsible for this effect.

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