scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Fractionation of Potassium in Soils from Some Refuse Dumpsites in Benin City Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
P. O. Oviasogie ◽  
D. Okoro ◽  
P. T. Ikyaahemba
Keyword(s):  
Size Fraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Potassium Dynamics

A study on potassium dynamics and fractionation was carried out in Benin City to determine the amount and distribution of k fraction in soil samples collected from different refuse dumpsites. The sand, silt and clay contents of the dumpsites soils varied from 83.3 to 95.3, 0.60 to 3.35 and 2.55 to 15.10%, respectively. Soils were dominantly sandy with textural classes varying from sand to loamy sand down at depth. The result revealed that the water-soluble k and Exchangeable k range from 163.8 to 643.4 mg/kg in surface soils and 271.1 to 319.8 mg/kg in sub-surface in Benin-Onitsha Bypass and Benin-Warri Bypass. The difficult exchangeable k content ranged from 93.6 to 483.6 mg/kg and 50.1 to 467.9 mg/kg .in the surface and sub-surface of the dumpsites; K content was highest in the subsurface soils than in surface soils due to high deposition of refuse from surface soils within the dumpsites. In general, distribution of K forms decreased in the order reserved K > fixed > water-soluble > Exchangeable K, Structural K > Diff. Exch. K as well as the mobility factor for each of the refuse dumpsite investigated. Similarly, the amount of the various forms of k extracted decreased as the soil pH decreased. The soil samples collected far away from the dumpsites have lower concentrations of k forms compared to those from the vicinity of the dumpsites. This shows that the waste dumps had higher concentration of elements, thereby interacting with the soil and enhance their dominance within the dumpsites. The particle size fraction of the refuse dump suggests the need for consideration of active soil portions for sustainable K management of the environment.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of soil nutrients under different land use systems in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Shafia Afrin ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Md. Joinul Abedin Mian ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Land Use Systems

Soil depth can significantly influence the availability of nutrients in soil. An experiment was conducted with seven soil samples from seven land use types to observe the effect of soil depth on soil properties under various land use systems. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available phosphorus (P), available sulphur (S) and different forms of potassium (K) such as water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable were determined from the soil samples collected from four soil depths (viz. 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). Soil pH varied from 6.30-7.39 irrespective of depths and land uses and it increased with increasing soil depth. Electrical conductivity of the soils ranged from 42-310 µS cm-1 and organic matter status of most of the soils was very low to medium in level. Both EC and organic matter content decreased with the increase of soil depth. Available P concentration showed no specific changing trend with soil depth whereas available S concentration under different land use systems decreased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in soils varied from 12.30-39.60, 20.90-53.16 and 163.30-684.30 mg kg-1, respectively and showed no specific changing pattern with soil depth. Water soluble K content was higher in rice growing fertilizer and manure-treated soil but higher exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were observed in banana growing soil. In rice growing soils, nutrient concentration is mostly higher in nitrogen (N), P and K + farm yard manure (FYM) - treated plots compared to rice growing control plots.

scholarly journals Potassium Distribution in Surface Soils of Kust Teaching, Research and Commercial Farm, Gaya, Kano State

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Almu H. ◽  
Abdulkadir N.A. ◽  
Sani A. ◽  
Adamu U.K. ◽  
Aminu M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Commercial Farm ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Total Potassium ◽  
Different Soils

A study was conducted on the distribution of potassium in the surface soil of Kano University of Science and Technology teaching, research and commercial farm, Gaya during 2018/2019 session. The contents of different forms of potassium were observed. Water soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, mineral and total potassium were determined in surface soil (0–15cm) in KUST teaching, research and commercial farm, Gaya. The results showed that the average values for water soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K, mineral K and total K were: 0.14, 0.18, 0.35, 1.36 and 3.92 Cmol/Kg soil respectively. The values for K saturation percentage (KSP) ranged between 0.12–019 and exchangeable K between 0.13–0.20 Cmol/Kg clay. There was a wide variation in the values of various forms of K and among indices associated with mineral composition in different soils. The results show that the values of K form in most of the studied soils are quite low. Consequently, the supplying power of potassium in these soils is low and the need for potassium fertilizer is recommended.

scholarly journals Effect of Rice Straw on Potassium Availability in Illite Containing Soils of Central Plain, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timtong DARUNSONTAYA ◽  
Wittaya JINDALUANG
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
K Release

Soil potassium (K) in various forms and the effect of rice straw on soil K release were studied in lowland soils containing illite clay minerals. Surface soils of 2 Inceptisols and 2 Alfisols were collected to study. Soil samples were incubated for 120 days with rice straw incorporation at different rates (0, 3,125, 6,250, and 9,375 kg/ha), and various forms of K in soils were determined at various times during the period of incubation. The results showed that the readily available K content (water-soluble K + exchangeable K) of the studied soils increased with the increasing rate of rice straw incorporation. In addition, non-exchangeable K content also increased with the increasing rate of rice straw incorporation by fixation process for all soils. The maximum increase of water-soluble K content of the studied soils was observed on the 4th day of incubation for all treatments, corresponding to the decrease of exchangeable K content at the same time. This result indicated that water-soluble K and exchangeable K were in equilibrium. Changes of non-exchangeable K content during the period of incubation through alternate release and fixation processes were observed monthly. This result suggested that most of the readily available K enhanced by rice straw incorporation would be beneficial for K uptake by the plant.

EXTRACTION OF BORON FROM CSSC REFERENCE SOILS BY HOT WATER, DILUTE CaCl2 AND MANNITOL-CaCl2 SOLUTIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Highly Correlated

Soils were extracted by hot water, dilute CaCl2, and by mannitol-CaCl2 solutions and boron was determined by either azomethine-H or the curcumin method. Results were strongly method dependent; in particular results by the simplest method, mannitol-CaCl2, were generally lower and not highly correlated (r = 0.64) with those by the recommended procedure. This procedure involves extraction with hot distilled H2O (2:1 solution:soil), centrifugation, filtration, color development with azomethine-H and correction for background color. Extractable boron values by this procedure ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 mg kg−1. Background color can be further reduced by the substitution of 0.02 M CaCl2 for distilled water. Key words: CSSC reference soil samples, hot-water-soluble boron

Mobility of Zinc in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil after Compost Amendment and Brassica juncea Harvest

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li Huang ◽  
Lin Luo ◽  
Jia Chao Zhang ◽  
Pu Feng Qin ◽  
Man Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Compost Amendment ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxides

Pot experiments were performed to investigate the effect of compost amendment on the mobility of zinc through analysis of Zn fractions in heavy metal contaminated soil. The results showed that the total Zn concentration decreased 8.11%, 10.15%, 16.15%, 20.05%, 7.28% and 5.02% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil and Brassica juncea harvest, respectively. Zn was mostly concentrated in the residual fraction and Fe-Mn oxides fraction in soil. The percentage of Zn in water-soluble fraction, organic fraction and residual fraction had no correlation with the amount of compost amendment. The percentage of Zn in the exchangeable fraction decreased and the percentage of Zn in Fe-Mn oxides fractions increased obviously. Furthermore, the mobility factor of Zn decreased significantly from 19.20% without compost amendment to 19.09%, 18.70%, 18.15%, 16.45% and 16.12% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil, the compost amendment could lowered the mobility and phytotoxicity of zinc through bound to Fe-Mn oxides.

Dendrogeochemistry and soil geochemistry applied to exploration for alkalic Cu-Au porphyry mineralization under cover at the Racecourse prospect, NSW, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1167-1186
Author(s):  
Cole McGill ◽  
Daniel Layton-Matthews ◽  
T. Kurt Kyser ◽  
Matthew I. Leybourne ◽  
Paul Polito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Geochemistry ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Transverse Zone

ABSTRACT The Racecourse Cu-Au porphyry prospect is found within the Macquarie Arc of the Lachlan Fold Belt, in the Lachlan Transverse Zone, a cross-arc structure hosting significant world-class mineralization, including the Cadia and Northparks districts. Several geochemical and geophysical surveys of the prospect have been complimented by a total of 19,819 m of drilling, with only four holes reaching a depth greater than 300 m. Positive lithogeochemistry (fertility indices, comparisons with the Cadia and Northparks systems) subtle alteration, and mineralized intercepts indicate heightened mineral potential, yet the prospect has lacked a comprehensive geochemical survey outlining the extent of the mineralized target at surface. Soil samples and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) tree cores were collected above and distal to mineralization intercepted by prior drilling in order to outline the ore deposit footprint and test the viability of dendrogeochemistry as an exploration tool for porphyry Cu mineralization. Ultimately, this study documented the spatial extent of the Racecourse target and identified potential areas for additional Cu mineralization. Soil samples were separated with the <250 μm size fraction analyzed and show distinct anomalous populations of Au, Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn above prior drilling. Tree cores were collected by increment borer and tree rings of the Pinus radiata were counted and measured, with an age interval of 2003–2008 exhibiting the least ring-width variability chosen to chemically analyze. Selected intervals were digested and analyzed and have elevated Cu, Mo, and Zn in an area that overlaps a previously drilled soil anomaly, whereas an anomaly in the southwest of the survey area documents a Cu, Pb anomaly corresponding to localized faulting and tertiary basalt subcrop. Tree roots are directly tapping chemical variability at depth, aided via metal mobilization through faulted fluid conduits. Lead isotope ratios from the Pinus radiata identify distinct groups of lead spatially associated with discrete metal anomalies of varied lithological ages. At the Racecourse target, anomalous Pinus radiata samples yield a similar isotopic signature to the faulted southwestern anomaly, potentially linking the source of these two metal anomalies. When these results are integrated with the current understanding of the mineralized body, geochemical media suggest that mineralization may continue down-plunge at depth.

scholarly journals Soil fertility status of some of the intensive crop growing areas under major agroecological zones of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Shil ◽  
MA Saleque ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
M Jahiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
High Level

Laboratory studies on soil fertility evaluation was carried out across major agroecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh to know the nutrient status of soils and to relate those with soil properties like pH, organic matter, CEC, and clay content. Thirty five composite soil samples were collected from intensive crop growing sites, which covered 17 AEZs of Bangladesh. After proper processing, the samples were analyzed for texture, pH, organic carbon, CEC, exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg and Na), total N, available P and S following standard methods. The textural class of the soils collected from AEZ 12 and 13 appeared to be mostly clay. Clay loam soil was found in AEZ 4, 8, 9, 11, 25 and 28. Loamy soil was seen in AEZ 1 while AEZ 22, 23 and 29 were mostly sandy textured. The results revealed that 65.7% of the tested soil was acidic while 25.7% was alkaline in nature. All the tested soils showed lower pHKCl compared to pHH2O thus possessed negative charge. About 68.6% of the collected soils contained low (1.10-1.70%) level of organic matter, 25.7% soils retained it at medium level (1.71-2.40) and 5.7% soils at very low level (<1.0%). All the tested soils appeared to be deficient (< 0.12%) in nitrogen content. 68.6% soil samples had the low level of available P while only 8.6% retained it an optimum amount. About 80% of the tested soils contained low level of available S (7.9- 14.7 mg kg -1) although coastal regions soils hold higher amount of available S. High CEC (20-38 cmol kg-1) was found in clay rich soils of AEZ 10, 11, 12, and 13. Study revealed that 40% of the collected soils were very low, 31.4% were low, 8.6% each of medium and optimum, and 11.4% contained high level of exchangeable K. The calcareous soils (AEZ 10, 11, 12 and 13) contained very high level of Ca. Non calcareous soils also showed fairly good level of Ca content except AEZ 1, 3, 23 and 29. Sandy textured soils of greater Dinajpur, Rangpur, Moulvibazar showed lower level of exchangeable Mg. About 86% of the tested soils had the lower (< 2%) potassium saturation percentage (KSP), which needs K application for sustainable crop production. Estimate showed that 44% variability for CEC may be attributed by clay content and the relationship was significant (p = 0.05). Again, 50.4 and 65.6% variability in exchangeable K and Mg, respectively may be governed by clay content of the soils, while such relationship for Ca was non-significant. CEC may contribute 62.2, 92.3 and 83.9% variability for exchangeable K, Ca and Mg content in soils, respectively. The fertility status of most of the studied soils (except AEZ 10, 12, 13 and to some extent 11) appeared to be low to very low, which demand judicious management in order to achieve food security and to conserve the soil fertility.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 735-757, December 2016

scholarly journals Different soil potassium fractions and their contribution towards its uptake under long-term rice-rice cropping system in an Inceptisol of subtropical eastern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
Raghabananda Nayak ◽  
Kumbhakarna Rout ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Abhiram Dash
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Pot Culture

A pot culture experiment was conducted by taking soils from a long term fertilizer experimental field to evaluate the contribution of different K fractions towards rice biomass yield and potassium uptake in different long term fertilizer management practices. Twelve different soils were taken for pot culture and graded dose of potassium @ 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg K2O ha-1 was applied. Rice variety Lalat was grown as test crop. The forms of potassium were determined in the surface soil of 0-15 cm after maturity of crop. The result shows that water soluble form of K is the major contributor to biomass yield in soils taken from100% PK, 100% NPKZn, 100% NPKZnB,100% NPKZnS,100% NPK lime and control treated plots of the main field where as exchangeable K is dominant form of K in 100% NPK and 150% NPK. Ammonium acetate K contributes to yield in NPKFYM lime treatment. The nitric acid extractable K is a major contributor to yield in 100% NPKFYM,100% N or100% NP treatment. The water soluble form of K is the major source towards uptake in 150% NPK, NPKFYM lime ,100% NPKZnB, or control. Ammonium acetate K becomes the main source by applying 100% PK,100% NPK,100% NPKZn,100% NPKZnSor 100% NPKlime whereas exchangeable K becomes major contributor by100%N,or 100% NP application and 1 N HNO3 extractable K is the main source of K uptake in NPKFYM treatment. Therefore due importance of different form of potassium should be given in soil test value for better fertilizer management.

scholarly journals About salt fractionation in the process of terrigenous aerosol generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Savenko ◽  
V. S. Savenko
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Salt Fractionation

The content of water-soluble salts in samples of surface soils from arid regions and separated from them fraction <0.1 mm was analyzed. Existence of salt fractionation in the aleurite was shown. The fractionation coefficients, defined as the ratio of ions concentrations in the water extracts from fraction <0.1 mm and soil as a whole, are arranged in the successions: Na > K > Mg > Ca and SO4 > HCO3 > Cl. It was found that the fractionation of salts depends on their solubility: than solubility below, that enrichment of soils fine fraction is more.

The forms of potassium and potassium adsorption in some virgin soils from south-western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pal ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. T. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern District

This investigation was undertaken to determine the potassium (K) status and adsorption behaviour of 227 samples from horizons of 41 representative virgin soil profiles, extending from Geraldton in the north to the Great Southern district of Western Australia. X-ray diffraction analysis of random powder of whole soil indicated that quartz is the dominant mineral and some soils contain significant amounts of feldspars. Clay mineralogy is dominated by kaolinite but minor quantities of illite are present in some soils. Most south-west Australian agricultural soils contain little available K: NaHCO3-extractable K (NaHCO3-K, median value 0·09 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 35 mg K/kg soil), HNO3-extractable K (HNO3-K, median value 0·30 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 117 mg K/kg soil), and total K (XRF determined K, median value, 17 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 6630 mg K/kg soil). The proportion of water-soluble K (H2O-K) ranges from 0 to 3·5% of total K, 0 to 76% of HNO3-K, and 0 to nearly 100% of exchangeable K. Exchangeable K ranges from 0 to 100% (median value 37%) of HNO3-K. These are relatively high proportions of H2O-K and exchangeable K compared with soils from many other parts of the world. The amounts of all forms of K variously increase or decrease downwards in the soil profile depending on both clay content and mineralogy. The commonly assumed increase in K with clay content alone is invalid. The soils mostly have low-to-moderate values of K sorption capacity, ranging from 5% to 67% (median value 14%) of added K (initially 4·1 mM K/L, equivalent to 4·1 cmol K/kg). otassium sorption isotherms conform well to the Freundlich equation. The inability of the Langmuir equation to describe the data may indicate that there are several types of K sorption sites in these soils. The Gapon coefficient KG varied widely from 0·04 to 29·8 (L/mol) ½ [median value 5·4 (L/mol) ½ ].

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