scholarly journals Cerebral Hemodynamics in Chronic Disorders of Cerebral Circulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Janna A. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
The State ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Study ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brachiocephalic Veins

The experience of using different methods of magnetic resonance study of the arterial and venous parts of the vascular bed of the head and neck is analyzed, and the feasibility and possibility of simultaneous assessment of the state of the brain and the study of the anatomy of the cerebral bed are shown. 87 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) on the background of hypertension (GB) were examined, of the 36 women and 51 men aged from 46 to 72 years. All patients underwent standard neurological examination, MRI of the brain with venography (MRV) of the brachiocephalic veins and venous sinuses of the brain, duplex scanning (DS) in the modes of color Doppler mapping and pulsed Doppler of extra- and intracranial vessels. Comparative assessment of brain MRI results in patients with CCI revealed diffuse changes in the signal intensity from the white matter of the brain (periventricular, subcortical leucoarea, LA), single or multiple ischemic foci of 115 mm, external and internal cerebral atrophy (CA). the feasibility and the possibility of a one-stage assessment of the state of the brain and the study of the anatomy of the cerebral bed are substantiated. The need for an extended magnetic resonance study of the vascular system in the defeat of the arterial bed of the brain is due to certain anatomical and functional relationships between the arterial and venous sections.

Wernicke’s encephalopathy-induced hearing loss complicating sleeve gastrectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e233144
Author(s):  
Elaf Abdulnabi Mohammed ◽  
Sulaiman Ali Hajji ◽  
Khaled Aljenaee ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim Ghanbar
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Wernicke’S Encephalopathy ◽  
Wernicke's Encephalopathy ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Inversion Recovery Imaging ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
The Brain

A 25-year-old woman brought to the hospital with symptoms of acute confusion, disorientation, diplopia, hearing loss and unsteady gait which started 4 days prior to her presentation with rapid worsening in its course until the day of admission. She had a surgical history of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy 2 months earlier which was complicated by persistent vomiting around one to three times per day. She lost 30 kg of her weight over 2 months and was not compliant to vitamin supplementation. CT of the brain was unremarkable. Brain MRI was done which showed high signal intensity lesions involving the bilateral thalamic regions symmetrically with restricted diffusion on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. Other radiological investigations, such as magnetic resonance venography and magnetic resonance angiography of the brain were unremarkable. An official audiogram confirmed the sensorineural hearing loss. A diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to thiamin deficiency post-sleeve gastrectomy was made based on the constellation of her medical background, clinical presentation and further supported by the distinct MRI findings. Consequently, serum thiamin level was requested and intravenous thiamin 500 mg three times per day for six doses was started empirically, then thiamin 250 mg intravenously once daily given for 5 more days. Marked improvement in cognition, eye movements, strength and ambulation were noticed soon after therapy. She was maintained on a high caloric diet with calcium, magnesium oxide, vitamin D supplements and oral thiamin with successful recovery of the majority of her neurological function with normal cognition, strength, reflexes, ocular movements, but had minimal resolution of her hearing deficit. Serum thiamin level later was 36 nmol/L (67–200).

scholarly journals Alternating flexed-extended posturing in progressive supranuclear palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Ishii ◽  
Hitoshi Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

A 69-year-old man who had been bedridden in nursing home because of a 5-year history of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) was admitted due to aspiration pneumonia. Besides neck dystonia in extension, he showed “alternating flexed–extended posturing”, in which the arm was flexed on one side and extended on the other. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed global cerebral atrophy that predominantly affected the cortex and midbrain. The mechanisms of complex posturing in late-stage PSP may sometimes be related to decortication and decerebration as well as dystonia, and “alternating flexed–extended posturing” might be one of the phenotypes of pathological progression in PSP.

scholarly journals Identifying Type 2 Diabetic Brains by Investigating Disease-Related Structural Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuna Chen ◽  
Yongsheng Pan ◽  
Shangyu Kang ◽  
Junshen Lu ◽  
Xin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
The Brain

Diabetes with high blood glucose levels may damage the brain nerves and thus increase the risk of dementia. Previous studies have shown that dementia can be reflected in altered brain structure, facilitating computer-aided diagnosis of brain diseases based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-mediated changes in the brain structures have not yet been studied, and only a few studies have focused on the use of brain MRI for automated diagnosis of T2DM. Hence, identifying MRI biomarkers is essential to evaluate the association between changes in brain structure and T2DM as well as cognitive impairment (CI). The present study aims to investigate four methods to extract features from MRI, characterize imaging biomarkers, as well as identify subjects with T2DM and CI.

Safety and Feasibility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain at 1.5 Tesla in Patients with Temporary Transmyocardial Pacing Leads

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (02) ◽  
pp. 086-091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Homsi ◽  
Fritz Mellert ◽  
Roger Luechinger ◽  
Daniel Thomas ◽  
Jonas Doerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Head Coil ◽  
Pacing Leads

Background Temporary transmyocardial pacing leads (TTPLs) represent an absolute contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of MRI at 1.5 Tesla (T) using a transmit/receive (T/R) head coil in patients with TTPL. Methods TTPLs (220 cm, Osypka TME, Dr. Osypka GmbH, Rheinfelden, Germany) were implanted in a phantom and exposed to conditions of a 1.5 T brain examination using a T/R head coil. Temperature changes at the lead tip were continuously recorded. A total of 28 patients with TTPL and an urgent indication for a brain MRI underwent MRI at 1.5 T with vital sign monitoring. A T/R head coil was used to minimize radiofrequency exposure of the TTPL. Before and immediately after the MRI scan, TTPL lead impedance, pacing capture threshold (PCT), signal slope, and sensing were measured. Serum troponin I was determined before and after MRI to detect thermal myocardial injury. Results In vitro, the maximum temperature increase from radiofrequency-induced heating of the TTPL tip was < 1°C. In vivo, no complications, such as heating sensations, dizziness, unexpected changes in heart rate or rhythm, or other unusual signs or symptoms were observed. No significant changes in the lead impedance, PCT, signal slope, or sensing were recorded. There were no increases of serum troponin I after the MRI examination. Conclusions MRI of the brain may be performed safely at 1.5 T using a T/R head coil in case of an urgent clinical need in patients with TTPL and may be considered a feasible and safe procedure when appropriate precautionary measures are taken.

scholarly journals Heart-brain connections: phenotypic and genetic insights from 40,000 cardiac and brain magnetic resonance images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingxin Zhao ◽  
Tengfei Li ◽  
Zirui Fan ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Xifeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
The Brain

Cardiovascular health interacts with cognitive and psychological health in complex ways. Yet, little is known about the phenotypic and genetic links of heart-brain systems. Using cardiac and brain magnetic resonance imaging (CMR and brain MRI) data from over 40,000 UK Biobank subjects, we developed detailed analyses of the structural and functional connections between the heart and the brain. CMR measures of the cardiovascular system were strongly correlated with brain basic morphometry, structural connectivity, and functional connectivity after controlling for body size and body mass index. The effects of cardiovascular risk factors on the brain were partially mediated by cardiac structures and functions. Using 82 CMR traits, genome-wide association study identified 80 CMR-associated genomic loci (P < 6.09 * 10^{-10}), which were colocalized with a wide spectrum of heart and brain diseases. Genetic correlations were observed between CMR traits and brain-related complex traits and disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anorexia nervosa, stroke, cognitive function, and neuroticism. Our results reveal a strong heart-brain connection and the shared genetic influences at play, advancing a multi-organ perspective on human health and clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Clustering of Brain Tumors in Brain MRI Images based on Extraction of Textural and Statistical Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Hamed Samadi Ghoushchi ◽  
Yaghoub Pourasad
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

<p>The purpose of this article is to investigate techniques for classifying tumor grade from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This requires early diagnosis of the brain tumor and its grade. Magnetic resonance imaging may show a clear tumor in the brain, but doctors need to measure the tumor in order to treat more or to advance treatment. For this purpose, digital imaging techniques along with machine learning can help to quickly identify tumors and also treatments and types of surgery. These combined techniques in understanding medical images for researchers are an important tool to increase the accuracy of diagnosis. In this paper, classification methods for MRI images of tumors of the human brain are performed to review the astrocytoma-containing glands. Methods used to classify brain tumors, including preprocessing, screening, tissue extraction, and statistical features of the tumor using two types of T<sub>1</sub>W and Flair brain MRI images and also the method of dimensionality reduction of extracted features and how to train them in classification are also explained. Determine the tumor area using three classification of Fuzzy Logic <em>C</em><em>-</em><em>Means</em><em> </em>Clustering (FCM), Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). In this paper, simulated and real MRI images are used. The results obtained from the proposed methods in this paper are compared with the reference results and the results show that the proposed approach can increase the reliability of brain tumor diagnosis.</p>

Outpatient Procedural Sedation of Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorders for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Using Propofol

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip P. Kamat ◽  
Marie K. Karaga ◽  
Benjamin L. Wisniewski ◽  
Courtney E. McCracken ◽  
Harold K. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Objective: To quantify the number of personnel, time to induce and complete sedation using propofol for outpatient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, and the frequency of serious adverse events (SAEs) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with children without ASD. Results: Baseline characteristics were the same between both groups. Overall sedation success was 99%. Although most children were sedated with ≤3 providers, 10% with ASD needed ≥4 providers (P = .005). The duration of sedation was less for the ASD group compared with the non-ASD group (49 minutes vs 56 minutes, P = .005). There was no difference in SAE frequency between groups (ASD 14% vs non-ASD 16%, P = .57). Conclusion: Children with ASD can be sedated for brain MRI using propofol with no increased frequency of SAEs compared with children without ASD. Sedation teams should anticipate that 10% of children with ASD may need additional personnel before propofol induction.

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