scholarly journals Relationship between Sonographic Umbilical cord Diameter and Gestational Age in Third Trimester of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Sara Essam ALdabouly ◽  
Mohamed Mohsen El Namori ◽  
Mona Khaled Omar ◽  
Essmat Hamdy AboZeid
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Background: Throughout the fourth week of embryonic development the umbilical cord (UC) is formed, which corresponds to the fifth to the twelfth weeks of gestation. Fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have leaner UCs than fetuses of appropriate gestational age do, and the caliber of the umbilical vein decreases significantly, resulting in a worsening of the Doppler parameters of the umbilical artery in the mother. The goal of this study was to evaluate the significance of sonographic UC diameter in determining gestational age in third trimester in pregnant women. Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional research on 300 pregnant women aged range between (20-35) years, singleton gestation, gestational age (3rd) trimester estimated from antenatal mothers last menstrual period (LMP), viable fetus, presenting to obstetrics and gynecology department at Tanta university hospital. Results: Highly statistically significant positive correlation between UC diameter and gestational age, BPD, FL, AC, AFI, and estimated fetal weight was found. The increase in UC diameter was positively and significantly correlated with the increase in gestational age and estimated fetal weight, indicating that those who have prolonged gestational age and estimated fetal weight are more likely to have wider UC diameter. Conclusions: The UC diameter (UCD) has the potential to be a valuable indicator of fetal growth, well-being, and perinatal outcome. Sonographic measurement of UC diameter could be an efficient method of measuring fetal growth and predicting gestational age (GA), particularly between 28-40 weeks GA. It is possible that abnormal UC diameter can be a strong indicator to identify antenatal mothers at risk for IUFD and poor fetal outcomes.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN IBU DENGAN TAKSIRAN BERAT JANIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Yati Isnaini Safitri ◽  
Nur Masruroh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Kecukupan gizi ibu hamil ditentukan oleh kenaikan berat badan ibu yang juga akan mendukung kenaikan berat badan janin serta kecepatan janin mensintesis jaringan. Pencatatan hasil berat badan pada setiap kunjungan ibu hamil bermanfaat untuk mengetahui kesejahteraan janin yang ada di dalam kandungan ibu. Pengukuran Tinggi Fundus Uteri (TFU) menjadi titik awal evaluasi pertumbuhan janin. Taksiran berat janin berguna untuk memantau pertumbuhan janin dalam rahim, sehingga diharapkan dapat mendeteksi dini kemungkinan terjadinya pertumbuhan janin yang abnormal. Tujuan penelitian Menganalisis hubungan antara kenaikan berat badan ibu hamil dengan taksiran berat janin di RBG Zakat Surabaya. Sampel berjumlah 25 ibu adalah ibu hamil trimester 3 yang datang berkunjung ke klinik RBG Zakat Surabaya selama bulan Mei-Agustus 2019. Tehnik pengambilan sample menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian Berdasarkan hasil uji statistic dengan chi-square di dapatkan hasil perhitungan menunjukkan signifikansi (α) = 0,396. Dengan asumsi jika ρ <0,05 Ho Ditolak maka ada hubungan antara kenaikan berat badan ibu dengan taksiran berat badan janin.The nutritional adequacy of pregnant women is determined by the increase in maternal weight, which will also support the increase in fetal weight, and the rate at which the fetus synthesizes tissue. Recording weight results at every visit of pregnant women is useful to know the welfare of the fetus in the mother's womb. Uterine Fundus Height Measurement (TFU) is the starting point for evaluating fetal growth. Estimated fetal weight is useful for monitoring fetal growth in the uterus, so it is expected to detect early the possibility of abnormal fetal growth. Research Objectives To analyze the relationship between weight gain of pregnant women and fetal weight estimates in RBG Zakat Surabaya. The sample of 25 mothers was 3rd trimester pregnant women who came to visit the Zakat Surabaya RBG clinic during May-August 2019. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using chi-square. Results of the study Based on the results of the statistical test with chi-square obtained the calculation results showed significance (α) = 0.396. Assuming if ρ <0.05 Ho is rejected then there is a relationship between maternal weight gain and estimated fetal weight. 

Third Trimester Umbilical Artery Doppler in Low-Risk Pregnancies and its Correlation to Estimated Fetal Weight and Birthweight

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Sirico ◽  
Anke Diemert ◽  
Peter Glosemeyer ◽  
Kurt Hecher
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the correlation between the umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) and the estimated fetal weight percentile and birthweight (BW) percentile, respectively. Materials and Methods We included low-risk pregnancies, in which UA Doppler investigations after 28 weeks were performed. Cases were allocated according to BW percentiles: small for gestational age (SGA) with BW < 10th percentile; appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) with BW > 90th percentile. We analyzed differences in the mean UA-PI and UA-PI z-score for gestational age according to the three groups. Linear regression was performed to evaluate any relationship between Doppler indices and BW percentiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent association of UA-PI with LGA babies. In a second step, we considered data on estimated fetal weight (EFW) percentiles and performed the same analysis. Results We analyzed 14 554 pregnancies from 2004 to 2015. The mean UA-PI and mean UA-PI z-scores in the LGA group were lower than in the AGA and SGA groups (p < 0.001). UA-PI and UA-PI z-scores were linearly related to birthweight percentiles (p < 0.001) and to EFW percentiles (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that low UA-PI was independently associated with neonatal LGA (p < 0.001). Conclusion The higher the EFW and BW percentiles, the lower the UA-PI. However, reference ranges for UA Doppler are only based on gestation weeks. Further studies are needed to clarify whether customized reference ranges based on EFW percentiles are more appropriate for the evaluation of fetal wellbeing in the third trimester.

scholarly journals Antenatal sonographic assessment of cross sectional area of umbilical cord components and its reference value in normal pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3924
Author(s):  
Khizer Hussain Afroze ◽  
Lakshmiprabha Subash ◽  
Anand S. H.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

Background: Measuring the cross-sectional area of umbilical components in normal pregnant women helps in assessing the fetal abnormalities. Very few literatures were available on evaluation of reference values of cross sectional areas of umbilical cord components. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the normal reference values of cross sectional areas of umbilical arteries, umbilical vein and Wharton’s jelly and to correlate them with the gestational age of the fetus.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 300 normal pregnant women at the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumakuru, Karnataka to assess the reference range of cross sectional areas of umbilical cord arteries, umbilical vein and Wharton’s jelly at different gestational age of the fetus to analyze their growth.Results: A statistically significant correlation was observed between cross sectional areas of umbilical artery and vein and gestational age before and after 34 weeks (p=0.005 and 0.006 respectively) but no significant correlation was noticed with the cross-sectional area of Wharton’s jelly (p=0.088).Conclusions: Cross sectional area measurements of umbilical cord components can be considered as important tools for estimation of fetal growth.

scholarly journals Symphysis-fundal height curve in the diagnosis of fetal growth deviations

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djacyr Magna Cabral Freire ◽  
Jose Guilherme Cecatti ◽  
Cláudio Sergio Medeiros Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

OBJECTIVE: To validate a new symphysis-fundal curve for screening fetal growth deviations and to compare its performance with the standard curve adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. METHODS: Observational study including a total of 753 low-risk pregnant women with gestational age above 27 weeks between March to October 2006 in the city of João Pessoa, Northeastern Brazil. Symphisys-fundal was measured using a standard technique recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Estimated fetal weight assessed through ultrasound using the Brazilian fetal weight chart for gestational age was the gold standard. A subsample of 122 women with neonatal weight measurements was taken up to seven days after estimated fetal weight measurements and symphisys-fundal classification was compared with Lubchenco growth reference curve as gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The McNemar χ2 test was used for comparing sensitivity of both symphisys-fundal curves studied. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the new curve for detecting small for gestational age fetuses was 51.6% while that of the Brazilian Ministry of Health reference curve was significantly lower (12.5%). In the subsample using neonatal weight as gold standard, the sensitivity of the new reference curve was 85.7% while that of the Brazilian Ministry of Health was 42.9% for detecting small for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of the new curve for detecting small for gestational age fetuses was significantly higher than that of the Brazilian Ministry of Health reference curve.

scholarly journals The relationship between umbilical cord measurements and newborn outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Cenk Soysal ◽  
Halil İbrahim Şişman ◽  
İsmail Bıyık ◽  
Özlem Erten ◽  
Burak Deliloğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cord Length

Objective This study investigated the relationship between umbilical vein diameter and cord length and fetal outcome in low-risk pregnancies (fetuses appropriate for gestational age [AGA]). Methods A prospective cohort study of 39 singleton pregnant women aged 19–44 years at between 38+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation was conducted. Case demographics, umbilical vein diameter measured by prenatal ultrasound, postnatal birth weight, gender, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, blood gas analysis, and umbilical cord length were recorded. Fetuses with a fetal weight in the 10–90th percentile according to week of gestation were accepted as AGA. Results The mean age of the pregnant women was 27.5±5.3 years. 33% (13/39) of the pregnant women were nulliparous. There was no statistically significant correlation between umbilical vein diameter and other variables in correlation analysis (p>0.050). Umbilical cord length and umbilical vein lactate level were found to have a statistically negative and significant correlation (r=-0.418; p=0.015); however, no other pregnancy outcomes were found to have a significant correlation. There was no statistically significant difference between the median values of umbilical vein diameter and cord length by gender (p=0.076 and 0.181, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, this study found no relationship between umbilical vein diameter and cord length and fetal weight and pregnancy outcome in low-risk 38.0–41.6-week pregnancies (AGA fetuses). However, the obtained results still need to be confirmed by larger series.

scholarly journals Applicability of the Rapid Biophysical Profile in Antepartum Fetal Well-Being Assessment in High-Risk Pregnancies from a University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil: Preliminary Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Mamber Czeresnia ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Eduardo Cordioli ◽  
Wellington P. Martins ◽  
Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Well Being ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Biophysical Profile ◽  
Umbilical Cord Ph

Objective. To evaluate the clinical applicability of the rapid biophysical profile (rBPP), comparing results of the rBPP to umbilical cord pH values and Apgar scores. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 37 pregnant women from our high-risk service. All of them gave birth at our institution. rBPP was conducted up to 24 h prior to delivery and pH values were obtained from the umbilical vein immediately after birth. The mean and standard deviations for maternal age, gestational age at birth, pH values, and Apgar score in the 1st and 5th minutes after birth were calculated. An unpaired Student’s t-test was applied to evaluate the correlation between these variables and rBPP scores of 2 and 4. Results. rBPP score of 2 was observed in 8 patients (21.6%) and score 4 was observed in 29 cases (78.4%). No patients received score zero. The difference between the Apgar scores of the rBPP score 2 and 4 was statistically significant (P<0.01) while the same was not true with the umbilical cord pH (P=0.08), even though the values tended to be lower in the rBPP 2 group. Conclusion. The rBPP is a fast and practical method of assessment of antepartum fetal well-being. Further studies, with a larger number of patients, are necessary to evaluate the applicability of the method.

Fetal growth and development disorders in smoking pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Ekaterina M. Gryzunova ◽  
Alexey N. Baranov ◽  
Andrey G. Solovyov ◽  
Elena V. Kazakevich ◽  
Galina N. Chumakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

BACKGROUND: Due to the increased frequency of smoking in pregnant women, an interest in the study of the mechanisms of the fetoplacental unit in women with tobacco addiction has also been increased all over the world. The effect of low degrees of tobacco addiction of a pregnant woman on the fetus has not been studied in the available literature. AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the growth and developmental abnormalities of the fetus at 30-34 weeks of gestation in smoking pregnant women at the third-trimester ultrasound screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant women, who were observed in the Northern Medical Clinical Center named after N.A. Semashko, Arkhangelsk, Russia were examined during the ultrasound screening. A continuous examination of pregnant women with three ultrasound screenings was carried out, with the third screening performed in 1048 individuals. RESULTS: The survey cohort included 120 pregnant women using the inclusion criteria. Two groups were formed depending on the presence or absence of smoking during pregnancy. The first group contained non-smoking pregnant women (n = 40); the second group comprised smokers during pregnancy (n = 80). Comparison of fetal development parameters in the group of pregnant smokers was carried out in two subgroups: the second a subgroup only consisted of smokers in the first trimester (embryonic period) and the second b subgroup contained smokers throughout pregnancy. All pregnant women who took part in the study signed a Patient Informed Consent form. The study design was observational, cross-sectional (one-step). The main manifestations of fetal growth and development disorders at 30-34 weeks of gestation in pregnant smokers were low estimated fetal weight, low tubular bone length and low head circumference by the gestational age. Low (below the 10th percentile) estimated fetal weight by the gestational age was recorded only in the group of pregnant women who smoke (p = 0.001) and in 90.0% of cases even with a weak degree of tobacco addiction. It was accompanied by low bone sizes and was detected in 10.0% of cases among women who stopped smoking in the first trimester and in 15.0% of cases among those who continued to smoke throughout pregnancy. This result confirmed early symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction of the fetus. Pregnant smokers at 30-34 weeks of gestation had significantly more often low (below the 5th percentile) fetometric parameters characterizing bone growth: femur length (p = 0.01), shinbone length (p = 0.035), shoulder bone length (p = 0.004), biparietal head size (p = 0.006), and head circumference (p = 0.002). Low values of the fetal head circumference were found in 50.0% of cases among pregnant smokers. In the absence of signs of fetal bone growth restriction and the estimated fetal weight in P10-95 values in the group of smoking pregnant women, significantly more often (p = 0.027) than in non-smokers, low (below the 5th percentile) head circumference for gestational age was recorded in 29.8% of cases. In addition, in this group of fetuses of pregnant smokers, elevated ratios of abdominal circumference to head circumference were found, which indicated fetal head growth restriction. The fetometry data obtained were confirmed by anthropometric measurements in the newborns during term delivery, the length of full-term newborns in pregnant smokers being significantly lower (p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: Fetuses of pregnant smokers were more likely to have low fetometric parameters by gestational age. Low estimated weights of the fetuses were found in 90.0% of cases with a weak degree of tobacco addiction.

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