scholarly journals The relationship between umbilical cord measurements and newborn outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Cenk Soysal ◽  
Halil İbrahim Şişman ◽  
İsmail Bıyık ◽  
Özlem Erten ◽  
Burak Deliloğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cord Length

Objective This study investigated the relationship between umbilical vein diameter and cord length and fetal outcome in low-risk pregnancies (fetuses appropriate for gestational age [AGA]). Methods A prospective cohort study of 39 singleton pregnant women aged 19–44 years at between 38+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation was conducted. Case demographics, umbilical vein diameter measured by prenatal ultrasound, postnatal birth weight, gender, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, blood gas analysis, and umbilical cord length were recorded. Fetuses with a fetal weight in the 10–90th percentile according to week of gestation were accepted as AGA. Results The mean age of the pregnant women was 27.5±5.3 years. 33% (13/39) of the pregnant women were nulliparous. There was no statistically significant correlation between umbilical vein diameter and other variables in correlation analysis (p>0.050). Umbilical cord length and umbilical vein lactate level were found to have a statistically negative and significant correlation (r=-0.418; p=0.015); however, no other pregnancy outcomes were found to have a significant correlation. There was no statistically significant difference between the median values of umbilical vein diameter and cord length by gender (p=0.076 and 0.181, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, this study found no relationship between umbilical vein diameter and cord length and fetal weight and pregnancy outcome in low-risk 38.0–41.6-week pregnancies (AGA fetuses). However, the obtained results still need to be confirmed by larger series.

scholarly journals Relationship between Sonographic Umbilical cord Diameter and Gestational Age in Third Trimester of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Sara Essam ALdabouly ◽  
Mohamed Mohsen El Namori ◽  
Mona Khaled Omar ◽  
Essmat Hamdy AboZeid
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Background: Throughout the fourth week of embryonic development the umbilical cord (UC) is formed, which corresponds to the fifth to the twelfth weeks of gestation. Fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have leaner UCs than fetuses of appropriate gestational age do, and the caliber of the umbilical vein decreases significantly, resulting in a worsening of the Doppler parameters of the umbilical artery in the mother. The goal of this study was to evaluate the significance of sonographic UC diameter in determining gestational age in third trimester in pregnant women. Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional research on 300 pregnant women aged range between (20-35) years, singleton gestation, gestational age (3rd) trimester estimated from antenatal mothers last menstrual period (LMP), viable fetus, presenting to obstetrics and gynecology department at Tanta university hospital. Results: Highly statistically significant positive correlation between UC diameter and gestational age, BPD, FL, AC, AFI, and estimated fetal weight was found. The increase in UC diameter was positively and significantly correlated with the increase in gestational age and estimated fetal weight, indicating that those who have prolonged gestational age and estimated fetal weight are more likely to have wider UC diameter. Conclusions: The UC diameter (UCD) has the potential to be a valuable indicator of fetal growth, well-being, and perinatal outcome. Sonographic measurement of UC diameter could be an efficient method of measuring fetal growth and predicting gestational age (GA), particularly between 28-40 weeks GA. It is possible that abnormal UC diameter can be a strong indicator to identify antenatal mothers at risk for IUFD and poor fetal outcomes.

Validation of Several Methods of Estimating Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Young Men

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars McNaughton ◽  
Phil Hall ◽  
Dean Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Accurate Predictor ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Treadmill Protocol ◽  
Shuttle Run

The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate predictor of VO2max from a variety of running tests. 32 young adult male undergraduates of (mean ± SE) age 20.14 ± 0.34 yr., height 179.4 ± 1.8 cm, weight 73.7±2.8 kg, and VO2max 57.89 ± 1.1 ml · kg−1 · min.−1 were randomly tested on four different predictive VO2max running tests to assess their actual VO2max, based on a continuous, progressive treadmill protocol and obtained via gas analysis. The four tests consisted of a treadmill jogging test, 1.5 mile run, Cooper's 12-min. run, and the 20-m progressive shuttle-run test. An analysis of variance applied to means indicated significance. Post hoc analysis between the means with correction by Scheffé showed significant difference between the predictive submaximal treadmill jogging test and the 12-min. run but no other difieren .es. The strength of the relationship between predictive tests and VO2max varied, wit1 the 12-min run having the highest correlation of .87, followed by the 1.5 mile rur .87, 20-m progressive shuttle run .82, and the treadmill jogging test .50. The 12-min. run had the highest correlation of all tests with VO2max in young men, with active to trained levels of fitness. The 1.5 mile and 20-m shuttle run also provided accurate predictions of VO2max and so should be used for an accurate prediction of young men's VO2max.

scholarly journals Adiponectin Concentration in Umbilical Cord Serum Is Positively Associated with the Weight Ratio of Fetus to Placenta

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 5090-5094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Kadowaki ◽  
Masako Waguri ◽  
Isao Nakanishi ◽  
Yoshihiro Miyashita ◽  
Masahiro Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Context: Adiponectin (APN) concentration in umbilical cord serum is higher than that in adult serum. Except for the positive association between birth weight and cord APN concentration, little is known about the pathophysiological function of APN in fetal development. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of cord serum APN and IGF-I concentrations with the development of the fetoplacental unit. Design and Methods: Umbilical cord serum APN and IGF-I concentrations were measured in term singleton deliveries (n = 94). The association of cord APN and IGF-I concentrations was evaluated in relation to fetal weight, placental weight, and fetoplacental (F/P) weight ratio. Results: Mean concentrations and sd of APN and IGF-I were 36.1 ± 14.0 μg/ml and 58.6 ± 27.0 ng/ml, respectively. Cord APN concentration was positively associated with F/P weight ratio (r = 0.375, P < 0.001) as well as fetal weight (r = 0.389, P < 0.001) but not placental weight. Cord IGF-I concentration was positively associated with fetal weight (r = 0.405, P < 0.001) and placental weight (r = 0.400, P < 0.001) but not F/P weight ratio. In multiregression analysis, only APN concentration resulted in a significant determinant of F/P weight ratio among variables (β = 0.376, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In cord hyperadiponectinemia, fetuses tend to be disproportionately larger for their placental weight and vice versa in cord hypoadiponectinemia. APN is shown to be the first biomarker positively associated with F/P weight ratio.

PROGESTERONE, 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE AND 20β-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE IN MOTHER AND CHILD AT BIRTH

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Runnebaum ◽  
I. Stöber ◽  
J. Zander
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Umbilical Arteries

ABSTRACT In 14 healthy pregnant women at term progesterone (P) and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP) were determined by radioimmunoassay both in the maternal and foetal compartments. The average concentrations were as follows (ng/ml blood or ng/g wet weight tissue): peripheral maternal blood P 56 ± 26, 20α-DHP 16 ± 8; placental tissue P 2514 ± 1516, 20α-DHP 429 ± 412; placental blood P 365 ± 160, 20α-DHP 35 ± 18; blood of the umbilical vein P 388 ± 121, 20α-DHP 33 ± 15; blood of the umbilical arteries P 162 ± 62, 20α-DHP 28 ± 10. In 5 healthy pregnant women at term progesterone (P), 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP) and 20β-dihydroprogesterone (20β-DHP) were also determined by gas-liquid chromatography both in the maternal and foetal compartments. The average concentrations were as follows (ng/ml plasma or ng/g wet weight tissue): peripheral maternal plasma P 129 ± 49, 20α-DHP 15 ± 15, 20β-DHP 1.7 ± 0.9; placental tissue P 5060 ± 1435, 20α-DHP 230 ± 158, 20β-DHP 38 ± 30; placental plasma P 723 ± 245, 20α-DHP 24 ± 13, 20β-DHP 1.0 ± 0.1; plasma of the umbilical vein P 704 ± 227, 20α-DHP 17 ± 3, 20β-DHP 1.2 ± 0.3; plasma of the umbilical arteries P 324 ± 94, 20α-DHP 17 ± 5, 20β-DHP 2.6 ± 2.1 These results show that, contrary to the progesterone concentrations, no significant difference exists in the concentrations of 20α-DHP and 20β-DHP between the blood from the umbilical vein and arteries. Furthermore, no significant difference could be found in the concentrations of P and 20α-DHP between the sexes in either the blood from the umbilical vein or from the umbilical arteries.

scholarly journals The effects of body mass index, smoking and anemia on fetal birth weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin Çintesun ◽  
Feyza Nur İncesu Çintesun ◽  
Meltem Aydoğdu ◽  
Emine Taşkın ◽  
Mete Can Ateş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
Smoking Group

Objective: Fetal growth is an important indicator of fetal health. Low birth weight (LBW) is also associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Numerous factors that affect fetal weight have been identified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of body mass index, smoking, and anemia on fetal birth weight on term pregnant women who had vaginal delivery in our clinic. Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. This study included patients who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery at our hospital between January 1st, 2018, and June 15th, 2020. Measurements of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels during birth supported the diagnosis of anemia. Hb levels were compared in three categories in this study: (1) Hb<10 g/dL; (2) ≥10<11 g/dL; and (3) Hb ≥11 g/dL. Anemia was defined as having a Hb level <11 mg/dL. Birth weight was categorized as LBW <2500 g; normal birth weight (NBW) as ≥2500–3999 g, and macrosomia as ≥4000 g. Results: Analysis was performed on 1428 pregnant women. There was a statistically significant difference for the Hct and Hb subgroups between the groups (p<0.05). Fetal birth weight was found higher in the non-smoking group than in the smoking group (3302.1± 381.5 g vs. 2839.7±491.5 g; p<0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and Hb levels positively predicted fetal birth weight (β=0.134; p<0.001 and β=0.051; p=0.046), smoking was negatively predicted fetal birth weight (β=-0.245; p<0.001). Conclusion: BMI, Hb levels, and smoking status during mothers’ delivery are effective on fetal weight. Smoking was the strongest predictor of fetal birth weight compared with the other variables.

scholarly journals Exposure to BTEX and Assessment of the Potential Risk among Pregnant Residents Living in the Vicinity of a Petro-chemical Industrial Estate

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Santi Keadthongthawee ◽  
Nipa Maharachpong ◽  
Sirirat Chanvaivit ◽  
Nalinee Sripaung ◽  
Nantaporn Phatrabuddha
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hippuric Acid ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This research was conducted to estimate exposure and risk of exposure to BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene)by a cross-sectional studying among pregnant women who lived in the vicinity of a petro-chemical industrial estatearea. Personal exposure was monitored by environmental and biological sampling.Other relevant data were gathered by a structured questionnaire for analysis. The relationship between BTEX exposure and potential risk factors was determined by multiple linear regression. Average BTEX exposure levels were 18.89, 29.40, 10.26, and 17.85μg m-3, respectively, which were significantlyhigher than the control group. Urinary metabolite levels of muconic acid(t,t-MA), hippuric acid (HA),mandelic acid (MA), andmethyl-hippuric acid (mHA)were significantly higher in pregnant residents living in the vicinity of the petro-chemical industrial estate area.The correlation between women’s individual exposure to BTEX and theirurinary metabolites showed significantlydifference between groups.Risks of benzene and ethylbenzene exposure for these pregnant subjects were approximately 4.37x10-7 and 1.92x10-8lower than the acceptable limits of United States Environmental Protection Agency(US.EPA.) guidelines(10-6). The hazard index (HI) of these pregnant subjects a lifetime rate was 0.555 which was below the reference level(HI < 1).Multiple linear regression analysis found that t,t-MA, HA, MA, and mHAin the urine of all models were significantly (p<0.05)and positively related with BTEX in ambient air.The study showed that there was a low cancer risk for pregnant women in the petro-chemical industrial estatezone. However, when compared with the control area, a statistically significant difference was found in the relationship between BTEX content in ambient air and metabolites in the urine of pregnantwomen. The implication is that the responsible government agencies should implement health surveillancecontinuously.

scholarly journals Heme Oxygenase1 Level in Normotensive Pregnancy and Preeclampsia with Severe Features

2017 ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Christian Homenta ◽  
John J Wantania ◽  
Juneke J Kaeng
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
P Value ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normotensive Pregnancy

Objective: To understand the relationship of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) level between normotensive pregnancy and preeclampsia with severe features. Method: The cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado. The subjects consisted of 26 pregnant women with normal blood pressure and 26 women with severe features of preeclampsia. We took the patients’ history, general physical examination, and laboratory assessment. The blood samples were taken from normotensive women more than 20 weeks of pregnancy and preeclamptic women with severe features more than 20 weeks of pregnancy. The data obtained was processed using SPSS 20.0 software. We did the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test to analyze the relationship between heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) level in normotensive pregnancy and preeclampsia with severe features. Result: The level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in normotensive pregnant women was at 3.24 (SD 0.58) ng/ml (95% CI 3.00-3.47), and the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) of preeclamptic women with severe features was 3.92 (SD 0.73) ng/ml (95% CI 3.62-4.21). The result of Mann-Whitney test showed p value of 0.001 which meant that there was significant difference in the level of heme oxygenase- 1 (HO-1) between normotensive women and pre-eclamptic women with severe features. Conclusion: There was the relationship between the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the incidence of preeclampsia with severe features. Keywords: heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), normotensive pregnancy, preeclampsia with severe features

scholarly journals To Estimate the Importance of Wharton’s Jelly in the Growth of the Foetus – A Light Microscopic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 3024-3029
Author(s):  
Sreekumar Rajasekharan ◽  
UmesanKannanvilakom Govindapillai ◽  
Manju Madhavan C. ◽  
Suja R. S. ◽  
Swapna T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Single Umbilical Artery ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein with their tunica intima and tunica media layers. The role of tunica adventitia is fulfilled by Wharton’s jelly, a mucoid connective tissue. The function of Wharton’s jelly is to prevent the vessels from compression and torsion which is essential for foetal development. The purpose of the study was to estimate the importance of Wharton’s jelly in the growth of the foetus. METHODS Umbilical cord tissue collected from each case was immediately put in 10 % formalin for fixation. Slides were then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. These slides were then read under light microscopy and measurements were taken using a photomicrograph. Wharton’s jelly area was calculated by subtracting the total vessel area from the umbilical cord area. RESULTS The histological measurements of umbilical vessels include the external diameter, lumen diameter, wall thickness, thickness of tunica intima and tunica media, and the area. The mean area of the umbilical cord was 35.73 ±23.04 mm2 (Mean ± SD) and the mean area of the Wharton’s jelly was 29.74 ± 19.26 mm2. There was a significant difference in the external diameter and wall thickness of the umbilical artery. Analyses showed that there was a significantly (P < 0.01) increased external diameter and wall thickness of umbilical artery in normal cases, compared to single umbilical artery cases. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant positive correlation between the gestational age and the external diameter of the umbilical cord. There was a significant difference in the external diameter of the umbilical cord between SUA cases (4.45 mm) and the other foetuses with normal umbilical cord (6.53 mm). There was a significantly increased external diameter, lumen diameter, wall thickness and area of umbilical vein in normal cases, compared to single umbilical artery cases. There was a significantly increased area of umbilical cord and area of Wharton’s jelly in normal umbilical cord foetuses than foetuses with a single umbilical artery. KEY WORDS Foetus, Umbilical Cord, Wharton’s Jelly, Umbilical Artery, Umbilical Vein, Light Microscopy

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