Effect of Breed and Sex on Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
I. M. Chana ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
O. Orunmuyi ◽  
A. A. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Linear Body

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of breed and sex on body weight and linear body measurements of 100 Turkeys which included 50 Norfolk and 50 Mammoth breeds each. Study Design and Duration: The experiment lasted for 20 weeks during which the performance parameters were monitored in 100 Turkeys using completely randomized design. Methodology: The body weight and linear measurements were taken at an interval of two weeks (i.e. day 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks). Parameters monitored were shank length (cm), back length (cm), chest girth (cm), neck length (cm), thigh length, and wing length and body weight. Results: Result obtained showed that there where significant differences (P<0.05) in body weight across the breed with Norfolk having 2.70±0.04 and Mammoth 2.55±0.04. The linear measurements studied (body length, neck length, back length, shank length, thigh length, wing length, and chest girth) showed that the Norfolk had superiority over the Mammoth breed. Conclusion: Result showed remarkable and better growth performance of male turkeys than their female counterparts for all traits and ages. Also, higher values in linear body parameters noted in males.

scholarly journals Explorative analysis of relationships among breed, growth traits, prices and sex of sheep using structural equation modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
A. O. Iyiola-Tunji ◽  
D. Baba ◽  
W. Buba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Livestock Markets ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Linear Body

The dynamics of factors that cumulate to determine the prices of sheep during festive periods (Eid al-Adha) are known. However, such factors that dictate prices during off-season (non-festivity periods) are not fully known. Structural equation modeling as a multivariate analytical tool is capable of bringing out the latent (hidden) factors responsible for price determination for sheep. Prices, body weight and linear body measurements of 621 sheep of both sexes consisting of Balami, Sudanese, Uda and Yankasa breeds were used to examine relationships among the variables. The sheep were obtained from Unguwa Uku, Dorayi, Kara, Bachirawa, Yankaba, Mariri and Kabara livestock markets in Municipal, Taruauni, Gmale, Nassarawa, Fagge and Dala Local Government Areas of Kano State. Body weights, neck length, back length, leg length, height at wither, loin girth and chest girth were parameters monitored. The data obtained were subjected to generalized least squares (GLS) estimator of a triangular seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model. Maximum likelihood estimation method of structural equation modelling was used to generate parameter estimates through recursive system with correlated errors (SEM Command Language). Price of sheep is an observed variable while type and body parameters were generated as latent variables. Type as a latent variable had direct relationships with breed, sex and body weight class. Body parameter on the other hand had direct relationships with body weight and all the linear body measurements. The z-values were 2.9 for breed, 2.8 for sex and 2.5 for body weight class, others are 4.6 for birth weight, 1.9 for neck length, 4.1 for back length, 6.8 for loin, 7.4 for chest girth, 8.3 for height at wither and 6.1 for leg length. Simultaneous prediction equations for estimating prices of sheep had been generated for some selected livestock markets in Kano State.

Studies on linear body measurements of gaolao calves in the breeding tract of Maharashtra

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. U. Wagh ◽  
B. M. Thombre ◽  
A. T. Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
Linear Body

The body measurement and body weight of Gaolao calves at various stages of growth were studied for both male and female at different location in the breeding tract. The idea is to obtain the real picture of the breed in the breeding tract. The body measurements play an important role in judging calves and often help in predicting probable value of the calves. Body length and height at wither are the measures of bone growth while chest girth is measures of development of muscles, bone and fat and it has close relationship with the live body weight.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of Arab and Oromo goats in northwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumer Sheriff ◽  
Kefyalew Alemayehu ◽  
Aynalem Haile
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Chest Girth

Abstract Background An exploratory field research was conducted in northwestern Ethiopia, to characterize the morphological features of Arab and Oromo goat populations as an input to design community-based breeding programs. Ten qualitative and nine quantitative traits were considered from 747 randomly selected goats. All data collected during the study period were analyzed using R statistical software. Results Plain white coat color was predominantly observed in Arab goats (33.72%) while plain brown (deep and light) coat color was the most frequent in Oromo goats (27.81%). The morphometric measurements indicated that Oromo goats have significantly higher body weight and linear body measurements than Arab goats. Positive, strong and highly significant correlations were obtained between body weight and most of the body measurements in both goat populations. The highest correlation coefficients of chest girth with body weight for Arab (r  =  0.95) and Oromo (r  =  0.92) goat populations demonstrated a strong association between these variables. Live body weight could be predicted with regression equations of y  =  − 33.65  +  0.89  ×  for Arab goats (R2  =  90) and y  =  − 37.55  +  0.94  ×  for Oromo goats (R2  =  85), where y and x are body weight and chest girth, respectively, in these goat types. Conclusions The morphological variations obtained in this study could be complemented by performance data and molecular characterization using DNA markers to guide the overall goat conservation and formulation of appropriate breeding and selection strategies.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of Arab and Oromo goats in northwestern Ethiopia: implications for community-based breeding programs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumer Sheriff ◽  
Kefyalew Alemayehu ◽  
Aynalem Haile
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chest Girth

Abstract Background: An exploratory field research was conducted in Northwestern Ethiopia, to characterize the morphological features of Arab and Oromo goat populations as a first step to design breeding programs. Ten qualitative and nine quantitative traits were considered from 747 randomly selected goats. All data collected during the study period were analyzed using R statistical software, version 3.5.2, 2018. Results: Plain white coat color was predominantly observed in Arab goats (33.72%) while plain brown (deep and light) coat color was the most frequent in Oromo goats (27.81%). The morphometric measurements indicated that Oromo goats have significantly (P < 0.001) higher body weight and linear body measurements than Arab goats. Positive, strong and highly significant (P < 0.001) correlations were obtained between body weight and most of the body measurements in both goat populations. The highest correlation coefficients of chest girth with body weight for Arab (r = 0.95) and Oromo (r = 0.92) goat populations demonstrated a strong association between these variables. Live body weight could be predicted with regression equations of y = -33.65 + 0.89x for Arab goats (R2 = 90) and y = -37.55 + 0.94x for Oromo goats (R2 = 85), where y and x are body weight and chest girth, respectively, in these goat types. Conclusions: The morphological variations obtained in this study could be complemented by performance data and molecular characterization using DNA markers to guide the overall goat conservation and formulation of appropriate breeding and selection strategies.

scholarly journals Measurement of Several Bodies Parts of Super Kampong Chicken Reared Intensively

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasil Tamzil ◽  
Budi Indarsih
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
The Right ◽  
Female Chicken

The study was designed to determine the size of some body parts of the Super Kampong chicken and its relationship with body weight. The study was conducted at the Teaching Farm of Animal Science Faculty, University of Mataram, in Lingsar Village, West Lombok. The study used 60 male and 96 female Super Kampong chickens which were maintained intensively. The variables observed were body weight, head circumference, neck length, wing length, back length, chest circumference, chest width, upper and lower thigh length, metatarsus length, metatarsus circumference, and third finger length. Measurements were made for each individual bird at 13 weeks of age using yarn then measured with a tape measure, while the dimension of chest width was assigned  by measuring the distance between the right and right sides of the chest using calipers. The results found that the body parts that had the biggest contribution to the body weight of the Super Kampong chickens at 13 weeks old were the size of the lower thigh length in the male chicken and the size of the chest circumference in the female chicken.

scholarly journals Evaluation of early growth performance of backcross progenies from crossbred gilts mated with their native parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
P. E. Nwaku ◽  
M. O. Otuma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
State University ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Body

The pre weaning growth performance of piglets from four different cross bred dams mated back to their native parents was studied in the Breeding and Research Farm of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Parameters like body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency as well as linear body measurements of body length, heart girth and height  at withers were taken and observed for growth between birth and weaning age of eight weeks. Results Results indicated significant differences (P<0.05) between the main backcross N x (N x LR) and the three other genotypes of N x (N x LW), N x (LR x N) and N x (LW x N) in all parameters. The mean birth weight of the progenies ranged from 1.00±0.60 to 1.60±5kg while the weaning weights were 10.5±0.4 to 16.0±1.0kg respectively. Results further revealed that body weight at weaning correlated responsively with all parameters and these include body length (r=0.858), heart girth (r= 0.446) and height at the withers (r= 0.946). Similarly, body length has a positive correlation with heart girth (r= 0.477) and height at the withers (r= 0.827) whereas hear girth correlated positively with the height at the withers (r= 0.494). Similar trend were obtained in the regression of each of the body measurements on the other in which bodyweight changes depended more on that of body length (0.86) than on heart girth (0.45). Judging from the observed variations existing among the piglets resulting from differnt crossbreed dams in their pre-weaning growth performance, maternal rather than paternal influences appeared to be more important in the traits studied.   

scholarly journals Correlation of milk intake and body weight with linear body measurements of white Fulani calves in semi-intensive system of management

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
B. I. Umoh ◽  
U. M. Okon ◽  
J. S. Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
Linear Body ◽  
Intensive System

Body weight of animals in the rural areas has not been accurately ascertained due to lack of accurate measurement scales, hence this experiment. The study was conducted to determine the correlation between milk intake and body weight with linear body measurements in white Fulani calves raised in semi-intensive system of management. A total of seven (7) white Fulani calves managed semi-intensively was used for the study. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. The overall mean±SEM value for milk intake, body weight, neck circumference, neck length, body length, body circumference, girth circumference, height at wither and tail length were 1.20±0.40g, 5.18±1.02kg, 21.54±0.66cm, 13.23±0.21cm, 28.36±0.31cm, 36.41±0.43cm, 35.84±0.37cm, 35.87±0.43cm and 23.43±0.39cm respectively. There was significant (P<0.05) effect of lactation stage on all body measurements taken except for neck circumference and tail length. Correlation between all body pairs of measurements were high, positive and highly significant (P<0.05). The highest correlation was recorded for body length, body circumference, girth circumference and height at wither. Linear function provided the best fit for milk intake weight and linear body measurements indicating that body measurements can be used for selection and the estimation of body weight in the fields where accurate scales are not usually available. It is recommended that any of the body measurement parameters could be used in the estimation of the body weight. Also, an improvement of non-genetic factor such as nutrition and general husbandry of the animal as much as possible will bring about improvement in the body parameters as well as maintaining the animal's physiological balance.

PSIII-5 Predicting live weight using linear body measurements in growing beef calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
Vanessa Rotondo ◽  
Dan Tulpan ◽  
Katharine M Wood ◽  
Marlene Paibomesai ◽  
Vern R Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Machine Learning Models ◽  
Linear Body

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate how linear body measurements relate to and can be used to predict calf body weight using linear and machine learning models. To meet these objectives, a total of 103 Angus cross calves were enrolled in the study from wk 2 - 8. Calves were weighed and linear measurements were collected weekly, such as: poll to nose, width across the eyes (WE), width across the right ear, neck length, wither height, heart girth (HG), midpiece height (MH), midpiece circumference, midpiece width (MW), midpiece depth (MD), hook height, hook width, pin height, top of pin bones width (PW), width across the ends of pin bones, nose to tail body length, the length between the withers and pins, forearm to hoof, cannon bone to hoof. These measurements were taken using a commercial soft tape measure and calipers. To assess relationships between traits and to fit a model to predict BW, data were analyzed using the Weka (The University of Waikato, New Zealand) software using both linear regression (LR) and random forest (RF) machine learning models. The models were trained using a 10-fold cross-validation approach. The automatically derived LR model used 11 traits to fit the data to weekly BW (r2 = 0.97), where the traits with the highest coefficients were HG, PW and WE. The RF model improved further the BW predictions (r2= 0.98). Additionally, sex differences were examined. Although the BW model continued to fit well (r2 0.97), some of the top linear traits differed. The results of this study suggest that linear models built on linear measurements can accurately estimate body weight in beef calves, and that machine learning can further improve the model fit.

Diversity of biometric and morphological traits among sheep breeds in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
R. O Okeke ◽  
B. I Nwagu ◽  
A. O Iyiola-Tunji ◽  
P. A. John
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Body

Towards assessment of variations within and between sheep; biometric and morphological data of the four breeds of sheep found in Nigeria were collected using multi-stage samplin method. A total of 46 Balami, 30 Uda, 36 Yankasa and 37 WAD were sampled. Stepwise multiple regression procedure was used to find the best linear combination of metric variables that best predict the body weight. Principal component analysis of biometric and morphological traits was carried out. Simple discriminant analysis procedure was used to classify the breeds. Cluster analysis was done using the model building specificationinterface. Head length (HL), chest girth (CG), leg length (LL), and tail length were the only linear body measurements that were significant (P<0.01) in predicting body weight of sheep in the overall prediction equation. Body weight and all the linear body measurements had their highest loadings on principal component 1 (PC1). Tassel was the only variable that had its highest loading on PC2. Tail type and state (location) were the variables that bestdescribes the third component (PC3). Sex and hair type were variables that best described the forth component (PC4). Discriminant analysis showed that 70.59% of sheep sampled as Balami were classified as pure breed. Sheep sampled as WAD and Yankasa had 100% conformation while Balami and Uda had 70.59% and 60%, respectively in conformation to the classifying features of their breed based on discriminant analysis. The farthest genetic distance (5.48) was observed between Balami and WAD while the shortest genetic distance (1.26) was observed between Balami and Uda. Improvement of growth traits of sheep breedsin Nigeria is recommended through the use of either Balami or Uda as sire and either WAD or Yankasa as dam.

scholarly journals Body weight, body measurements and slaughter characteristics of Madura cattle raised in Pamekasan District, East Java Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
PENI WAHYU PRIHANDINI ◽  
DYAH MAHARANI ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Meat Weight ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Female Cattle

Abstract. Prihandini PW, Maharani D, Sumadi. 2020. Body weight, body measurements, and slaughter characteristics of Madura cattle raised in Pamekasan District, East Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3415-3421.  This study was designed to analyze the body weight, body measurements and slaughter characteristics of Madura cattle raised in Pamekasan district, East Java province, Indonesia. A total of 2,373 records on live body weight and body measurements (body length, height at withers and chest girth), and 69 records on slaughter traits (slaughter, carcass, and meat weight, as well as carcass and meat percentage) from both sexes were used. Sampled animals were divided into three groups based on age (calf: 0- to10-month-old; young: 11- to 24-month-old; adult: >24-month-old). The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test to assess significant differences between sex groups and subjected to multiple linear regression analyses to obtain prediction equations of body weight from body measurements, carcass weight from slaughter weight, and meat weight from slaughter- and carcass-weight. Results showed that body weight, height at withers, and chest girth between male and female cattle in all age groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Male cattle showed higher slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass percentage mean values than female cattle. Body measurements showed high correlation with body weight (r ≥0.80). Height at withers, body length, and chest girth represented good body measurements to predict body weight (R2 = from 0.65 to 0.83). Moreover, as observed, high correlations between slaughter weight and carcass- (r = 0.94; R2 = 0.89) and meat-weight (r = 0.99; R2 = 0.98) would imply that meat weight could be predicted accurately from slaughter- and carcass-weight.

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