scholarly journals Forecasting Solar PV Demand Split and Fuel Wood Usage Reduction in Eriti and Oke-Agunla Villages in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Olalekan Aquila Jesuleye
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Household Data ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Local Dialect

The study examined solar photovoltaic demand split and fuel wood usage reduction in Eriti and Oke-Agunla villages, that were among the pilot sites for solar electrification programs in the western ecological region of Nigeria. It used questionnaire techniques to elicit information in the local dialect of the respondents, on alternative energy sources for provision of energy services from each of the household's heads, representing solar PV users, in all the 371 households that constitute about 13.4 percent of the 2,778 dwellers in the two villages, for the base year 2020. Specifically, at the rate of the observed 8 dwellers per household, data were obtained from 179 respondents, out of a total of 1,434 dwellers in Eriti village. Likewise, at the rate of the observed 7 dwellers per household, data were also obtained from 192 respondents, out of a total of 1,344 dwellers in Oke-Agunla village. Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MADE-II) was used for the study. The study showed that the total lighting demand share for solar PV in each of the villages’ total energy demand mix in 2020 was insignificantly low at 5.1 percent share in Eriti village and 6.1 percent share in Oke-Agunla village. Contrariwise, firewood demand maintained as high as 94 and 92 percent share for Eriti and Oke-Agunla villages respectively in the total energy demand mix and by 2030, in Oke-Agunla village, 3-stones-firewood stoves demand for cooking fell drastically from 77% to 30% share, whereas improved firewood stoves demand for cooking rose astronomically from 11% share in 2020 to 45% share by 2030. Nigerian government should adopt such best policy intervention scenario for all the rural areas in the country.

scholarly journals Solar PV Tree: Shade-Free Design and Cost Analysis Considering Indian Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varaprasad JANAMALA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Basketball Court ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, the performance and the cost-effectiveness of a solar PV tree for supplying the energy demand of a flood lighting system at a basketball court in the School of Engineering and Technology, Christ (Deemed to be University) at Bangalore, India, are analyzed. Also, the energy demand of a flood lighting system for year 2017 is estimated (16 kWh/day), and the design of 4 individual trees of 1 kWp each is proposed, which saves around 40 sq.m area of land near to the basketball court. The experimental data was collected from June 1st, 2018 to May 31st, 2019, using a data acquisition system and processed to calculate the monthly cost of energy produced by each tree. In order to reduce the complexity in design and allow it to be shade-free, all the panels of a tree were oriented at the same azimuth angle. Based on technical and economical assessments with respect to rooftop systems, the solar PV tree presented reasonable results and could be a future adoptable technology for high population density areas, as well as for remote applications. Later, the adoptability of the proposed solar PV tree was simulated for 2 kWp, considering the climatic conditions of 2020, for different rural and urban locations of India. From the techno-economic-environmental analysis, it is highlighted that the annual energy yield is more with the solar PV tree model than with a land-mounted SPV system. The cost savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction are also higher with the proposed oak tree-based solar PV tree in urban areas than in rural areas recommending it for practical applications.

scholarly journals Performance of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic–Diesel Generator and Battery Storage Design for Rural Electrification in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-893
Author(s):  
Amanda Halim ◽  
Ahmad Fudholi ◽  
Kamarulzzaman Sopian ◽  
Stephen J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Set Up

In recent years, the concept of hybrid energy systems (HESs) has been widely considered in the rural electrification of isolated or off-grid areas. Many cases have been studied since 2015, and the results indicate that an optimally designed HES is more reliable and economical than single energy source systems. Serving electricity to rural areas which are isolated from the central grid and thus suffer from lack of access requires an appropriate technology selection. In the provision of non-fluctuating electricity to a village on an island located in Mersing, Malaysia, solar energy is perceived to be the best addition to the existing power system that runs with a diesel generator as the main and single source. The area receives 4.46 kWhm−2 of solar radiation per day on average having the hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery system set up to supply the energy demand from about 16 households with other public buildings. This paper discusses the feasibility of the proposed system design for rural electrification at Kg Teluk Berhala, Aur Island Mersing, Malaysia and its performance is analysed using HOMER Pro®. A comparative analysis against existing configuration (baseline) and hypothetical configuration was conducted in justifying the hybrid-PV-diesel-battery as the best option for this rural electrification.

scholarly journals “GREEN” COOPERATIVES IN THE FORMATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE POWER ENGINEERING IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shpykuliak ◽  
Ilona Bilokinna
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Engineering ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Alternative Power ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

The essence of energy cooperatives and their value in a power system of the country is investigated in this article. The aim of this article is to investigate the role of “green” cooperatives in the institutional mechanism of alternative energy development in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. The object of the study is the green cooperatives of alternative energy in Ukraine. The subject of the study is green cooperatives and their role in the development of the alternative energy in Ukraine’s agrarian sector. The methodology of this study is to use the institutional approach in the study of green energy cooperatives as an integral part of the institutional mechanism for the development of alternative energy in the agrarian sector. The basic concept “cooperation” and derivative “power cooperative” from the point of view of various authors are studied and our own explanation of the term “green power cooperative” is given. The condition of the development of alternative power engineering in Ukraine is investigated. Production and use of alternative energy sources in Ukraine have begun since 2007. In Ukraine, there operate 432 objects of the renewable power industry in Ukraine, to which the green tariff with a general power of 1534 MW is established. The most energy consumed is biofuel and waste, while the second place is the consumption of hydropower and the third is the consumption of wind and solar energy. The agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy has considerable potential for the development of renewable power as a rather developed branch of poultry farming and livestock production is favourable for the development of bioenergetics. Researches have shown that at this stage of development, it is possible to construct 1425 biogas installations on livestock and poultry-farming farms. For the last few years, there is an active construction of solar power stations. The biggest number of solar power stations is in the Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Ternopil regions. In this article, the institutional mechanism for the development of alternative power engineering is investigated. The main normative legal acts known as formal institutes which regulate renewable power in the country, namely laws, orders, strategy are considered. Such elements of the institutional mechanism as the organizations controlling and structuring the development of alternative energy sources, including the agrarian sphere of the national economy are analysed. The need for creation of green power cooperatives is proved and also an example of the successful experience of foreign countries in green power cooperation, namely such countries as Great Britain and Germany, is given. In Ukraine, such a form of the organization of activity as green power cooperation only begins to develop. In difficult economic and ecological conditions and conditions of the volatility of creation of green power cooperatives, it will allow solving a number of problems which are present now, including in the agrarian sector. However, there are barriers of institutional character which don’t allow the population to create power cooperatives fully. In this case, only the state due to the creation of the effective institutional mechanism can help solve a difficult situation. Besides, there is a need for simplifying the process of creation of green power cooperatives and releasing from the statement of a lot of tariffs. Increase in the number of green power cooperatives in the agrarian sphere is a basis for overcoming volatility of the population in rural areas, increases in their profitability and reduction of expenses. Conclusions. Green cooperatives play a major role in shaping the institutional mechanism of alternative energy development in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. Because rural people are only able to ensure their energy independence through the creation of green cooperatives, reduce the cost of purchasing energy resources, and also earn money selling produced energy and fuel. This will help not only increase the production and use of alternative energy sources in the agricultural sector of the country but will also greatly affect the development of rural areas.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Rural Electrification Framework using Photovoltaic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Solar Pv System

The need to electrify all rural areas in India is quite compelling. However, the focus has now shifted from traditional fuel-based systems to generate electricity to renewable sources for energy generation. Though there are subsidies and policies that encourage the use of solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems, there is a need for an appropriate framework. This framework could not only offer substantial directions but it would also act as grounds to enhance rural electrification in India using solar PVs. From this perspective, the current research attempts to structure an innovative framework for solar PV system that could facilitate rural electrification in India. In particular, the district of Damoh in Madhya Pradesh was chosen as there are many villages without electricity in this district. PVsyst software was utilized to simulate the outcomes that included mathematical models and diverse components based on PV, for simulation. Three designs were developed to facilitate the simulation. These included; PVs linked with microgrid devoid of battery, individual PV systems without microgrid link and solar PVs linked to microgrid with battey. The framework for rural electrification using solar PVs will offer policy makers with insights with regards to implementing PV systems. It will also offer inputs as to the feasibility of implementing a specific system on several parameters. These would comprise of; number of households within a village, detached households etc. Nonetheless, research in future is also warranted to explore the scope for other sources of renewable energy.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY AUTONOMY OF THE AIC DUE TO THE USE OF BIOFUELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna HONCHARUK ◽  
Inna TOMASHUK
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Live Stock

It has been substatiated in the article that renewable energy sources have recently become one of the important criteria for the sustainable development of rural areas. The emphasis is placed on the search for new and improved existing technologies for the production of alternative energy sources, expansion of their implementation areas. It is substantiated that the main reasons for such attention to the energy supply of rural territories are expected exhaustion of fossile fuels resourses, sharp increase in their prices, imperfections and low efficiency of their use technologies, harmful effects on the environment. It is shown that the situation of energy dependence can be changed by conducting the corresponding energy policy, improving the regulatory framework and attracting investment in the development of non-traditional and renewable energy sources. It is highlighted that Ukraine has sufficient opportunities to provide an adequate amount of biofuels, primarily through the use of biomass potential of agricultural crops and fast-growing energy crops. It is researched that in conditions of a complex socio-economic situation in Ukraine, a significant energy dependence on energy imports, the search for alternative energy sources is of particular relevance. It is estimated that Ukraine is among the dozens of countries - the largest consumers of energy resources, with a small share in the structure of the world's product. It is proved that energy saving today becomes one of the most important priorities of socio-economic development in the national and regional dimensions. The necessary condition for successful work in national and world agrarian markets is constant work on increasing the competitiveness of products, in particular, reducing its value by reducing the energy intensity of production. It is substantiated that agricultural producers are actively working on the issue of reducing energy consumption per unit of output. It is determined that the majority of these measures is aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, increasing productivity of the livestock sector, technical and technological re-equipment of the production process. It was emphasized that special attention should be paid to the branches of animal husbandry, because this industry is a serious source of alternative energy production. This applies not only the large live-stock producing agro-holdings but also the small households that operate in rural areas, for which live-stock production is subsidied by the state. Besides, it may become a source of energy supplies for their own needs as well. It was investigated that each year large livestock farms and poultry farms can receive environmentally friendly biofuels in an anaerobic way and significantly improve the quality of sewage. It is determined that thermal efficiency of cogeneration units of biogas production depends very much on equipment for electricity generation. For example, the use of gas-fired internal combustion engines has a thermal efficiency of 70% to 75%, while in the case of using gas turbines and boiler-wastes thermal efficiency can reach more than 90%. It is concluded that one of the ways to reduce the dependence on energy imports and to improve ecology in rural areas of Ukraine is to develop alternative energy generation in agro-industrial complex. Ukraine should create all opportunities for the development of innovative technologies for the implementation of renewable energy sources; to provide conditions for serial production and implementation of bioenergy facilities; to promote the formation of the equal competitive environment for different types of fuel. This will promote green energy production

Policy Influence of Solar PV Diffusion into the Nigerian Rural Energy Mix

2012 ◽  
pp. 470-501
Author(s):  
Olalekan A. Jesuleye ◽  
Willie O. Siyanbola ◽  
Matthew O. Ilori
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Sources

The study in this chapter examined policy options for promoting solar PV diffusion into the energy mix of six selected remote villages that were pilot sites for national and foreign assisted solar electrification programs in three ecological regions of Nigeria. A total of 910 questionnaires were administered on the solar PV users, suppliers, and government agencies to elicit information on alternative energy sources for provision of energy services. The results showed that solar PV usage was 49.9 kWh per/day, which constituted an insignificant share of about 14% in the total lighting requirement and less than 2% of the total requirement for energy services. The demand would rise to 73.3 kWh per/day by 2019 at the same 14% share of the total lighting requirement. Firewood demand maintained over 80 percent share (2383.5 kWh per/day) in the total energy mix in 2009. It also revealed that the best policy option of 200 percent increase in solar bulbs’ share for lighting by 2014 would require 50% reduction in kerosene share. The study concluded that increasing utilization of solar PV for lighting, entertainment, refrigeration, and ventilation in the study areas could lead to decrease in the use of energy from alternative sources.

Using the Internet to reduce market risk for alternative energy sources: The case of large–scale solar photovoltaic production

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Solar Electricity

Although tremendous progress has been made in improving the conversion of sunlight into electricity with solar photovoltaic cells, their widespread adoption is primarily limited by high costs. This paper explores the use of the Internet as a catalyst for the diffusion of solar photovoltaic technology by reducing market risk. With market risk minimized by a database generated by a community of pledged consumers, solar cell companies would be motivated to construct a "Solar City Factory." Such a factory would produce solar panels that would enable systems costs to drop below US$1 per Watt and thus be less expensive than fossil fuels in providing bulk electricity. This price would have a positive–spiral effect encouraging many consumers to switch to solar electricity and transition the global energy infrastructure to renewable solar energy.

scholarly journals Mathematical tool to size rural digesters

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helenice de Oliveira Florentino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Agriculture Modernization ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Cost

Anaerobic digesters have been highlighted due to the current energy crisis and its consequent search for alternative energy sources, allied to the intense process of livestock farming and agriculture modernization, which besides demanding a lot of energy, produces a great amount of crop and animal residues, most of the times generating sanitary problems. The aim of this work is to provide a mathematical tool to establish parameters for projects of construction of rural digesters, considering the response to energy demand, the suitability of the dimensions of the systems, yield factors and the guarantee of functionality. Non-linear optimization models, of easy resolution, for the three main types of rural digesters were formulated in this way. With the resolution of these models one can determine the height and the diameter that lead to a minimum volume for each type, so reducing the necessary amount of masonry and, consequently, diminishing the cost.

scholarly journals Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Tamba Dellosa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Load Profile ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Electric Distribution

The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 in the Philippines provided an impetus for residential owners to explore solar PV installations at their own rooftops through the Net-Metering policy. The Net-Metering implementation through the law however presented some concerns with inexperienced electric DU on the potential effect of high residential solar PV system installations. It was not known how a high degree of solar integration to the grid can possibly affect the operations of the electric DU in terms of energy load management. The primary objective of this study was to help the local electric DU in the analysis of the potential effect of high residential solar PV system penetration to the supply and demand load profile in an electric distribution utility (DU) grid in the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. The energy consumption profiles in the year 2015 were obtained from the electric DU operating in the area. An average daily energy demand load profile was obtained from 0-hr to the 24th hour of the day based from the figures provided by the electric DU. The assessment part of the potential effect of high solar PV system integration assumed four potential total capacities from 10 Mega Watts (MW) to 40 MW generated by all subscribers in the area under study at a 10 MW interval. The effect of these capacities were measured and analyzed with respect to the average daily load profile of the DU. Results of this study showed that a combined installations beyond 20 MWp coming from all subscribers is not viable for the local electric DU based on their current energy demand or load profile. Based from the results obtained, the electric DU can make better decisions in the management of high capacity penetration of solar PV systems in the future, including investment in storage systems when extra capacities are generated.Article History: Received July 15th 2016; Received in revised form Sept 23rd 2016; Accepted Oct 1st 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Dellosa, J. (2016) Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU). Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 179-185.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185

scholarly journals The oil crisis and South Africa: A comparison with the world situation

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
D. J. Kotzé
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil From Coal ◽  
Oil Crisis

Energy as a strategic resource has become a crucial world issue, to sustain future economic growth and survival. The world depends for 95% of its total energy demand, on fossil fuel, supplies of which are limited, while world energy demand is increasing steadily along with population and economic growth. The West depends heavily on oil from the Middle East, and this has placed OPEC countries in a position to demand a twentyfold increase in crude oil prices in nine years. Alternative energy sources are discussed, but the world is still heading for a crisis due to imbalance between energy supply and demand. The energy situation in South Africa differs somewhat because local coal provides 80% of total energy requirements, and stringent conservation measures have achieved large reductions in oil consumption, while uranium, electricity generation and oil-from-coal technologies make the country less vulnerable than most other western countries.Energie as 'n strategiese hulpbron het wereldwyd krities geword, om toekomstige ekonomiese groei en oorlewing te verseker. Vir 95% van sy totale energieverbruik is die wereld afhanklik van fossielbrandstof, waarvan voorrade beperk is, terwyl die wereldvraag na energie steeds met bevolkings- en ekonomiese groei styg. Die Weste moet na die Midde-Ooste opsien vir olie, en dit het OPEC-lande in staat gestel om ruoliepryse in nege jaar twintigvoudig te verhoog. Alternatiewe energiebronne word bespreek, maar die wereld stuur steeds af op 'n krisis weens wanbalans tussen energievraag en -aanbod. Die energiesituasie in Suid-Afrika verskil ietwat omdat plaaslike steenkool 80% van totale energie benodig, verskaf, terwyl streng besparingsmaatreels groot vermindering in olieverbruik meegebring het, en uraan-, elektrisiteit- en olie-uitsteenkool-tegnologiee die land minder kwesbaar maak as meeste ander Westerse lande.

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