scholarly journals Design and Development of Power Driven Gari Fryer

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
S. A. Adegbite ◽  
W. B. Asiru ◽  
M. O. Salami ◽  
C. F. Nwaeche ◽  
K. K. Ebun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Central Shaft ◽  
Frame Insulation ◽  
Insulation Wall

A continuous process power driven gari fryer was designed, fabricated and tested at the Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi. (FIIRO), Lagos, to fry large quantity of cassava mash using locally available materials. The fryer which consists of major two sections; one to gelatinize cassava mash while the drying of the mash take place in the other section. The essential components of the fryer include feeder, frying troughs, rotating paddle arrangement, central shaft, coupling, top cover, gas burners, discharge sprout, main frame, insulation wall, sprocket and internal combustion engine. In operation, the rotating paddles convey the cassava mash during the gelatinization and drying process from the feeding point to the discharge sprout to obtain finished gari product. At constant speed of 8 rpm, the result showed that the time of frying ranged between 14 minutes to 17 minutes with an output of 83.2 kg/hr while the percentage yield of gari obtained ranged from 52.8% - 74.7%. Thus it is established that the capacity of the fryer is 500 kg per day as against the manual method of frying where 5 kg of gari is obtained within 30 minutes (80 kg/day) for 8 hours frying operation in local cassava processing industry in Nigeria. Hence, this makes the fryer to be suitable for gari production for small to medium scale enterprise.

Utilization of Tea Tree Branches as a Source of Thermal Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Rudi Firyanto ◽  
Heru Susanto ◽  
Retno S.L. Ambarwati ◽  
Suherman ◽  
Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Gasification Technology

Energy has an important role in the survival of the tea processing industry. The costs for energy generation and application have a large contribution to the total cost of the tea processing. The use of fuel oil and electricity, especially in the drying process is the biggest energy user stage. In line with the development of Indonesia's tea processing industry, it is felt necessary to immediately utilize the source of biomass in tea plantations through the application of gasification technology. The development of tea processing in the future should pay more attention to aspects of energy and the environment as the main discussion. This study aims to examine the development of gasification technology in converting biomass as thermal energy to meet gas quality in the tea drying process. The hypothesis is that through the gasification biomass technology of tea plantations, will produce gas as thermal energy that meets the quality of the tea drying process. The target to be achieved is in the form of laboratory technical data for the design, operation of the process, scale-up and evaluation of the performance of the gasifier which includes flame propagation, simulation of combustion and optimum operating conditions with temperature process variables, air flow rate and gas products, tea biomass capacity, and the length of the gasification process.

scholarly journals Drying kinetics of jatropha seeds

Revista CERES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdiney Cambuy Siqueira ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Tarcísio Honório Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Jatropha Seeds

Given the necessity of developing jatropha cultivation equipment, this work adjusted different mathematical models to experimental data obtained from the drying of jatropha seeds submitted to different drying conditions and selected the best model to describe the drying process. The experiment was carried out at the Federal Institute of Goiás - Rio Verde Campus. Seeds with initial moisture content of approximately 0.50 (kg water/kg dry matter) were dried in a forced air-ventilated oven, at temperatures of 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105°C to moisture content of 0.10 ± 0.005 (kg water/kg dry matter). The experimental data were adjusted to 11 mathematical models to represent the drying process of agricultural products. The models were compared using the coefficient of determination, chi-square test, relative mean error, estimated mean error and residual distribution. It was found that the increase in the air temperature caused a reduction in the drying time of seeds. The models Midilli and Two Terms were suitable to represent the drying process of Jatropha seeds and between them the use of the Midili model is recommended due to its greater simplicity.

scholarly journals Lean Six Sigma and environmental sustainability: the case of a Norwegian dairy producer

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Powell ◽  
Sissel Lundeby ◽  
Lukas Chabada ◽  
Heidi Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Food Processing Industry ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Norwegian Dairy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in the continuous process industry, taking an insight into the food processing industry; and to evaluate the impact of LSS on environmental sustainability. The authors present observations and experiences from the application of LSS at a Norwegian dairy producer, with the aim of bringing out pertinent factors and useful insights that help us to understand how LSS can contribute toward greater environmental sustainability in this industry type, something that is so far lacking in the extant literature. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt a single, longitudinal field study approach as we observe an entire cycle of the VSM-DMAIC (value stream mapping-define, measure, analyze, improve and control) LSS process, which evolved over a six-month period at the dairy. Findings The authors highlight some of the important elements that should be considered when using LSS as a contributor toward greater environmental sustainability in fresh-food supply chains. The authors also present some of the specific outcomes and key success criteria that became apparent to the implementation team following the deployment of the VSM-DMAIC approach. Originality/value The authors demonstrate how LSS can be applied in the food processing industry as a contributor to greater environmental sustainability. The authors also make useful reflections regarding the success criteria that can be used by researchers and practitioners for the effective deployment of such an approach, particularly in the continuous process industry.

scholarly journals Screening for rhodanese producing Bacterium in freshly pressed Cassava effluents of a Cassava processing industry channeled to Odo-Oba Stream in Ogbomoso-Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-656
Author(s):  
Adeola Folashade Ehigie ◽  
Gbadebo Emmanuel Adeleke ◽  
Wasiu Ayinde Oladiran ◽  
Leonard Ona Ehigie
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Cyanide Detoxification ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Industry Effluent

Rhodanese is a key enzyme that plays an important role in cyanide detoxification. The enzyme was extracted, purified and physico-chemically characterised from Bacillus licheniformis which demonstrated the highest efficacy compared to the seven isolates of bacteria of the cassava processing industry effluent morpholologically and biochemically characterised.  Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and values were considered significant at p<0.05. This study showed that the optimum growth temperature was 350C at a pH 9.0. The highest duration time for the synthesis of rhodanese was at 40 hours. Potassium cyanide (KCN) and casein were the best carbon and nitrogen sources. The enzyme has a specific activity of 10.99 RU/mg, with a purification fold of 4.38, a percentage yield of 15.96%. The apparent Km for KCN and Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) were determined to be 30.24mM and 24.93mM respectively while their Vmax were 5.40 RU /ml/min and 5.07 RU /ml/min respectively.  The optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 50 0C respectively. The enzyme showed a high stability at 500C. The enzyme showed specificity at 6.78 RU/ml/min for Na2S2O3 while it was inhibited by other sulphur containing substrates namely 2-mercaptoethanol, ammonium persulphate, and sodium metabisulphite The enzyme activity was not inhibited by metal ions such as (K+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Sn2+ and Na+) at 1mM and 10mM and was not significant (p>0.05). Therefore, B. licheniformis have the potentials of reducing cyanide pollution thereby enhancing effective management of cassava mill effluent before eventual discharge into the environment and this may be developed into a more effective tool for bioremediation. 

scholarly journals Kinetic and thermodynamic properties of soybean grains during the drying process

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Emanuel Cabral de Oliveira ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Jaqueline Ferreira Vieira Bessa ◽  
Adrieli Nagila Kester
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Effective Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Air Ventilation

The aims of this work were to adjust different mathematical models to experimental data describing the drying of the Valiosa cultivar soybean grain, to determine and to evaluate the effective diffusion coefficient and to obtain the activation energy and the thermodynamic properties of the drying process under different air conditions. The experiments were conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Câmpus Rio Verde). The Valiosa cultivar soybean grains, with an initial moisture content on a dry basis of 0.56 (d.b., decimal), were dried in an oven with forced air ventilation at five different temperatures (40, 55, 70, 85 and 100°C) until reaching a moisture content of 0.133±0.019 (d.b.). Of the models analyzed, Page’s model was selected to best represent the drying phenomenon. The effective diffusion coefficient of soybeans increased with the air temperature and was described by the Arrhenius equation; an activation energy of 22.77 kJ mol–1 was reported for liquid diffusion in the drying of the soybeans. The enthalpy and entropy decreased with increasing temperature, while the Gibbs free energy increased with increasing drying temperature.

scholarly journals Análise de livro didático: um exercício de abstração reflexionante durante a formação docente em matemática

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Sychocki Silva
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Reflective Abstraction ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Logarithmic Functions

Resumo: O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa feita com alunos da graduação em Licenciatura em Matemática do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Campus Caxias do Sul. Através de uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa e investigativa, os alunos analisaram alguns livros didáticos aprovados no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático e que são utilizados em escolas de ensino básico para o ensino das funções exponenciais e logarítmicas. A teoria da abstração reflexionante de Piaget foi usada para analisar e interpretar a evolução cognitiva dos sujeitos durante a aplicação da proposta. A pesquisa evidencia como necessário um processo contínuo e reflexivo do docente durante a construção do conhecimento e avalia que os livros didáticos devem servir como fonte inspiradora para uma metodologia complementar a ser desenvolvida por parte do professor em sala de aula. Palavras-chave: Abstração Reflexionante. Análise de livros. Ensino de funções. Tomada de Consciência. ANALYSIS OF TEACHING BOOK: A YEAR OF ABSTRACTION REFLECTIVE DURING TRAINING TEACHERS IN MATHEMATICS. Abstract: This work is the results of a survey of graduate students in degree in mathematics from the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul - Caxias do Sul Campus.Through a qualitative methodology and investigative research students analyzed some textbooks approved in the National Textbook Program and are used in primary schools for the teaching of exponential and logarithmic functions. The theory of Piaget's reflective abstraction was used to analyze and interpret the cognitive evolution of subjects during the implementation of the proposal. The research shows how necessary a continuous process of teaching and reflective during the construction of knowledge and value that textbooks should serve as inspiration for a supplementary source methodology to be developed by the teacher in the classroom. Keywords: Reflective abstraction. Analysis of books. Teaching functions. Consciousness. 

scholarly journals Effect of Methyl–β–Cyclodextrin and Trehalose on the Freeze–Drying and Spray–Drying of Sericin for Cosmetic Purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Lorella Giovannelli ◽  
Andrea Milanesi ◽  
Elena Ugazio ◽  
Letizia Fracchia ◽  
Lorena Segale
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Bombyx Mori Silk ◽  
Degumming Process

Sericin is a protein extracted from Bombyx mori silk cocoons. Over the last decade, this wastewater product of the textile industry has shown many interesting biological properties. This protein is widely used in the cosmetic and biomedical fields. In this study, sericin has been obtained via a High–Temperature High–Pressure degumming process, and was dried using the freeze–drying (fd) and spray–drying (sd) techniques. Proteins tend to collapse during drying, hence, sericin has been dried in the presence of two selected carrier agents: methyl–β–cyclodextrin and trehalose. The obtained powders have been analyzed using thermal investigation, microscopy (optical, SEM), and granulometric and spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, the percentage yield of the spray–drying process has been calculated. Both the agents were able to significantly improve the drying process, without altering the physico–chemical properties of the protein. In particular, the co–spray–drying of sericin with methyl–β–cyclodextrin and trehalose gave good process yields and furnished a powder with low moisture content and handling properties that are better than those of the other studied dried products. These characteristics seem to be appropriate and fruitful for the manufacturing of cosmetic raw materials.

Video real-time imaging of artificial membranes during freeze-drying by cryo-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Alan S. Rudolph ◽  
Ronald R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Artificial Membranes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Capture Techniques

We have employed cryoelectron microscopy to visualize events that occur during the freeze-drying of artificial membranes by employing real time video capture techniques. Artificial membranes or liposomes which are spherical structures within internal aqueous space are stabilized by water which provides the driving force for spontaneous self-assembly of these structures. Previous assays of damage to these structures which are induced by freeze drying reveal that the two principal deleterious events that occur are 1) fusion of liposomes and 2) leakage of contents trapped within the liposome [1]. In the past the only way to access these events was to examine the liposomes following the dehydration event. This technique allows the event to be monitored in real time as the liposomes destabilize and as water is sublimed at cryo temperatures in the vacuum of the microscope. The method by which liposomes are compromised by freeze-drying are largely unknown. This technique has shown that cryo-protectants such as glycerol and carbohydrates are able to maintain liposomal structure throughout the drying process.

To Tell or Not to Tell, That Is the Question

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Dalen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Telephone Counseling ◽  
Counseling Service ◽  
Telephone Service

Ethical dilemmas encountered by psychologists have previously been studied in surveys and as formal ethical complaints. No previous publications have been found in which data from an ethics counseling telephone service for psychologists has been analyzed. The present study examines ethical dilemmas, as presented by members of the Norwegian Psychological Association calling the Ethics Telephone Counseling Service (ETCS) from 2001 through 2003. Psychologists seek counseling for a range of ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas concerning confidentiality are those most commonly presented. Dilemmas concerning integrity are also fairly common, whereas dilemmas concerning competence are rarely presented. The study shows virtually no difference in frequency and nature of consultation based on how long a psychologist has been licensed. This study also shows only minor gender differences in the use of the ETCS. Possible implications for ethics education as a continuous process are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document