scholarly journals Coffee Processing Wastewater Management: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Asha Gururaj ◽  
B. Manoj Kumar ◽  
K. N. Achyuth ◽  
B. R. Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Time Required ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
The Impact

Globally, one amongst the major agro-based industry contributing significantly is Coffee. Coffee growing estates use water for pulping and the wastewater generated from coffee pulping activity is generally discharged to the water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of effluents from traditional wet coffee processing plants on the water quality. Coffee fruits are processed by two methods, wet and dry process. The wet processing produces a drink of higher quality and has the advantage of reducing the drying space area and time required. However, this preparation step generates high volume of coffee wastewater as it involves utilizing large volumes of water with concurrent generation of wastewater. Throughout wet processing, coffee fruits generate enormous quantities of high strength wastewater. The so generated wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of organic matter, low pH, nutrients, suspended matter associated with odor and dark color with high chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand requiring systematic treatment before disposal. The inadequate disposal of the coffee wastewater into environment directly without proper management and handling will pose aa pollution risk to receiving water body. Efforts have made by various researchers to evolve an alternative method for the treatment of coffee pulping waste and the same is discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Impacts of Leachate Percolation on Ground Water Quality: A Case Study of Dhanbad City

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

<div> <p>This paper presents an assessment of the impact of uncontrolled and unscientific disposal of MSW on ground water in Dhanbad city, India. In this study, ground water quality around municipal solid waste disposal sites was investigated. Ground water quality analysis was carried out on samples collected at various distances from two disposal sites. The study has revealed that the ground water quality near dumping sites does not conform to the drinking water quality standards as per IS:10500. The impacts of indiscriminate dumping activity on ground water appeared most clearly as high concentrations of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chlorides, chemical oxygen demand, and sulphates. High amount of metals like Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mn has also been detected in the groundwater samples near dumping area. Leachate characterization study also reveals high potential for groundwater contamination. Presence of feacal coliform contamination in groundwater samples indicates potential health risk for individuals exposed to this water.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PROBIOTIC PRODUCTS ON THE QUALITY OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN DAIRY INDUSTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Elena I. VIALKOVA ◽  
Olga V. SIDORENKO ◽  
Ekaterina S. GLUSHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays there is the problem of the effective treatment of dairy industry plants’ wastewaters. Industrial wastewaters of these plants have high concentrations of organic matters and differ significantly from domestic wastewaters. The method of intensification of dairy wastewaters treatment in Tyumen region, using probiotic «PIP Plus WATER» (Belgium) is considered in this article. The article presents the results of conducted research on the impact of the probiotic on such wastewaters indices as pH, chemical oxygen demand, anionic surfactants, ammonium, nitrites, nitrates and phosphates concentrations. The comparison among different ways of wastewater treatment with probiotics has been made. Based on obtained results technological scheme of local treatment plant of dairy industry plant has been suggested.

Use of microtox tests for screening industrial wastewater toxicity

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J. Hao ◽  
Shin Chien-Jen ◽  
Lin Cheng-Fang ◽  
Jeng Fu-Tien ◽  
Chen Zen-Chyuan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Microtox Toxicity ◽  
Microtox Test ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
The Impact

Conventional parameters such as chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids may not detect toxic compounds present in a variety of industrial wastewaters and treated wastes. Thus, the presence of toxicity in many industrial wastes presents a significant impact on biological wastewater treatment, and exerts adverse effects on receiving waters. Because of their easy technique and rapid turnaround results, the Microtox tests were used in this study to pinpoint unusual wastewaters, evaluate the toxicity reduction through activated sludge processes, observe the impact of excessive chemical addition to meet the transparency standard, and measure the impact of waste discharge on one particular receiving water. It was found that the results of Microtox tests were useful for such purposes; i.e., low COD wastes exhibited high Microtox toxicity; some activated sludge processes removed significant toxicity; and some effluents from coagulation/oxidation processes showed an increased toxicity. The application of the Microtox test to wastewater management is discussed.

scholarly journals Case study on the dairy processing industries and their wastewater generation in Latvia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Basanti Ekka ◽  
Sandis Dejus ◽  
Talis Juhna
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dairy Processing ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand

Abstract The objective of the research presented in this Research Communication was to access the environmental impact of the Latvian dairy industries. Site visits and interviews at Latvian dairy processing companies were done in order to collect site-specific data. This includes the turnover of the dairy industries, production, quality of water in various industrial processes, the flow and capacity of the sewage including their characteristic, existing practices and measures for wastewater management. The results showed that dairy industries in Latvia generated in total approximately 2263 × 103 m3 wastewater in the year 2019. The Latvian dairy effluents were characterized with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total solids (TS). Few dairy plants had pre-treatment facilities for removal of contaminants, and many lacked onsite treatment technologies. Most facilities discharged dairy wastewater to municipal wastewater treatment plants. The current study gives insight into the Latvian dairy industries, their effluent management and pollution at Gulf of Riga due to wastewater discharge.

scholarly journals Start-up phase of a UASB-septic tank used for high strength municipal wastewater treatment in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Santiago-Díaz ◽  
M. L. Salazar-Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Start Up

The objective of this work was to assess the performance during the start-up phase of a Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)-septic tank for municipal wastewater treatment in Mexico City. A lab scale UASB-septic tank (62 L total volume, acrylic), consisting of three chambers treated high strength municipal wastewater at ambient temperature (16 °C–24 °C), under 72 h Hydraulic retention time (HRT) during three months. Total and soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), total biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total solids and total suspended solids (TSS) removals were 75.2 ± 6.5%, 54.8 ± 6.7%, 64.2 ± 4.8%, 25.9 ± 5% and 82.9 ± 5%, respectively. These results are comparable with the removals reported in other works with similar arrangements; and are similar even with average removals of COD, BOD and TSS in UASB reactors installed in Latin America. The good performance obtained showed that it is possible to achieve a short start-up period with UASB-septic tank if it is inoculated with anaerobic sludge. These findings also evidenced the feasibility and reliability of the UASB-septic tank system for decentralized wastewater management in Mexico.

scholarly journals Four-stage biofilm anaerobic–anoxic–oxic–oxic system for strengthening the biological treatment of coking wastewater: COD removal behaviors and biokinetic modeling

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (38) ◽  
pp. 23714-23726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Zeqian Zhang ◽  
Yaxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
System P ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biokinetic Modeling

Biokinetic models of high-strength coking wastewater with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) was efficiently treated by a novel pilot-scale four-stage biofilm anaerobic–anoxic–oxic–oxic (FB-A2/O2) system.

Mill case, simulation, and laboratory plant study of black liquor spill effects on a multiple stage biological treatment plantA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Good Relation ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the impact of black liquor shocks on multiple stage biological treatment plant was studied. The tests were carried out in a lab scale plant and using a mathematical simulation model. The results showed good relation to a parallel situation at the Gruvön Mill. The MultiBio concept is persistent to short-term black liquor spills due to the design where the black liquor is diluted between every compartment. According to the lab scale trials, short-term shocks (5 and 10 h) of black liquor addition reduce bio activity in the first part of the MultiBio plant. Oxygen uptake rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation decreased during high concentrations of black liquor and increased when the black liquor concentration declined. Protozoas disappeared from compartments exposed to high concentrations of black liquor. A long-term trial encompassing 24 h of black liquor addition inhibited the COD reduction in the whole plant for several weeks.

scholarly journals A study of the role of micrometeorological conditions on uptake of 3,4-dichloroaniline in maize

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Initial Amount ◽  
Growth Solution ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Micrometeorological Conditions ◽  
The Impact

<p>3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) is a hardly biodegradable and hydrolysable compound, characterized as a persistent pollutant for water, soil and sediment and highly toxic for living organisms. In this work, the impact of different micrometeorological conditions on uptake of 3,4-DCA was investigated in maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown hydroponically. For this purpose, seedlings of a uniform vigor were developed in appropriate nutrient solution supplied with an initial amount of 3,4-DCA (growth solution) under controlled high light (HL) and low light intensity (LL) conditions and under high (HH) and low relative humidity (LH) conditions in the combinations of HL/HH, LL/HH and HL/LH. Plants grown under HL/LH were replenished with the initial amount of 3,4-DCA after 48 h from the application of the growth solution (AGS). The measurements which took place were related to the uptake of 3,4-DCA and of growth solution by plants. Also, the fresh weight of plants was measured. Results showed that maize was capable of removing noticeably high amounts of 3,4-DCA (up to three quarters of the initial amount) from the growth solution after completion of the first 24 h period from AGS, irrespective of micrometeorological conditions. It was also demonstrated that almost the whole available amount of 3,4-DCA was removed from the growth solution after a 48 h period from AGS under HL/LH. Plants under these conditions removed a significantly higher volume of growth solution compared to the HH conditions, irrespective of measurement time. The significant increase of the 3,4-DCA uptake (almost the whole available amount) by maize plants which were replenished with this compound under LH compared to HH, indicated a considerable capability of these plants to remove high concentrations of 3,4-DCA from the growth solution after 72 h from AGS. The fresh weight of maize plants under the examined micrometeorological conditions did not change significantly in the majority of the cases, as regards to different micrometeorological conditions. On the contrary, this plant parameter was significantly higher in 3rd compared to 1st measurement day in all examined conditions. The increase of 3,4-DCA uptake rates by maize plants grown under low relative humidity conditions, 72 hrs from AGS, could be associated with the expected acceleration of the plants transpiration rates and with the plant growth rate, as expressed by the fresh weight, as in these conditions plants remove considerably high volume of growth solution. The information obtained from the aforementioned results on plant uptake of 3,4-DCA in maize plants could be a first step in designing suitable management practices such as phytoremediation strategies which might reduce environmental pollution.</p>

scholarly journals Simulating the impact of piers on hydrodynamics and pollutant transport: A case study in the Middle Yangtze River

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260527
Author(s):  
Haibin Xiong ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Zhaohua Sun ◽  
Zhiqing Li ◽  
Kun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand Concentration

It is known that channel engineering, including the construction of piers, will change the river hydrodynamic characteristics, which is a significant factor affecting the transport process of pollutants. With this regard, this study uses the well-validated and tested hydrodynamic module and transport module of MIKE 21 to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality under various pier densities in the Wuhan reach. Hydrodynamic changes around the piers show spatial differences, which are similar under different discharges. The range and amplitude of hydrodynamic spatial variations increase with the increase in pier density. However, there is a critical value of 1.25 to 2.5 units/km. When the pier density is less than this critical value, this type of cumulative effect is the most significant. Additionally, greater changes can be found in chemical oxygen demand concentrations, which also show spatial and temporal variations. The area with high chemical oxygen demand concentration upstream and downstream from the engineering area exhibits the distribution characteristics of “decrease in the downstream area and increase in the upstream area” and “increase in downstream the area and decrease in the upstream area” respectively. In the reach section of the engineering area, the area with high chemical oxygen demand concentration increases in the front area near the piers and decreases near the shoreline. Furthermore, the concentration shows attenuation actions with a longer residence time owing to the buffering effect of pier groups. These results have significant implications on shoreline planning and utilization. Moreover, they provide scientific guidelines for water management.

scholarly journals Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and aerated constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Masi ◽  
A. Rizzo ◽  
N. Martinuzzi ◽  
S. D. Wallace ◽  
D. Van Oirschot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Classical Solutions ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Swine wastewater management is often affected by two main issues: a too high volume for optimal reuse as a fertilizer and a too high strength for an economically sustainable treatment by classical solutions. Hence, an innovative scheme has been tested to treat swine wastewater, combining a low cost anaerobic reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), with intensified constructed wetlands (aerated CWs) in a pilot scale experimental study. The swine wastewater described in this paper is produced by a swine production facility situated in North Italy. The scheme of the pilot plant consisted of: (i) canvas-based thickener; (ii) UASB; (iii) two intensified aerated vertical subsurface flow CWs in series; (iv) a horizontal flow subsurface CW. The influent wastewater quality has been defined for total suspended solids (TSS 25,025 ± 9,323 mg/l), organic carbon (chemical oxygen demand (COD) 29,350 ± 16,983 mg/l), total reduced nitrogen and ammonium (total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 1,783 ± 498 mg/l and N-NH4+ 735 ± 251 mg/l) and total phosphorus (1,285 ± 270 mg/l), with nitrates almost absent. The overall system has shown excellent performances in terms of TSS, COD, N-NH4+ and TKN removal efficiencies (99.9%, 99.6%, 99.5%, and 99.0%, respectively). Denitrification (N-NO3− effluent concentration equal to 614 ± 268 mg/l) did not meet the Italian quality standards for discharging in water bodies, mainly because the organic carbon was almost completely removed in the intensified CW beds.

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