scholarly journals A study of the role of micrometeorological conditions on uptake of 3,4-dichloroaniline in maize

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Initial Amount ◽  
Growth Solution ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Micrometeorological Conditions ◽  
The Impact

<p>3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) is a hardly biodegradable and hydrolysable compound, characterized as a persistent pollutant for water, soil and sediment and highly toxic for living organisms. In this work, the impact of different micrometeorological conditions on uptake of 3,4-DCA was investigated in maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown hydroponically. For this purpose, seedlings of a uniform vigor were developed in appropriate nutrient solution supplied with an initial amount of 3,4-DCA (growth solution) under controlled high light (HL) and low light intensity (LL) conditions and under high (HH) and low relative humidity (LH) conditions in the combinations of HL/HH, LL/HH and HL/LH. Plants grown under HL/LH were replenished with the initial amount of 3,4-DCA after 48 h from the application of the growth solution (AGS). The measurements which took place were related to the uptake of 3,4-DCA and of growth solution by plants. Also, the fresh weight of plants was measured. Results showed that maize was capable of removing noticeably high amounts of 3,4-DCA (up to three quarters of the initial amount) from the growth solution after completion of the first 24 h period from AGS, irrespective of micrometeorological conditions. It was also demonstrated that almost the whole available amount of 3,4-DCA was removed from the growth solution after a 48 h period from AGS under HL/LH. Plants under these conditions removed a significantly higher volume of growth solution compared to the HH conditions, irrespective of measurement time. The significant increase of the 3,4-DCA uptake (almost the whole available amount) by maize plants which were replenished with this compound under LH compared to HH, indicated a considerable capability of these plants to remove high concentrations of 3,4-DCA from the growth solution after 72 h from AGS. The fresh weight of maize plants under the examined micrometeorological conditions did not change significantly in the majority of the cases, as regards to different micrometeorological conditions. On the contrary, this plant parameter was significantly higher in 3rd compared to 1st measurement day in all examined conditions. The increase of 3,4-DCA uptake rates by maize plants grown under low relative humidity conditions, 72 hrs from AGS, could be associated with the expected acceleration of the plants transpiration rates and with the plant growth rate, as expressed by the fresh weight, as in these conditions plants remove considerably high volume of growth solution. The information obtained from the aforementioned results on plant uptake of 3,4-DCA in maize plants could be a first step in designing suitable management practices such as phytoremediation strategies which might reduce environmental pollution.</p>

scholarly journals Use of a Biostimulant to Mitigate Salt Stress in Maize Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Roberto D’Amato ◽  
Daniele Del Buono
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Impact

Salinity is considered among the abiotic stresses most impacting agriculture for its ability to interfere with crop development and quality. For this reason, practices and innovations that could contain the deleterious effects of such stress are of pivotal importance for maintaining acceptable crop yields. In this context, this work has concerned the study of severe salt stress (100 mM NaCl) on maize seedlings and the effects of a plant biostimulant (Megafol–Meg) in helping plants to cope with this adversity. Biomass production, pigments, the content Na+ and K+, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation products (MDA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were investigated in control samples, in samples treated with NaCl alone, and in samples treated with NaCl in combination with the biostimulant. The results showed that the biostimulant significantly mitigated the impact of the salt stress on shoot length and fresh weight, on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and reduced the amount of Na+ taken up by the species. Regarding the oxidative status, the biostimulated samples revealed lower amounts of H2O2 and MDA, while maize seedlings grown with NaCl alone exhibited the highest increases in the TPC, ABTS, and FRAP. The explanation for these effects is provided by highlighting the effectiveness of the biostimulant in avoiding Na+ accumulation, which resulted in a lower content of H2O2, MDA, TPC, and antioxidant activity.

Effect of microclimatological changes on dairy cattle productionunder the coastal climate of Goa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Das ◽  
N. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Milk

It was observed that in Deoni and Cross bred cow daily change of relative humidity, maximum temperature and minimum temperatures had significant (P < 0.01) effect on daily milk yield of cow. It was inferred that the effect was more pronounced on cross bred cows than that of Deoni and Sahiwal cows. Between the two indigenous cows effect of micro climatological changes was more pronounced on Deoni breed than Sahiwal breed of cow. It was also observed that overall daily milk yield was reduced by 1 g (P > 0.05), 6 g (P > 0.05), 22 g (P > 0.05) and 78 g (P < 0.01) per unit increase of air temperature, relative humidity, temperature humidity index and maximum temperature respectively while data were analyzed as a whole considering all the cows of all the breeds together. Economic losses resulting from temperature-induced reductions in production may justify mitigation of these temperature increases through changes in management practices such as installation of sprinklers in sheds, evaporative cooling of barns, feeding and nutritional strategies, and/or selection of more heat-tolerant animals. So, risk management, by considering perceived thermal challenges, then assessing the potential consequences and acting accordingly, will reduce the impact of such challenges.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical reactions of Hordeum vulgare seedlings to the action of silver nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Khromykh ◽  
L. V. Shupranova ◽  
Y. V. Lykholat ◽  
V. S. Bil’chuk ◽  
V. S. Fedenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Morphometrical indexes, and spectrophotometrically measured protein and glutathione (GSH, GSSG) contents and activity of peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione-reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione S-transferase (GST, EС 2.5.1.18) were examined in Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings after 0.01 and 0.1 mg/l AgNPs treatment during 24 h. We tested the hypothesis that the action of nanoparticles has a stressful effect on the physiological and biochemical processes of seedlings. Growth of roots was inhibited and fresh weight decreased by 29% and 21% under low and high concentrations respectively. Conversely, leaf growth was intensified, and leaf length (16% and 18%) and fresh weight (35% and 44%) increased at low and high concentrations respectively. POD activity in roots increased by 26% and 7%, and decreased in leaves to 57% and 81% of control at low and high concentrations respectively. GSH content changed insignificantly, but GSSG content increased in roots (2 and 2.5-fold) and in leaves (13% and 30%) at both AgNPs concentrations. GSH/GSSG-ratio decreased in roots (1.9 and 2.6-fold) and in leaves (1.1 and 1.3-fold) at low and high concentrations respectively. GR activity decreased at a concentration of 0.01 mg/l (7% in roots and 17% in leaves respectively) and increased at 0.1 mg/l (52% in roots and 6% in leaves). GST activity increased in leaves (52% and 78% at low and high concentrations) but decreased by 17% in roots under high concentration of nanosilver. Thus, the action of AgNPs on barley seedlings had a dose-dependent and organ-specific character. The various directions of changes in growth, metabolic processes and activity of antioxidant defense systems appear to be a stress response of barley seedlings to the impact of AgNPs, which underlines the necessity of detailed study of plant intracellular processes exposed to the action of nanomaterial. 

scholarly journals Coffee Processing Wastewater Management: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Asha Gururaj ◽  
B. Manoj Kumar ◽  
K. N. Achyuth ◽  
B. R. Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Time Required ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
The Impact

Globally, one amongst the major agro-based industry contributing significantly is Coffee. Coffee growing estates use water for pulping and the wastewater generated from coffee pulping activity is generally discharged to the water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of effluents from traditional wet coffee processing plants on the water quality. Coffee fruits are processed by two methods, wet and dry process. The wet processing produces a drink of higher quality and has the advantage of reducing the drying space area and time required. However, this preparation step generates high volume of coffee wastewater as it involves utilizing large volumes of water with concurrent generation of wastewater. Throughout wet processing, coffee fruits generate enormous quantities of high strength wastewater. The so generated wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of organic matter, low pH, nutrients, suspended matter associated with odor and dark color with high chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand requiring systematic treatment before disposal. The inadequate disposal of the coffee wastewater into environment directly without proper management and handling will pose aa pollution risk to receiving water body. Efforts have made by various researchers to evolve an alternative method for the treatment of coffee pulping waste and the same is discussed in this paper.

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

scholarly journals Impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19: a modelling study in China and the United States

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043863
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Wang ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Weifeng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe aim to assess the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 across communities after accounting for community-level factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status and human mobility status.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional regression analysis via the Fama-MacBeth procedure is adopted.SettingWe use the data for COVID-19 daily symptom-onset cases for 100 Chinese cities and COVID-19 daily confirmed cases for 1005 US counties.ParticipantsA total of 69 498 cases in China and 740 843 cases in the USA are used for calculating the effective reproductive numbers.Primary outcome measuresRegression analysis of the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the effective reproductive number (R value).ResultsStatistically significant negative correlations are found between temperature/relative humidity and the effective reproductive number (R value) in both China and the USA.ConclusionsHigher temperature and higher relative humidity potentially suppress the transmission of COVID-19. Specifically, an increase in temperature by 1°C is associated with a reduction in the R value of COVID-19 by 0.026 (95% CI (−0.0395 to −0.0125)) in China and by 0.020 (95% CI (−0.0311 to −0.0096)) in the USA; an increase in relative humidity by 1% is associated with a reduction in the R value by 0.0076 (95% CI (−0.0108 to −0.0045)) in China and by 0.0080 (95% CI (−0.0150 to −0.0010)) in the USA. Therefore, the potential impact of temperature/relative humidity on the effective reproductive number alone is not strong enough to stop the pandemic.

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