scholarly journals Retail Format Usage: Pre-COVID-19 Benchmark Data, Pandemic Practice, and Emergent Influence

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Stewart ◽  
Carole Goodson ◽  
Susan Miertschin
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Product Type ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Impulse Purchase ◽  
Purchase Behaviors ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
At Home

Background: COVID-19 brought revolutionary change in consumer retail format behavior. Pre-pandemic, multiple retail formats were available, and consumers showed evidence of preference for particular formats. Then, the disruptions caused by store closures and stay-at-home mandates altered consumer behavior substantially. Aims of the Study: The purpose of this work is to report the results of research on consumer preferences for retail formats as a benchmark for examination of changes in consumer usage of retail formats wrought by COVID-19 and projection of emergent post-pandemic behaviors. Pre-COVID-19, variety in retail formats proliferated.  Methodology Employed: Survey methodology captured preferences, practices, and recommendations related to use of retail formats. Research questions included: a) Which retail formats do consumers prefer? b) Which digital tools do consumers use to make purchases? c) Does delivery mode and/or product type influence retail format preference? d) Does retail format influence impulse purchasing behavior? e) Do consumers mix retail formats when making product purchases? and f) What will be the implications of COVID-19 for retail format preference? Results: Consumers reported differences in preferences for online, in-store, catalogue, and phone retail formats. Product type influenced consumer retail format preferences. Retail format influenced impulse purchase behaviors. Consumers used smart phones, laptops, desktops, tablets, email, discussion boards, social media, and social networks as purchasing tools. Conclusions: This study investigated pre-pandemic consumer preferences and usage variables related to retail format. It provides benchmarks for examination of changes resultant from the massive retail disruptions of mandatory store closures and stay-at-home mandates. It further provides a framework for projections of emergent, post-pandemic behaviors. Recommendations: The authors recommend further investigation of consumer retail format use during and subsequent to the height of the pandemic. Comparison of consumer usage pre- and post-pandemic can provide valuable input to retail planning.

scholarly journals Retail format selection: Occupancy cost and profitability

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-375
Author(s):  
Amanda Duvenhage ◽  
André Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Retail Property ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
The Relationship

Retail property management teams neglect the influence of occupancy costs and the resultant profitability of different retail formats when assessing their decision to expand. The aim of this research was to provide an easy-to-understand profitability equation for shopping centres and stand-alone outlets to guide retail property management teams in their decision-making process. A quantitative study, using secondary data obtained from a single retailing group and analysed using a simplified profitability formula, was conducted. The research endeavoured to determine the influence of rent on profitability to provide financial guidance to property management teams when benchmarking different retail formats. This included an investigation into the relationship between size and rent value besides the comparison of the profitability of different retail formats. Although financial considerations form an important part of the decision-making process, retail property management teams should continue to combine the results of financial benchmarking with consumer preferences to achieve optimum results.

Off-price versus price-off

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 902-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Hess Jr ◽  
Lawrence Ring
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Research ◽  
Extreme Points ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Store Attributes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to better understand the unique competitive positioning characteristics of off-price retailers and how they compare to other types of retailers. The authors compare off-price and upscale off-price retailers with four major formats of retailers: first, discount department store/warehouse club retailers; second, moderate department store retailers; third, department store retailers; and finally, specialty department store retailers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a representative sample that was randomly drawn from four primary metropolitan cities in the USA. The data were collected using telephone interviews by a prominent, marketing research firm. A series of discriminant analyses were conducted to examine the data. Findings – The findings of the paper indicate that the off-price formats were consistently positioned at extreme points along the price/value continuum, signifying the strongest value-orientation among the other retail formats. The authors also found that while the upscale off-price format followed the specialty department stores in terms of fashion. The results point to an important disadvantage of the off-price format – although strong on price/value, they often fall short on fashion and many other store attributes that may be important to luxury-oriented customers. Research limitations/implications – The paper employed a sample from several cities collected using a telephone interview methodology within the US. Due to these limitations, the findings of this paper may be hampered by this methodology and not generalize to regions outside of the US. Future research should examine how the demise of most of the upscale off-price retailers and growth of flash web sites have changed the competitive structure of retailing. Practical implications – The results demonstrate that the positioning of the off-price retail format is unique from other formats. The retail formats occupy distinct positions. The off-price retail format is strongly associated with the price/value position but only moderately fashionable to customers, especially when compared with the department and specialty department store formats. In contrast, the upscale off-price format, while also strongly positioned along the price/value continuum, is considered much more fashionable than the off-price retail format. In fact, the upscale off-price retail format only trails the specialty department store format in terms of fashion. Originality/value – The unique characteristics of the off-price retail format and growing interest from upscale department stores underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the motives of the off-price shopper. This paper provides retailers with a more complete understanding of the store attributes that differentiate the off-price retail format from other major retail store formats. The overall objective of this study is to offer a comprehensive view of the positioning of off-price retailers compared with many alternative retail formats.

scholarly journals Does Consumer‟s Retail Format Choice Decisions Distinguish among 4Cs of Marketing? Evidence from a Research on Jeans wear Retailing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S3) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Discriminant Model ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Retail Marketing ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats

PURPOSE: To understand consumer’s perceptions on 4 Cs of marketing (Customer solution, Customer Cost, Convenience, and Communication) and their impact on retail format choice decisions in buying jeans. This study found evidence on rarely explored research question i.e. ‘Which 4 Cs of Marketing differs among customer’s retail format choice decisions in buying jeans. DESIGN / METHODOLOGY / APPROACH: The data was collected through structured questionnaire by random mall intercept method using simple random sampling technique from 505 customers in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. A valid Discriminant model was developed to test the predictors of 4 Cs of retail attributes across two retail formats (Departmental Stores &Shopping malls). The data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. FINDINGS: Findings indicated that the classification accuracy in analysis, holdout and cross-validated sample is able to correctly classify the 4 Cs of marketing across the two retail formats.Out of the 4Cs of retail marketing attributes studied, ‘Convenience and Cost’ related attributes, differ significantly across the two retail formats (Departmental Store and Shopping malls), while for ‘Communication and Customer solution’ no significant impact was found on customer’s retail format choice decisions in buying jeans. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS: Findings from this study,aid retailers, marketers and manufacturers in understanding customer paradigm shifts in buying patterns across emerging retail formats and direct them in altering 4 Cs of marketing to serve customers better, hence increasing the overall marketing efficiency. LIMITATIONS: Despite efforts taken to represent all sections, it is appropriate to conduct such studies geographical segment-wise to be more accurate, secondly retailers’ perceptions were not considered and thirdly unorganized retail was not taken in this context. ORIGINALITY / VALUE –The researcher could not come across any studies on retail marketing attributes in specific category like jeans wear retail, especially in Indian context and hence this study would add more value in understanding customer’s buying behavior across emerging retail formats.

Retail Formats and Alternative Retail Formats

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-204
Author(s):  
Barbara Borusiak
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats

This chapter explains the mechanisms for the emergence of selected innovative formats based on existing format change theories. The nature of a retail format is explored and the classification both of retail formats and alternative retail formats are presented. Four groups of theories (cyclical, conflict, environmental, and integrated) explaining the emergence and evolution of retail formats are analysed. Retail formats theories are applied in explaining the emergence of two formats: pop-up store and m-commerce. The approach involved a review of literature and analysis of empirical data concerning the structure of the retail trade turnover in the chosen countries.

scholarly journals Parent's responses to nutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements on energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods: an experimental study

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Dixon ◽  
Maree Scully ◽  
Melanie Wakefield ◽  
Bridget Kelly ◽  
Kathy Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Celebrity Endorsement ◽  
Celebrity Endorsements ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo assess parents’ responses to common, potentially misleading strategies for marketing energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) child-oriented foods.DesignBetween-subjects online experiment to test whether nutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements on the front of packs of EDNP products lead parents to prefer and rate these foods more favourably.SettingAustralia.SubjectsA total of 1551 parents of children aged 5–12 years, who were the main household grocery buyers.ResultsInclusion of nutrient claims or sports celebrity endorsements on EDNP products led parents to perceive these products to be more nutritious than if they did not include such promotions. When asked to choose between a pair of different products (EDNP v. healthier), 56 % of parents did not read a nutrition information panel (NIP) before making their choice and this did not differ by promotion condition. These parents were more likely to choose an EDNP product if it included a nutrient claim (OR = 1·83, 95 % CI 1·31, 2·56; P < 0·001) or sports celebrity endorsement (OR = 2·37, 95 % CI 1·70, 3·32; P < 0·001). Sports celebrity endorsements also enhanced parent's perceptions of typical consumers of the product, perceptions of product healthiness and quality, as well as purchase intentions.ConclusionsNutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements tip consumer preferences towards EDNP products bearing such promotions, especially among the majority who do not read the NIP. As parents largely determine what foods are available to children at home, it is critical that initiatives aimed at reducing the persuasive impact of food marketing include this target group.

scholarly journals The Attitude of Consumers towards Organised Food Retailing: An Application of Attitude-towards-Object Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Abhinav Kumar Shandilya ◽  
Praveen Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Small Towns ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats

Organised retail sector is booming in metros, cities and now even in small towns; and organised food retailing is one of the fastest growing sector among them.  The different types of food retail formats have its own characteristics, focus and target market.  The customer or consumer has their own criteria to select a particular food retail format.  The selection is based on the attitude of the customer or consumer towards the attribute of the retail format. There are many model to find the attitude of customer or consumer towards any product, service and brands.  This study is an attempt to find out the customer's or consumer's attitude towards three major food retailing formats i.e Big Bazaar, a hypermarket; Reliance Fresh, a convenience store and Suvidha, a supermarket.

Factors affecting store image and the choice of hypermarkets in Oman

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Belwal ◽  
Shweta Belwal
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Store Image ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Repeat Purchase ◽  
Retail Formats

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors affecting store image and customers’ choice of hypermarkets in Oman and compares two big hypermarkets in Sohar– the prominent industrial city of Oman. Design/methodology/approach A detailed review of literature was conducted initially to identify the attributes affecting store image and choice of hypermarkets in Oman and a questionnaire was developed later using the key attributes, vetted by a panel of professionals and consumers. Data were collected using convenience sampling from the targeted customers with due care to reduce possible biases. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), using SPSS, was then performed to arrive at the key factors affecting store image and choice of hypermarkets in Oman. Two most popular and leading hypermarkets of Sohar – Lulu and Al Safeer were selected to study consumers’ preferences for store choice and comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U-test in association with the Wilcoxon W-test was applied, using Minitab, for further comparison of the two hypermarkets. Findings Retailing industry in Oman is changing. The focus of consumers is shifting from traditional markets to modern retail formats. The presence of hypermarkets has attracted customers away from traditional souqs. Customers are attracted to hypermarkets for various reasons, including the local and socio-cultural ones. The factor analysis produced four components, namely, “purchase experience”, “visit experience”, “augmented experience”, and “repeat-purchase experience” affecting customers’ choice of hypermarkets and store image in Oman. A comparative analysis of two leading hypermarkets revealed that Lulu hypermarket acquired, overall, a better store image over Al Safeer on all the components. Purchase experience and visit experience, in Omani hypermarkets, were forerunners in satisfying customers than the augmented and repeat-purchase experience. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the narrow base of extant literature on consumer preferences of hypermarkets and their choice of related retail formats in the Islamic world. Although the use of EFA has been quite informative in revealing the findings, the limitation mainly arises due to the lack of confirmatory techniques, which were not intended at this stage of research. Whist the study opens room for researchers to contribute further in this regard, it brings forth certain implications for the managers, academics, and professionals working in the retail sector. Practical implications Analysis and discussions reveal that hypermarkets, particularly in Oman, need to take into account the factors, as identified in this study, and the differences in context of local conditions and religion. The study emphasizes that managers of retail formats in Oman need to give due importance to consumer experience to secure better store image and consumer patronage. Originality/value The study makes a pioneering attempt to analyse consumer preferences for retail stores, especially hypermarkets in Oman. It recognizes that the consumer expectations and business requirements of Oman, in particular, or Gulf countries in general are somehow different than the rest of the world. A heed to the identified factors and underlying variables would help the retail sector in serving consumers better as well as in increasing the store image and consumer patronage.

An Empirical Study on Retailing Industry in India: A Case Study on Apparel Market

Paradigm ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S.L. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Store Choice ◽  
Sales Personnel ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Store Patronage ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats

The study puts focus on how retailers are designing organized retail formats to keep pace with the changing moods of the shoppers. This will help them out in reaching a huge market comprising middle segment in order to enhance their clientele. These organized retail formats are at a paradigm shift in India and the need of the hour is a place where the consumers are seeking the convenience of one-stop shopping which can be catered by none other than malls. In the past few years there has been a shift in India from individual retail outlets owned separately and managed distinctively and professionally for retailing. Things changed primarily because of rising expectations of Indian consumers Corporate houses in turn responded quickly to the needs of the consumers. The study addresses how factors within and outside the stores affect store-level shopping decision. Preference for certain retailer attributes differs by shopper and these preferences are reflected in store choice. Therefore, several retailer attribute act as reasons for store patronage. A questionnaire was designed to investigate store patronage relative to the importance and perception of selected attributes of the stores. The data were collected from retailers. Respondents were asked to describe their perception of store on the basis of various attributes. These attributes were then treated as variables/indicators in the study. The six main indicators on the basis of which retailers decide to go for specific type of retail format consisted of price, sales personnel, quality of merchandise, assortment of merchandise, advertising, services, and other convenience services. The data collected from 100 retailers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document