scholarly journals Alleviated Immunological Activities of Wistar Rat Peritoneal Neutrophils and Macrophages by Polysaccharide Rich Extract from the Fruit Bodies of Microporus vernicipes (Polyporales)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Oumar Mahamat ◽  
Chungong N. Miyanui ◽  
Tume Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Immunostimulatory Activity ◽  
Dye Reduction ◽  
High Production

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of polysaccharides from fruit body of Microporous vernicipes (Polyporales) on immunological activities of macrophages and neutrophils. Methodology: Polysaccharides were extracted using hot water (PHW) and cool water (PCW) and tested on the activities of peritoneal macrophage and neutrophil in response of lipopolysaccharides. The effect of the polysaccharides was examined In vitro to assess the phagocytic activities by evaluating the vacuole formation, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, lysosomal enzyme activity, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase in neutrophil and on neutrophil adherence assay. Results: The cool and hot water polysaccharides of Microporus vernicipes significantly improved the activities of macrophages and neutrophils as demonstrated by an elevated the formation of vacuole following by a high production of nitric oxide, lysosomal enzyme and superoxide. Those polysaccharides extracts of Microporous vernicipes also caused an increase in release of myeloperoxidase by neutrophils. Results also showed that neutrophils treated with polysaccharides extracts of Microporous vernicipes adhered more on a plastic surface than those untreated. It has been also found that polysaccharides of Microporous vernicipes may have cytotoxic effect at high concentration with IC50 of 2.28 and 8.15 mg/mL for PHW and PCW respectively. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides of Microporus vernicipes by stimulating activities of macrophages and neutrophils.

Abstract 6371: Gaseous nitric oxide at high concentration is a powerful anti-tumor agent both in-vitro and in-vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hila Confino ◽  
Steve Lisi ◽  
Rinat Kalaora ◽  
Matan Goldshtein ◽  
Amir Avniel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tumor Agent

scholarly journals Preparation of a Novel Glucuronomannan from Auricularia Auricala and its Immunological Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonghong Li ◽  
Dan Jiang ◽  
Hongtao Bi ◽  
Dazheng Liu ◽  
Sungju Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Ft Ir

A glucuronomannan (AA-4-H, Mw around 4 KDa) was prepared from the fruit bodies of Auricularia auricala by extraction with hot water, deproteination by Sevag reagent, stepwise precipitation with ethanol and partial acid hydrolysis. Monosaccharides analysis revealed that AA-4-H consisted of 91% mannose (Man) and 9% glucuronic acid (GlcA). FT-IR, NMR and methylation analyses indicated that AA-4-H is a branched glucuronomannan. Its main chains are composed of 1, 3-linked α-Man p, side chains are single α-Man p or α-GlcA residues attached to the O-2 and O-6 of Man residues of the main chains. Bioassay indicated that AA-4-H remarkably enhanced B lymphocyte proliferation and increased the production of nitric oxide of macrophages in vitro. Thus, glucuronomannan AA-4-H could be explored as a potential immunostimulation agent.

Cyclopia Extracts Enhance Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type T Cell Responses and Induce Foxp3+ Cells in Murine Cell Culture

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (05) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Murakami ◽  
Yutaka Miura ◽  
Makoto Hattori ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuda ◽  
Christiaan Malherbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Immunostimulatory Activity ◽  
Murine Splenocytes ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Cyclopia genistoides, one of the traditional South African medicinal plants, and other species of the same genus offer noteworthy phenolic profiles, in particular high levels of the anti-allergic xanthone mangiferin. Hot water and 40% ethanol-water (v/v) extracts, prepared from C. genistoides, Cyclopia subternata, and Cyclopia maculata, were tested for immune-regulating activity in vitro using murine splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells. The 40% ethanol-water extracts of C. genistoides and C. subternata significantly enhanced production of several types of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ, by antigen-stimulated splenocytes. A concentration-dependent response was observed, noticeably for IFN-γ production. The activity of the extracts did not correlate with the content of any of the major phenolic compounds, indicative that other extract constituents also play a role in immunomodulation. Additionally, the increased ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells to total CD4+ cells indicated induction of Foxp3+ cells when mesenteric lymph node cells were cultured in the presence of these two extracts. This study is the first reporting immunostimulatory activity for Cyclopia, which are widely consumed as the herbal tea known as honeybush, underpinning further investigations into the potential use of its extracts as adjuvants for mucosal immunotherapy.

Molecular Characterization of Two Polysaccharides from Phellinus vaninii Ljup and their Cytotoxicity to Cancer Cell Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1356-1363
Author(s):  
Xuewei Jia ◽  
Mingqi Gao ◽  
Mingzhe Li ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Ying Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Molecular Conformation ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Molecular Conformations ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Phellinus vaninii, a medicinal basidiomycete fungus, is often confused with Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus. Polysaccharides extract from P. igniarius and P. linteus are reported to stimulate humoral immunity and inhibit tumor growth However, available literature reviewed no information on the relationship between bioactivities and structures of polysaccharides from the fruit body of P. vaninii. Methods: Two water-soluble polysaccharides (PV-W, PV-B) were isolated and purified from fruiting bodies of P. vaninii by hot water and sodium hydroxide solution, respectively. The chemical structures of PV-W, PV-B were analyzed by FT-IR, GC-MS analysis and 13C NMR spectra. And, their molecular conformations were analyzed by viscosity method and SEC-MALLS-RI. Finally, their inhibition of cancer cells was investigated using MTT assay. Results: The results illustrated that PV-W was a heteropolysaccharide, mainly composed of mannose, glucose, arabinose and galactose. PV-B was a β-1, 3-D-glucan branched with β-1, 6-D-glucose. The results of viscometry proved that PV-W and PV-B could be molecularly dispersed in water without aggregation. The results of SECMALLS- RI indicated that the two polysaccharides had the similar Mw but different molecular conformation. That is, PV-W existed as a stable globular shape, while PV-B presented a more expanded flexible random coils conformation. MTT assay indicated that PV-B showed higher inhibition effect on HepG2 and HeLa cells than PV-W in vitro. Conclusion: This work provided the important information of active components from P. vaninii and its potential applications in the food and medicine industry.

scholarly journals Neither Excessive Nitric Oxide Accumulation nor Acute Hyperglycemia Affects the N-Acetylaspartate Network in Wistar Rat Brain Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8541
Author(s):  
Marlena Zyśk ◽  
Piotr Pikul ◽  
Robert Kowalski ◽  
Krzysztof Lewandowski ◽  
Monika Sakowicz-Burkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
The Impact

The N-acetylaspartate network begins in neurons with N-acetylaspartate production catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase from acetyl-CoA and aspartate. Clinical studies reported a significant depletion in N-acetylaspartate brain level in type 1 diabetic patients. The main goal of this study was to establish the impact of either hyperglycemia or oxidative stress on the N-acetylaspartate network. For the in vitro part of the study, embryonic rat primary neurons were treated by using a nitric oxide generator for 24 h followed by 6 days of post-treatment culture, while the neural stem cells were cultured in media with 25–75 mM glucose. For the in vivo part, male adult Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight, ip) to induce hyperglycemia (diabetes model) and euthanized 2 or 8 weeks later. Finally, the biochemical profile, NAT8L protein/Nat8l mRNA levels and enzymatic activity were analyzed. Ongoing oxidative stress processes significantly affected energy metabolism and cholinergic neurotransmission. However, the applied factors did not affect the N-acetylaspartate network. This study shows that reduced N-acetylaspartate level in type 1 diabetes is not related to oxidative stress and that does not trigger N-acetylaspartate network fragility. To reveal why N-acetylaspartate is reduced in this pathology, other processes should be considered.

Mepivacaine-induced contraction is attenuated by endothelial nitric oxide release in isolated rat aorta

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Jin Sung ◽  
Mun-Jeoung Choi ◽  
Seong-Ho Ok ◽  
Soo Hee Lee ◽  
Il Jeong Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Krebs Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
Isolated Rat

Mepivacaine is an aminoamide-linked local anesthetic with an intermediate duration that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro. The aims of this in-vitro study were to examine the direct effect of mepivacaine in isolated rat aortic rings and to determine the associated cellular mechanism with a particular focus on endothelium-derived vasodilators, which modulate vascular tone. In the aortic rings with or without endothelium, cumulative mepivacaine concentration–response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following antagonists: Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester [l-NAME], indomethacin, fluconazole, methylene blue, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one [ODQ], verapamil, and calcium-free Krebs solution. Mepivacaine produced vasoconstriction at low concentrations (1 × 10−3 and 3 × 10−3 mol/L) followed by vasodilation at a high concentration (1 × 10−2 mol/L). The mepivacaine-induced contraction was higher in endothelium-denuded aortae than in endothelium-intact aortae. Pretreatment with l-NAME, ODQ, and methylene blue enhanced mepivacaine-induced contraction in the endothelium-intact rings, whereas fluconazole had no effect. Indomethacin slightly attenuated mepivacaine-induced contraction, whereas verapamil and calcium-free Krebs solution more strongly attenuated this contraction. The vasoconstriction induced by mepivacaine is attenuated mainly by the endothelial nitric oxide – cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. In addition, mepivacaine-induced contraction involves cyclooxygenase pathway activation and extracellular calcium influx via voltage-operated calcium channels.

Isoflurane- and Halothane-mediated Dilation of Distal Bronchi in the Rat Depends on the Epithelium 

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung W. Park ◽  
Hai B. Dai ◽  
Edward Lowenstein ◽  
Olivier N. Kocher ◽  
Frank W. Sellke
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Background Respiratory epithelium releases substance(s) that can modulate bronchoconstriction in response to constrictive agonists and enhance bronchodilation in response to certain bronchodilators. The hypothesis that the bronchodilatory effect of isoflurane and halothane depends on the epithelium was tested in rat distal bronchial segments. Methods Wistar rat bronchial segments of the fourth order (diameter approximately 100 microns) were dissected. After preconstriction with 5-hydroxytryptamine, each bronchial segment was exposed to increasing concentrations of 0% to 3% isoflurane or 0% to 3% halothane under four conditions: after epithelial rubbing, after pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine, after pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, or with no preintervention (control). Changes in bronchial diameter were monitored using an in vitro video detection system. Results Both isoflurane and halothane produced concentration-dependent bronchodilation (P < 0.001 for either anesthetic; 40% +/- 11% [mean +/- SD] dilation for 3% isoflurane and 57% +/- 10% dilation for 3% halothane). For both anesthetics, bronchodilation was significantly but incompletely attenuated by epithelial rubbing (12% +/- 7% dilation for 3% isoflurane [P < 0.01] and 31% +/- 10% dilation for 3% halothane [P < 0.01]), by pretreatment with indomethacin (20% +/- 8% dilation for 3% isoflurane [P < 0.02] and 21% +/- 9% dilation for 3% halothane [P < 0.001]), or by L-NNA (9% +/- 7% dilation for 3% isoflurane [P < 0.005] and 39% +/- 12% dilation for 3% halothane [P < 0.05]). Epithelial rubbing did not impair nitroprusside-associated bronchodilation. Conclusions Isoflurane- and halothane-mediated bronchodilation depends at least partially on the epithelium and may involve both a prostanoid and nitric oxide in distal rat bronchi.

In Vitro Cytotoxic, Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Plantago major and Plantago asiatica

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien-Chai Chiang ◽  
Wen Chiang ◽  
Mei-Yin Chang ◽  
Chun-Ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Plantago Asiatica

Plantago major Linn. and P. asiatica Linn. (Plantaginaceae) are commonly used as folk medicine in Taiwan for treating infectious diseases related to the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. In this study, we investigated the antiviral, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities of hot water extracts of these two species in vitro on a series of viruses, namely herpesviruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), adenoviruses (ADV-3, ADV-8 and ADV-11), and on various human leukemia, lymphoma and carcinoma cells with XTT, BrdU and IFN-γ kits. Results showed that hot water extract of P. asiatica possessed significant inhibitory activity on the proliferation of lymphoma (U937) and carcinoma (bladder, bone, cervix, kidney, lung and stomach) cells and on viral infection (HSV-2 and ADV-11). P. major and P. asiatica both exhibited dual effects of immunodulatory activity, enhancing lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of interferon-γ at low concentrations (< 50 μg/ml), but inhibiting this effect at high concentration (< 50 μg/ml). The present study concludes that hot water extracts of P. major and P. asiatica possess a broad-spectrum of antileukemia, anticarcinoma and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. Further investigations to elucidate the active component(s) of P. asiatica and P. major and to evaluate their clinical application are warranted.

502: Pressure Induces Nitric Oxide Production by Human Ureteral Cells in Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
Michael M. Ohebshalom ◽  
Stella K. Maeng ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Dix P. Poppas ◽  
Diane Felsen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production
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