scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Uropathogenic E. coli and its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern with Special Reference to Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (Esbl)

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
V. Naveen Kumar ◽  
Chitralekha Saikumar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbial Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common bacterial infection among the humans. One of the most important factors impacting the management of UTI over the past decade is emergence of anti-microbial resistance among uropathogens. ESBL production is one of the most common mechanisms of anti-microbial resistance, the other being Amp C β-lactamases in gram negative bacteria. This study was undertaken to establish the prevalence of ESBL producing strains and their anti-microbial susceptibility pattern to newer agents to guide therapy for urinary tract infection. The present studies isolates and identify Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern with special reference to ESBL. The emergence of β-lactamase is a Metter of serious concern .The drug resistance in gram negative bacilli is due to production of β-lactamases, AmpC lactamases, Efflux mechanisms and Porin deficiency. Out of the total 3580 urine samples, 987 samples (27.56%) showed No growth, 1786 (49.88%) showed the presence of Gram negative bacteria. Totally, 1081 E. coli species were isolated and < 30% of them were found to be ESBL positive. Uropathogenic E. coli   isolates are highly susceptible towards Meropenem and Imipenem antibiotics and highly resistant towards β-lactam and Cephalosporins antibiotics. Hence, the present study urged to implement the management plan for using those antibiotics in patients for preventing the antibiotic resistance.

Bacterial Pattern of Community acquired Urinary Tract Infections: A Challenge for Antimicrobial Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Nader A. Nemr ◽  
Rania M. Kishk ◽  
Mohammed Abdou ◽  
Hassnaa Nassar ◽  
Noha M Abu bakr Elsaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common bacterial infections seen in health care. To our knowledge, there is no available antimicrobial resistance surveillance system for monitoring of community-acquired UTIs (CA- UTIs) in our country. Objectives: we aimed to discuss the bacterial pattern and resistance profile of CA-UTIs in Ismailia, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 400 patients suffering from symptoms of acute UTIs. Urine specimens were collected by clean-catch mid-stream method, examined microscopically and inoculated immediately on blood agar and MacConkey's agar plates. Colony counting, isolation and identification of the urinary pathogens were performed by the conventional biochemical tests according to the isolated organism. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Interpretation was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: out of 400 specimens, 136 of them revealed no bacterial growth or insignificant bacteriuria. Most of participants with UTI were females (81.8%) (p=0.008) and 54.5% of them were married (P=0.1). Gram negative bacteria were more common than Gram positive representing 66 % and 34% respectively. E. coli was the most common isolated organism (39%) followed by S. aureus (32%), K. Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas (10.5% for each), Proteus (6%) and Enterococci (2%). E. coli isolates showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Most of our patients were diabetics (64.8%) (p=0.004). The mean ± SD of HbA1c was 6.4±2.0 with 4 to 12.6 range, S.E was 0.1 and 95% C.I was 6.2- 6.7. The highest mean ± SD of HbA1c was in S. aureus infections. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were most common than Gram positive with predominance of E. coli with significant relation to the presence of diabetes.

scholarly journals URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
I.N. Shishimorov ◽  
◽  
O.V. Magnitskaya ◽  
O.V. Shatalova ◽  
N.F. Shaposhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rational Pharmacotherapy ◽  
Important Clinical Problem ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

The review addresses the main issues related to the rational pharmacotherapy of urinary tract infection (UTI). UTIs are a common and important clinical problem in children. Among UTI causative agents in children are dominated by gram-negative bacteria, E. coli. According to modern clinical guidelines, the leading direction in the treatment of UTI in children is antibiotic therapy, which should be prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of microorganisms. Drugs of choice for UTI in children: cephalosporins or protected aminopenicillins

scholarly journals Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Hospital and Community-acquired Urinary Tract Infections by Escherichia coli: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanyu Zhou ◽  
Xiaoju Lv
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

AbstractIn recent years, antimicrobial resistance has been increasingly reported. One main concern is the resistance of gram-negative bacteria like E. coli to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones). Gram-negative bacteria are the main cause of community and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). We aimed to review and analyze the data on ciprofloxacin resistance in hospital and community-acquired UTI. A literature search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane) was performed. We considered the papers that were published from January 2004 to May 2019. The search yielded a total of 16097 studies besides 31 studies from a manual search. Filtering yielded 1297 relevant full-text papers. Eighty-three papers, equivalent of 99 cohorts, were finally included in this systematic review and in the analysis. The analysis results suggest that pooled ciprofloxacin resistance for community and hospital-acquired E. coli UTI is 0.27 (95% CI 0.246–0.303) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.22–0.38), respectively. Pooled resistance rates according to regions are 0.43 (95% CI 0.31–0.54) for Asia ensued by Africa 0.31 (95% CI 0.22–0.35), the Middle East 0.21(95% CI 0.13-0.30), Europe 0.18 (95% CI 0.13-0.22), and Australia 0.06 (95% CI 0.04-0.08). The pooled estimates revealed that ciprofloxacin resistance was higher in developing countries compared to that in developed countries, 0.35 (95% CI 0.30-0.40) and 0.13 (95% CI 0.10-0.16), respectively. Finally, plotting resistance over time deemed statistically significant (n= 79, r= 0.29, p= 0.038). Our findings suggest that ciprofloxacin resistance among UTI patients is a highly prevalent and serious issue. The suggested risks are low-income, acquiring hospital infection, and falling in highly-vulnerable regions like Asia and Africa. We also shed light on some approaches to correct the perception of patients and general practitioners (GPs) for antibiotic usage. We also suggest ideas to impede the progress of the post-antibiotic era in countries known for high antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Colistin- and Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Harboring mcr-1 and bla NDM-5 , Causing a Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in a Patient from the United States: TABLE 1 

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Mediavilla ◽  
Amee Patrawalla ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Kalyan D. Chavda ◽  
Barun Mathema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Colistin is increasingly used as an antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections. The plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was initially identified in animal and clinical samples from China and subsequently reported worldwide, including in the United States. Of particular concern is the spread of mcr-1 into carbapenem-resistant bacteria, thereby creating strains that approach pan-resistance. While several reports of mcr-1 have involved carbapenem-resistant strains, no such isolates have been described in the United States. Here, we report the isolation and identification of an Escherichia coli strain harboring both mcr-1 and carbapenemase gene bla NDM-5 from a urine sample in a patient without recent travel outside the United States. The isolate exhibited resistance to both colistin and carbapenems, but was susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The mcr-1 - and bla NDM-5 -harboring plasmids were completely sequenced and shown to be highly similar to plasmids previously reported from China. The strain in this report was first isolated in August 2014, highlighting an earlier presence of mcr-1 within the United States than previously recognized. IMPORTANCE Colistin has become the last line of defense for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics, in particular carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Resistance to colistin, encoded by the plasmid-borne gene mcr-1 , was first identified in animal and clinical samples from China in November 2015 and has subsequently been reported from numerous other countries. In April 2016, mcr-1 was identified in a carbapenem-susceptible Escherichia coli strain from a clinical sample in the United States, followed by a second report from a carbapenem-susceptible E. coli strain originally isolated in May 2015. We report the isolation and identification of an E. coli strain harboring both colistin ( mcr-1 ) and carbapenem ( bla NDM-5 ) resistance genes, originally isolated in August 2014 from urine of a patient with recurrent urinary tract infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the United States of a clinical bacterial isolate with both colistin and carbapenem resistance, highlighting the importance of active surveillance efforts for colistin- and carbapenem-resistant organisms.

In Vitro antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from goat’s raw milk of Mostaganem (West Algeria) against Gram negative bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Zergoug Amina ◽  
Cheriguene Abderrahim ◽  
Chougrani Fadela
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
West Algeria

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a serious bacterial pathological challenges all over the world, leading to respiratory infections, that’s why new strategies don’t cease to develop. Lactic acid bacteria having shown beneficial effects for years in various areas, may prove to be excellent candidates in medical field. The current research focused on the selection of lactic acid bacteria having the potential of an antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria responsible for UTI, for an eventual use as a therapeutic agent. A total of 40 isolates were isolated from goat’s raw milk of Mostaganem (West Algeria). In vitro tests were conducted in order to determine the efficiency of the isolates to produce antibacterial agents in interaction with uropathogens. Among 40 isolates, only 10 isolates identified as Lactobacilli and Lactococci were performant. The Screening showed that the inhibitor agent was proteinaceous substance. Therfore, it is noted that a treatment with presence of LAB is very encouraging as a result of the production of bacteriocin-like substance. On the other hand, LAB can be considered as a good alter-native to the large extent to the antibiotics in the treatment of UTI.

Antibiogram of Gram Negative Uropathogens in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Milind Davane ◽  
Sanjivani Mundhe
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Background: Globally, urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered a major public health concern and the second most common bacterial infection affecting individuals of different ages worldwide. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by multiplicity of microorganisms. The chronicity of different bacterial isolates and their propensity to various antibiotics may differ widely, particularly in hospitalized patients, that makes the study of susceptibility pattern mandatory for a proper selection of antibiotics. Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the Gram negative organisms isolated from urine cultures of hospitalized patients. Material and Methods: A total of 500 urine samples from hospitalized patients which showed significant bacteriuria were studied. Samples were inoculated on Blood agar and MacConckey agar. Further identification and study of organisms was done by standard Microbiological methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern was studied by Modified Kirby- Bauer’s disc diffusion method with the panel of 15 drugs as per Clinical Laboratories Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: UTIs were found more common in females 290 (58%). Commonest organism found was Escherichia coli 260 (52%) followed by Klebsiella spp. 120 (24%), Pseudomonas spp. 40 (8%), Proteus spp. 38 (7.6%), Citrobacter spp. 25 (5%) and Acinetobacter spp. 17 (3.4%). Majority of the strains were found sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and cotrimoxazole. Commonly prescribed fluroquinolones were found least effective for treatment of UTI. All the strains were found sensitive to imipenem. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) was noted in E.coli and in Klebsiella spp. Conclusion: To discourage the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and to prevent further development of bacterial drug resistance, proper knowledge of susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in particular area is very important before prescribing any empirical antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROFLORA FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY CAGED PARROTS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akhter ◽  
MT Hossain ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
MP Siddique ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The research work was conducted to isolate and identify the microflora from apparently healthy caged parrots. A total of 45 samples (oral swabs, cloacal swabs and feces) were collected from five types of caged parrots (Gray cockatiels, Rose ringed parakeet, Alexandriane parakeet, Red breast parakeet and Blossom headed parakeet) of Dhaka Zoo during the period from April to August 2009. The samples were cultured on different bacteriological media and the bacteria were identified by their cultural and biochemical properties. All the isolates were allowed for antibiogram study. The bacteria isolated in this study from different types of caged parrots were E. coli (64.44%), Salmonella spp. (46.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (46.67%), Pasteurella spp. (33.33%), Proteus spp. (6.67%) and some unidentified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Of these isolates, E. coli was the most frequent isolate. The frequency of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in this study. The percentage of bacterial isolates recovered from each type of parrots was almost similar. Irrespective of types of parrots, the higher percentage of different bacteria was isolated from cloacal swab (77.78%) followed by feces (75.56%). The 68.89% isolates were recovered from oral swab. All the suspected isolates of Salmonella spp. were confirmed by slide agglutination test using Salmonella polyvalent ‘O’ antiserum. Among the 21 Salmonella spp. isolated in this study, 4 (19.05%) isolates were identified as S. Pullorum when tested with specific antisera against S. Pullorum. The results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that ampicillin and amoxicillin were completely resistant to E. coli and Pasteurella spp.; ampicillin to Proteus spp.; and furazolidone to Salmonella spp. and Pasteurella spp. However, the antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates. Of these, ciprofloxacin was found to be consistently highly sensitive to all the bacterial isolates. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8349 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 05-10

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