scholarly journals Antileishmanial Activity of Cassia fistula L., Morus nigra L. and Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Plant Extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 466-471
Author(s):  
Kashif Iqbal ◽  
Eshwa Dar ◽  
Abdul Rashid Shaikh ◽  
Samar Akhtar ◽  
. Marvi
Keyword(s):  
Lesion Size ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Antileishmanial Activities

Aim: To investigate the different antileishmanial activities of extracts of Cassia Fistula L., Morus Nigra L. and Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. Methodology: In this method, three (03) plants having concentrations between 500 – 2000 µg/mL were subjected to KWH23 strains of L. tropica in which Standard drug was Amphotericin B and have negative control for 24 – 48 hours. To check the in-vivo studies, plant extract was tested on BALB/c mice (Iqbal et al., 2016). Results: It showed that inhibition (mean) of KWH23 strains at 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 µg/mL after 48 hours were 92.1 ± 0.02, 95.00 ± 0.05, 97.09 ± 0.07 and 98.05 ± 0.05 % respectively. It decreased the lesion size (mean) from 0.8 ± 0.1 mm to 0.40 ± 0.2 mm having significance value p < 0.01 after 8th week, and cure at 200 mg/Kg against intracellular amastigotes in BALB/c mice was 90.00% (95% Cl = 80.05 – 97.00). Conclusion: The result shows that Ziziphus jujuba Mill. leaves possess significant antileishmanial activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antileishmanial Activities of Hypocrellins A and B

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4450-4452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyi Ma ◽  
Shabana I. Khan ◽  
Melissa R. Jacob ◽  
Babu L. Tekwani ◽  
Zuqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Hypocrellin A ◽  
Hypocrellin B ◽  
Antileishmanial Activities

ABSTRACT Hypocrellins A and B were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and antileishmanial activities. Hypocrellin A exhibited promising activity against Candida albicans and moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycobacterium intracellulare. Hypocrellin B showed weak antimicrobial activities. Hypocrellin A exhibited potent antileishmanial activity, while hypocrellin B was only moderately active. These results of promising antifungal and antileishmanial activity of hypocrellin A may be useful for further structure-activity relationship and in vivo studies.

In silico studies of bacterial derived fatty acid as a potential inhibitor of 1FGE and 1BQO

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
S. Syed Chandini ◽  
Sairam Mantri
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Potential Inhibitor ◽  
In Silico Studies

Thrombomodulin (TM) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) are the major factors that are responsible for lung cancer. Hence, the identification of novel compounds inhibiting TM and MMPs is the challenging task for the scientists. Even though synthetic drugs were developed, their toxicity and offtarget limit their usage. The current study aims to investigate the molecular simulations for bacterial derived stearic acid to estimate the in silico anticancer activity against TM and MMPs protein as target compounds and the findings were correlated with the standard drug vorinostat. Using Lamarckian genetic algorithm, the TM and MMPs were energy minimized and docked with stearic acid and vorinostat using auto dock 4.2 and visualized in PyMol software. Protein and ligand binding analysis revealed that stearic acid interacts with the amino acids of MMPs residues of PHE83, SER212, ALA213 and ASN214. It interacts with the TMs with two amino acid residues i.e. CYS407 and GLU408. Hence, compared to vorinostat, stearic acid shows a higher binding affinity towards MMPs and slightly lower affinity towards TM proteinase. We conclude that the computational analysis of ligand binding interaction of stearic acid suggests that it could be a potential inhibitor of matrix metallo proteinase and is effective against thrombomodulin and can be considered as an anticancer agent by in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Brazilian Red Propolis Is as Effective as Amoxicillin in Controlling Red-Complex of Multispecies Subgingival Mature Biofilm In Vitro

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Kadmo Azevedo de Figueiredo ◽  
Helio Doyle Pereira da Silva ◽  
Stela Lima Farias Miranda ◽  
Francisco Jerfeson dos Santos Gonçalves ◽  
Arlene Pereira de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Hybridization Data ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Actinomyces Species

This study investigated the effects of Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) extract on seven-day-old multispecies subgingival biofilms. Mixed biofilm cultures containing 31 species associated with periodontal health or disease were grown for six days on a Calgary device. Then, mature biofilms were treated for 24 h with BRP extract at different concentrations (200–1600 µg/mL), amoxicillin (AMOXI) at 54 µg/mL (positive control) or vehicle (negative control). Biofilm metabolic activity was determined by colorimetry, and bacterial counts/proportions were determined by DNA–DNA hybridization. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests. Treatment with BRP at 1600, 800 and 400 μg/mL reduced biofilm metabolic activity by 56%, 56% and 57%, respectively, as compared to 65% reduction obtained with AMOXI. Mean total cell counts were significantly reduced in all test groups (~50–55%). Lower proportions of red, green and yellow complex species were observed upon treatment with BRP (400 µg/mL) and AMOXI, but only AMOXI reduced the proportions of Actinomyces species. In conclusion, BRP extract was as effective as AMOXI in killing seven-day-old multispecies biofilm pathogens and did not affect the levels of the host-compatible Actinomyces species. These data suggest that BRP may be an alternative to AMOXI as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. In vivo studies are needed to validate these results.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Post-Ischaemic Viral Delivery of Heat Shock Proteins in vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina A Badin ◽  
Michael Modo ◽  
Mike Cheetham ◽  
David L Thomas ◽  
David G Gadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones involved in protein folding, transport and degradation and, in addition, they can promote cell survival both in vitro and in vivo after a range of stresses. Although some in vivo studies have suggested that HSP27 and HSP70 can be neuroprotective, current evidence is limited, particularly when HSPs have been delivered after an insult. The effect of overexpressing HSPs after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats was investigated by delivering an attenuated herpes simplex viral vector (HSV-1) engineered to express HSP27 or HSP70 30 mins after tissue reperfusion. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to determine lesion size and cerebral blood flow at six different time points up to 1 month after stroke. Animals underwent two sensorimotor tests at the same time points to assess the relationship between lesion size and function. Results indicate that post-ischaemic viral delivery of HSP27, but not of HSP70, caused a statistically significant reduction in lesion size and induced a significant behavioural improvement compared with controls. This is the first evidence of effective post-ischaemic gene therapy with a viral vector expressing HSP27 in an experimental model of stroke.

scholarly journals A Neutralizing Prolactin Receptor Antibody Whose In Vivo Application Mimics the Phenotype of Female Prolactin Receptor-Deficient Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (11) ◽  
pp. 4365-4373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Otto ◽  
Anna Särnefält ◽  
Anne Ljungars ◽  
Siegmund Wolf ◽  
Beate Rohde-Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Prolactin Synthesis ◽  
Deficient Mice

The prolactin receptor (PRLR) has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes (lactation, reproduction) and diseases (breast cancer, autoimmune diseases). Prolactin synthesis in the pituitary and extrapituitary sites is regulated by different promoters. Dopamine receptor agonists such as bromocriptine can only interfere with pituitary prolactin synthesis and thus do not induce a complete blockade of PRLR signaling. Here we describe the identification of a human monoclonal antibody 005-C04 that blocks PRLR-mediated signaling at nanomolar concentrations in vitro. In contrast to a negative control antibody, the neutralizing PRLR antibody 005-C04 inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation in T47D cells and proliferation of BaF3 cells stably expressing murine or human PRLRs in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo application of this new function-blocking PRLR antibody reflects the phenotype of PRLR-deficient mice. After antibody administration female mice become infertile in a reversible manner. In lactating dams, the antibody induces mammary gland involution and negatively interferes with lactation capacity as evidenced by reduced milk protein expression in mammary glands and impaired litter weight gain. Antibody-mediated blockade of the PRLR in vivo stimulates hair regrowth in female mice. Compared with peptide-derived PRLR antagonists, the PRLR antibody 005-C04 exhibits several advantages such as higher potency, noncompetitive inhibition of PRLR signaling, and a longer half-life, which allows its use as a tool compound also in long-term in vivo studies. Therefore, we suggest that this antibody will help to further our understanding of the role of auto- and paracrine PRLR signaling in health and disease.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Synthetic Peptides RP-1 and AA-RP-1 against Leishmania SpeciesIn VitroandIn Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Crisel B. Erfe ◽  
Consuelo V. David ◽  
Cher Huang ◽  
Victoria Lu ◽  
Ana Claudia Maretti-Mira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Antileishmanial Activities ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

ABSTRACTHost defense peptides are naturally occurring molecules that play essential roles in innate immunity to infection. Based on prior structure-function knowledge, we tested two synthetic peptides (RP-1 and AA-RP-1) modeled on the conserved, microbicidal α-helical domain of mammalian CXCL4 platelet kinocidins. These peptides were evaluated for efficacy againstLeishmaniaspecies, the causative agents of the group of diseases known as leishmaniasis.In vitroantileishmanial activity was assessed against three distinctLeishmaniastrains by measuring proliferation, metabolic activity and parasite viability after exposure to various concentrations of peptides. We demonstrate that micromolar concentrations of RP-1 and AA-RP-1 caused dose-dependent growth inhibition ofLeishmaniapromastigotes. This antileishmanial activity correlated with rapid membrane disruption, as well as with a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In addition, RP-1 and AA-RP-1 demonstrated distinct and significantin vivoantileishmanial activities in a mouse model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis after intravenous administration. These results establish efficacy of RP-1 lineage synthetic peptides againstLeishmaniaspeciesin vitroand after intravenous administrationin vivoand provide further validation of proof of concept for the development of these and related systemic anti-infective peptides targeting pathogens that are resistant to conventional antibiotics.

scholarly journals Environmental Modulation of Oral Treponeme Virulence in a Murine Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2783-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmyya Kesavalu ◽  
Stanley C. Holt ◽  
Jeffrey L. Ebersole
Keyword(s):  
Lesion Size ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Environmental Alteration ◽  
Induction Kinetics ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Systemic Manifestations

ABSTRACT This investigation examined the effects of environmental alteration on the virulence of the oral treponemes Treponema denticolaand Treponema pectinovorum. The environmental effects were assessed by using a model of localized inflammatory abscesses in mice. In vitro growth of T. denticola and T. pectinovorum as a function of modification of the cysteine concentration significantly enhanced abscess formation and size. In contrast, growth of T. denticola or T. pectinovorum under iron-limiting conditions (e.g., dipyridyl chelation) had no effect on abscess induction in comparison to that when the strains were grown under normal iron conditions. In vivo modulation of the microenvironment at the focus of infection with Cytodex beads demonstrated that increasing the local inflammation had no effect on lesion induction or size. In vivo studies involved the determination of the effects of increased systemic iron availability (e.g., iron dextran or phenylhydrazine) on the induction, kinetics, and size of lesions. T. denticola induced significantly larger lesions in mice with iron pretreatment and demonstrated systemic manifestations of the infectious challenge and an accompanying spreading lesion with phenylhydrazine pretreatment (e.g., increases in circulating free hemoglobin). In contrast, T. pectinovorum virulence was minimally affected by this in vivo treatment to increase iron availability. T. denticolavirulence, as evaluated by lesion size, was increased additively by in vivo iron availability, and cysteine modified growth of the microorganism. Additionally, galactosamine sensitized mice to a lethal outcome following infection with both T. denticola andT. pectinovorum, suggesting an endotoxin-like activity in these treponemes. These findings demonstrated the ability to modify the virulence capacity of T. denticola andT. pectinovorum by environmental conditions which can be evaluated by using in vivo murine models.

scholarly journals In-Vivo Studies of the Angiogenic Potential of Mandur Bhasma

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Ekta Tomar ◽  
Sonali Wairagade ◽  
Arachana Gharote ◽  
Ranjit S. Ambad ◽  
Dhruba Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Angiogenic Potential ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Cam Model

Background: Mandur Bhasma is a herbo-mineral compound. It is prepared by Putapaka method. It is described as Raktasanjanan. In the current study, Mandur Bhasma was prepared with a standardized method w.s.r to Rasatarangini and an experimental study was done to observe the Angiogenic property of Mandur Bhasma. The current study will analyze angiogenic potential of Mandur Bhasma using chick CAM model. This research is intended to study the possible role of Mandur Bhasma on angiogenesis and establishing properties of Mandur Bhasma as an angiogenic by newer means. The experimental study inside the egg shell will be carried out on a membrane known as “chorioallantoic membrane”. Objectives: To Prepare Mandur Bhasma Physicochemical and Analytical study of Mandur Bhasma To verify the angiogenic potential of Mandur bhasma using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. To compare Angeogenic potential of Mandur bhasma with standard drug progesterone Methodology: Relevant classical literature regarding Mandur will be reviewed and the data will be collected. Mandur Shodhan with Gomutra and Mandur Maran with Triphala decoction will be done. Analytical Study like Organoleptic Test for Rasa, Gandha, Varna, Sparsha, Physicochemical Tests and other analytical test like ICP-AES /ICPMS, XRD structure of Bhasma, EDAX-NANO Particle Size will be done. Expected Results: Changes will be observed in objective outcomes. Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn by suitably analyzing data.

scholarly journals Effects of photopolymerisation on genotoxicity of composite adhesives in the comet assay

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-627
Author(s):  
Stefan Dacic ◽  
Ninoslav Djelic ◽  
Milena Radakovic ◽  
Nada Lakic ◽  
Aleksandar Veselinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isolated Human Lymphocytes

Certain in vivo studies have shown that the application of adhesives directly onto the open pulp or on a thin layer of dentin causes inflammation and pulpal abscesses. This reaction is related to toxic effects of monomers from adhesives. It has been confirmed that after proper illumination the adhesives become less toxic. The aim of the study was to examine genotoxicity of non-polymerised, partly polymerised and polymerised adhesives on isolated human lymphocytes using the alkaline Comet assay. Adper Single bond2 and Adper Easy One/3M ESPE adhesive photopolymerisation was performed by Elipar Highlight 3M ESPE halogen lamp for 0, 10 and 40 sec, at final concentrations of 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ?g/mL. With both adhesives, photopolymerisation at 0 and 10 seconds showed statistically significant increase in DNA damage in comparision to the negative control (solvent). On the other hand, after 40 seconds of photopolymerisation of both adhesives in all tested concentrations, the degree of DNA damage in Comet assay had no significant difference (P>0.05, ?2 test) compared to the negative control. Therefore, only the 40 seconds of photopolymerisation prevented genotoxic effects of both adhesives in the Comet assay.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of Osyris quadripartita Decne (Santalaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1983334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Yigzaw Teferi ◽  
Mohammedbirhan Abdulwuhab ◽  
Jibril Seid Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Different Doses

The leaf of Osyris quadripartita is traditionally used for the management of diarrhea in different parts of Ethiopia. However, its use has not been scientifically validated for its efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of O. quadripartita in mice models. Different doses of the methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil–induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models in Swiss Albino mice. The activities of the extract at different doses were compared with standard drugs and negative control groups of mice. The extract at all tested doses resulted in significant reduction ( P < .01) in number of wet feces, whereas significant reduction ( P < .01) in frequency of defecation in castor oil–induced diarrhea was seen at a dose of 400 mg/kg. It also showed a dose-dependent and significant reduction of volume of intestinal content in the enteropooling model at all tested doses and the observed results in 200 and 400 mg/kg were better than the standard drug, loperamide. However, significant antimotility effect was not observed at any of the tested doses. From these results we can conclude that methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita showed antidiarrheal activity.

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