scholarly journals Determination of Maxillary Incisal Edge Position using Canine Visibility as a Guide – An In vivo Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Ankita Piplani ◽  
G. Ganadhipathi ◽  
M. C. Suresh Sajjan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Incisal Edge ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Purpose:  To evaluate the reliability of the visibility of the central incisor & the canine for the cervico incisal positioning of anterior maxillary teeth related to age & sex while the upper lip was in repose in dentate patients & the development of rehabilitation recommendations for edentulous individuals with regard to the location of the maxillary incisal edge Methodology: 308 subjects [152 Males & 156 Females] belonging to the age of 30 to 59 years were selected using a simple stratified random technique. There were three age and sex groups: Group I was 30 to 39 years old, Group II was 40 to 49 years old, and Group III was 50 to 59 years old. The vertical distances (in mm) between the lower border of the upper lip and the right maxillary central incisal edge and canine tip were measured and recorded using adhesive tape marked with millimetres. A single examiner recorded all the measurements and the values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Men in Groups I and II had maxillary central incisor exposure ranging from +6 to -1mm, whereas males in Group III had exposure ranging from +5 to -2mm. There was an exposure range of +6 to -2 mm in females in Group I, +7 to -2 mm in Group II, and +5 to -2 mm in Group III for the central incisors. While the canine exposure in Group I and II and Group III ranged from +2 to -4mm in females, the exposure ranged from +3 to -3mm in men of all ages. In all groups, females had statistically significant (P0.05) more central incisor and canine exposure than men. Conclusions: The canine visibility was less variable in all the age groups and in both males and females in comparison to the central incisor. When restoring edentulous individuals, the average canine exposure dimension can be employed for cervico-incisal location of the anterior maxillary teeth.

RESULTS OF MONITORING OF REPEATED DISABILITY DUE TO THYROID CANCER IN THE ADULT POPULATION IN MOSCOW

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
G.E. Pogosyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Disability Group ◽  
Group Ii

Among socially significant diseases that are characterized by high prevalence rates, malignant neoplasms occupy the leading positions. Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the endocrine system. Purpose of the study. Analysis of recurrent disability due to thyroid cancer in the adult population in Moscow (2015–2019). Materials and research methods. The structure of repeated disability due to thyroid cancer by sex, age and disability group was studied. The dynamics of the number of the PPI contingent was traced and the level of repeated disability due to this pathology was determined. The number of observations was 4660 PPI. Research results. It was found that in the structure of repeated disability due to thyroid cancer, women predominated by gender. The trend towards an increase in the number of PPI took place in all major age groups of the adult population. The prevalence of PPI with group III disability, the proportion of which was 66.0% (PPI with group II – 32.5%, PPI with group I – 1.5%). The visibility indicator in 2019 in relation to 2015 (taken as 100%) was equal in the general contingent of PPI among disabled people of group I – 142.9%, group II – 374.1%, group III – 249.3% ...

scholarly journals Group I, II, and III mGluR Compounds Affect Rhythm Generation in the Gastric Circuit of the Crustacean Stomatogastric Ganglion

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1188-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulf D. Krenz ◽  
Don Nguyen ◽  
Nivia L. Pérez-Acevedo ◽  
Allen I. Selverston
Keyword(s):  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Stomatogastric Ganglion ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Rhythm Generation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Specific Antagonist ◽  
Group Ii

We have studied the effects of group I, II, and III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists on rhythm generation by the gastric circuit of the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus. All mGluR agonists and some antagonists we tested in this study had clear and distinct effects on gastric rhythm generation when superfused over combined oscillating or blocked silent STG preparations. A consistent difference between group I agonists and group II and III agonists was that group I agonists acted excitatory. The group I-specific agonists l-quisqualic acid and ( S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, as well as the nonspecific agonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid accelerated ongoing rhythms and could induce gastric rhythms in silent preparations. The group II agonist (2S,1′S,2′S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-I) and the group III agonist l(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (l-AP4) slowed down or completely blocked ongoing gastric rhythms and were without detectable effect on silent preparations. The action of L-CCG-I was blocked partially by the group-II-specific antagonist, (RS)-1-amino-5-phosphonoindan-1-carboxylic acid [(RS)APICA], and the group-III-specific antagonist (RS)-α-methyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine completely blocked the action of l-AP4. Besides its antagonistic action, the group-II-specific antagonist (RS)APICA had a remarkably strong apparent inverse agonist action when applied alone on oscillating preparations. The action of all drugs was dose dependent and reversible, although recovery was not always complete. In our experiments, the effects of none of the mGluR-specific agonists were antagonized or amplified by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor-specific antagonistd(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, excluding the contamination of responses to mGluR agonists by nonspecific cross-reactivity with NMDA receptors. Picrotoxin did not prevent the inhibitory action of L-CCG-I and l-AP4. We conclude that mGluRs, probably similar to those belonging to groups I, II, and III described in mammals, may play a role as modulators of gastric circuit rhythm generation in vivo.

scholarly journals A Study to Evaluate and Compare Right and Left Condylar Discrepancy between Centric Relation and Maximum Intercuspation in Three Age Groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Chetan Hegde ◽  
Swapnil Mahade ◽  
Krishna Prasad D.
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Orientation Relation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Centric Relation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right

<strong><em>Background</em>:</strong>Since discrepancy between centric relation and maximum intercuspation has been an area of interest for dental fraternity for decades, the study was conducted to expand the concepts of the same when age is taken into consideration.<p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study was conducted to assess and measure the discrepancy between centric relation (CR) and maximum intercuspation (MI) at right and left condyles in three age groups, compare the discrepancy at right and left condyles between three age groups and right and left side condyles within the same age group.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Sixty healthy subjects were selected and divided into three groups of twenty subjects each. Group I: 18-25 years, Group II: 30-45 years and Group III: more than fifty years. Preliminary impressions were made. Orientation relation was transferred to a semi-adjustable arcon articulator. Subjects were guided into centric relation using Dawson's bimanual manipulation technique and centric interocclusal record was made. The mandibular cast was related to the maxillary cast using centric interocclusal record. The casts were then allowed to fall into maximum intercuspation and the distance that the condylar analogues had moved was measured using Feeler gauge.</p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The mean CR-MI discrepancy in Group I was 0.417±0.137 mm and 0.364±0.123 mm, Group II was 0.528±0.160 mm and 0.512±0.158 mm and Group III was 0.873±0.228 mm and 0.815±0.172 mm at the right and left condyles respectively.</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> Within the limitations of the study it was concluded that all the sixty subjects had a CR-MI discrepancy in both left and right condyles. The variation in discrepancy between the three age groups was found to be very highly significant.</p>

scholarly journals 160 IN VIVO-CULTURE OF BOVINE EMBRYOS: TRANSFER OF SEMEN PRE-INCUBATED OOCYTES, ZYGOTES AND 4 TO 8 CELL STAGE EMBRYOS INTO THE BOVINE OVIDUCT

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
V. Havlicek ◽  
F. Wetscher ◽  
T. Huber ◽  
M. Gilles ◽  
D. Tesfaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
In Vivo Culture ◽  
Group Ii

Oviduct as well as oocyte and embryo development are subject to developmental changes which have crucial effects on the application of in vivo culture. The present study aimed at optimizing in vivo culture of IVP bovine embryos at different developmental stages in the bovine oviduct. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries, matured in vitro for 22 h and assigned to four groups. In groups I and II, oocytes were pre-incubated for 3 to 4 h with 5 × 106 sperm/mL, and then immediately transferred to recipients, which had just completed ovulation (group I), or kept in vitro for a further 12 to 18 h and transferred to Day 1 synchronized recipients (group II). In groups III and IV, COC were subjected to standard IVF/IVC; then embryos were either transferred at the 4- to 8-cell stage on Day 3 into the oviducts of Day 3-synchronized recipients (group III) or kept in vitro for a further 4 to 5 days (group IV). Thirty-four 18- to 30-month-old temporary recipients were synchronized using a standard Ovsynch protocol. COC and embryos were transferred and re-collected by transvaginal endoscopy. COC or embryos were loaded into a 180° curved glass capillary, which was inserted via the infundibulum 5 to 8 cm deep into the ampulla ipsilateral to the CL. On recipient Day 7, a 90° curved metal canula served for tubal flushing prior to conventional uterine embryo flushing. Sixty mL of PBS containing 1% fetal calf serum were rinsed through the oviduct into the uterus and a further 400 mL of medium were finally used for flushing of the uterine horn and collected via an embryo filter. Embryo development was evaluated directly after flushing (Day 7) and on Day 8. For statistical analysis (ANOVA), the blastocyst rates (Days 7 and 8) in group III were related to COC corrected by the collection rate. In group I, 575 COC were transferred to 11 recipients and 420 (73%) were re-collected as oocytes or embryos. The blastocyst yields on Day 7 and Day 8 were 23% (97) and 25% (104), respectively. In group II, the transfer of 489 presumptive zygotes into 13 heifers resulted in only 175 re-collected (36%), of which 15% developed into blastocysts (Day 7: 26; Day 8: 27). Ten heifers (group III) served for in vivo culture of 643 embryos at the 4- to 8-cell stage. On Day 7, 568 (88%) embryos were flushed and 171 (30%) reached the blastocyst stage. A further 24 h culture in vitro finally resulted in 244 (42%) blastocysts. The complete in vitro production system delivered 13% (63/477) blastocysts on Day 7 and 34% (161/477) blastocysts on Day 8. The collection rates (P < 0.001) and the blastocyst rates on Day 7 (P < 0.05) and Day 8 (P < 0.001) differed significantly in all groups. The present data demonstrate that the developmental stage of transferred complexes has an influence on embryo recovery as well as an embryo development. This work was supported by Austrian BMBWK and BMLFUW (#1227).

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES AND DEFORMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH DENTAL DEFECTS.

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
B.M. Mirchuk ◽  
Y.V. Maksymov
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mandibular Position ◽  
Group Ii

As result of the presence of defects in the dentition, a range of morphological, aesthetic and functional changes arises, which considerably complicates the process of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Defects in the dentition, in combination with a variety of anomalies and deformations, often impede the implementation of rational prosthetics, and occasionally make it, impracticable at all one to this reason, one of the urgent problems in modern dentistry, which requires further, is the study of adverse factors that arise in the prosthetics of dental defects in adult patients with dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations of different etiologies. The aim is to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies and deformities in adult patients’ prosthetic treatment. Materials and methods. 83 patients aged 20-60 and older were involved in prosthetic treatment. The diagnosis was based on classification have been of surveyed on Kennedy and D.A. Calveliss. Patients were divided into 4 age groups: Group I included 49 patients aged 20 to 30 years; Group II included 10 patients aged 31 to 40 years; Group III included 13 patients aged 41 to 50 years; IV group contained 11 patients aged 51 to 60 years and older. Results. In the 1st group, with coverage of 49 persons aged 20 to 30 years 12,5% of women suffered from defects of dentition which was under half the size of that of men (29,4%).All patients with dental defects needed prosthetic treatment. The prevailing majority of the surveyed-96,9% of females and 100% of males were diagnosed with dental anomalies. In group II, with 10 patients being examined in the 31-40 aged bracket, a significant increase in the number of persons with dental defects was observed: in women by 5.7 times up to 71,4% and in men-by 2.7 times up to 66,7% in comparing with those in Group I. Each of the examined patients with dental defects needed protection and orthodontic treatment. All patients in the third group (41-50 years) and the in IV group ( 51-60 years and older) of defects of dentitions were 50.0% women and 57.1% men of the third group and 71,4% of women and 75,0% of men of the IV group needed prosthetics of secondary dentition of teeth. Al l women of both subgroups have been diagnosed with dental anomalies, whereas in men. Orthodontic pathology was detected in 85,7% of individuals of group III and 75,0% of individuals group IV. Conclusions. Prosthetic treatment with restoration of the integrity of the dentition is one of the reasons for the significant growth of secondary deformations and the formation of dentoalveolar anomalies. According to our observations, patients 30 years of age or older who seek orthopedic help have defects in the dentition. Most often, these patients are diagnosed with included dentition defects in the lateral areas (from 35.3% to 63.6%), which are complicated by secondary deformations of the dentition (from 33.3% to 100%). The results of the studies confirm the need for further study of the state of the dentoalveolar system in patients with dentition defects, namely: the formation of secondary deformations, occlusion disorders, changes in the shape and size of the dentition, decrease in occlusion height, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, blockage or forced mandibular position etc.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF MULTI-FOCAL ATHEROSCLEROTIC PATHOLOGY ACROSS AGE GROUPS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
A. N. Sumin ◽  
R. A. Gaifullin ◽  
A. V. Bezdenezhnykh ◽  
E. V. Korok ◽  
A. V. Karpovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Peripheral Angiography ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Group Ii

Aim. To compare the prevalence of multi-focal subclinical atherosclerotic pathology and its determinants in cardiovascular surgery patients.Material and methods. The study included 1018 patients — 825 en and 193 women (mean age 59,0±12,0 years) — who were hospitalised for a planned intervention on coronary or other arteries. Group I (n=542) was aged under 60 years, Group II (n=215) — 60–64 years, Group III (n=141) — 65–69 years, and Group IV (n=120) — 70 years or older. All participants underwent coronary angiography and Doppler ultrasound; peripheral angiography was performed, if necessary. Multi-focal atherosclerosis (MFA) criteria were the presence of stenosis (≥30%) or revascularisation in two or more vascular territories.Results. Subclinical atherosclerotic pathology of various localisation was observed in 52,3% of the patients. Advanced age was linked to an increase in the MFA prevalence: from 45,8% in Group I to 58,6% in Group II, 58,2% in Group III, and 63,3% in Group IV (p=0,0001). In Group I, MFA was associated with the intermittent claudication syndrome (ICS), decreased body mass index (BMI), increased intima-media thickness (IMT), elevated total cholesterol (TCH). However, in Groups II–IV, the only association observed was between MFA and ICS.Conclusion. Taking into account the subclinical (hemodynamically insignificant) arterial pathology had resulted in a high prevalence of MFA. Advanced age was associated with a higher MFA prevalence. Other factors linked to MFA were increased IMT, elevated TCH, decreased BMI, and ICS. 

PSVI-1 Evaluation of the synergistic effect of iron and an aqueous extract of oak bark on rumen microbiome of cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
Kseniya Atlanderova ◽  
Galimzhan Duskaev
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The search for new substances, alternatives to feed antibiotics in animal husbandry, is relevant in connection with the development of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. Substances of plant and mineral origin including nanoforms are of particular interest. The experiment studied the synergistic effect of iron (Fe; d = 80 nm) and an aqueous extract of oak bark (Ex; 1:10) on the microbiome of ruminal fluid of bulls (age 14 months, n = 5). Group I - control; Group II - Ex (0.6 ml / kg / lm); Group III - Fe (0.1 mg/kg/FM) with Ex in the same dosage. The collection of ruminal fluid was performed through a chronic ruminal fistula. Metagenomic analysis of cicatricial fluid was performed on a MiSeq device (Illumina, USA). Analysis of the data showed that the Bacteria domain is more influenced by Ex, there is a decrease by 27.0% (P ≤ 0.05), while in group III by 3.0% relative to the control. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes had the greatest importance, in group I their ratio was 39.3 and 54.7%, in group II - 37.7 and 56.4%, in group III - 46.1 and 47.0% of the total the number of bacteria. The use of Ex increases the amount of Bacilli by 14.7 and 13.4 (P ≤ 0.05) % relative to groups I and III. The introduction of the composition Ex and Fe increases Lachnospiraceae - 15.0% and Ruminococcaceae - 8.1% of the total number of microorganisms and reduces Streptococcus relative to other groups by 1.3 and 14.9% (P ≤ 0.05). Thus, the combined use of Ex and Fe affects the numerical value of microorganisms, as well as their ratio in the rumen through inhibition. At the same time, the data obtained require further research, including in vivo experiments. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (20-16-00088).

Parasympathomimetic Effect of Shilajit Accounts for Relaxation of Rat Corpus Cavernosum

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarabjeet Kaur ◽  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Deo Kumar ◽  
M. D. Kharya ◽  
Nityanand Singh
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Vitro Effect

Previous studies have reported an enhancement of central cholinergic signal cascade by shilajit. For the present study, it was hypothesized that parasympathomimetic effect of shilajit accounting for relaxation of rat corpus cavernosum may be one of the major mechanisms attributing to its traditional role as an aphrodisiac. To test this hypothesis, the acute peripheral effect of standard acetylcholine (ACh), shilajit, and their combination was evaluated on cardiorespiratory parameters such as mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and neuromuscular transmission (NMT). Furthermore, in vitro effect of standard ACh, shilajit, and their combination was tested on the rat corpus cavernosum. Six groups were used for the in vivo study ( N = 5): Group I (control-saline), Group II (ACh), Group III (Sh), Group IV (Sh followed by ACh), Group V (Atropine followed by ACh), and Group VI (Atropine followed by Sh). The in vitro study included four groups: Group I (control-saline), Group II (ACh), Group III (Sh), and Group IV (Sh followed by ACh). The results of the in vivo study confirmed the peripheral parasympathomimetic effect of shilajit (400 µg/mL). The in vitro results revealed that shilajit (400 and 800 µg/mL) relaxed cavernous strips’ concentration dependently and enhanced ACh-mediated relaxations. The peripheral parasympathomimetic effects of shilajit were confirmed by blockade of shilajit-induced relaxations (in vitro) and shilajit-induced lowering of MABP and HR (in vivo) by atropine.

scholarly journals Initiation of Anti-dementia Medication in Older Adults Undergoing Pharmaceutical Management for Existing Chronic Conditions by the Assessment of Insurance Claims

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Handa ◽  
Seigo Mitsutake ◽  
Tatsuro Tatsuro Ishizaki ◽  
Tetsuo Nakabayashi ◽  
Masahiro Akishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Pharmaceutical Management ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dementia Onset

Abstract BACKGROUND The influences of co-prescribed medications for chronic co-morbid conditions in very older adults on clinical dementia onset are uncertain.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influences of co-prescribed medications on clinical dementia onset, which was indicated by the initiation of a new prescription of anti-dementia medication (NPADM).METHODS This retrospective cohort study consisted of 42024 adults aged ≥77 years residing in a suburban city of Tokyo Metropolitan Area who did not take any anti-dementia medication on April 1, 2012. The primary outcome was NPADM during followed-up period until March 31, 2015 (35 months). Subjects were categorized into four age groups: Group I (77-81 years), Group II (82-86 years), Group III (87-91 years), and Group IV (≥92 years). Covariates were fourteen groups of medications prescribed between April 1, 2012 and June 31, 2012. RESULTS In a follow-up period of 1345457 patient-months (mean=32.0±7.5 months), NPADM occurred in 2365 subjects. NPADM incidence at 12 months was 1.9±0.1% (Group I: 0.9±0.1%, Group II: 2.1±0.1%, Group III: 3.2±0.2% and Group IV: 3.6±0.3%; P<0.0001). In addition to older age and female sex, the use of the following medications was associated with NPADM: statins (hazard ratio: 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.92; P=0.001), antihypertensives (0.80, 0.71-0.85; P<0.0001), non-steroidal bronchodilators (0.72, 0.58-0.88; P=0.002), antidepressants (1.79, 1.47-2.18; P<0.0001), post-stroke medications (1.45, 1.16-1.82; P=0.002), insulin (1.34, 1.01-1.78; P=0.046) and antineoplastics (1.12, 1.01-1.24; P=0.035)CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a benchmark for the management of dementia in the real-world setting, and contribute to evidence-based healthcare policymaking. (Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN-CTR UMIN000039040)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Parenchymal Thyroid Diseases Using Ultrasonography

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Naveen BS
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders seen in all age groups. The present study was conducted to determine parenchymal thyroid diseases using Ultrasonography (USG) in adult patients. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted   on 140 adult patients. Patients were divided into five groups such as Group I (normal); Group II had first detected, early untreated Hashimoto disease (EH); Group III comprised of chronic Hashimoto patients that are under treatment and/or follow up (H); Group IV had multinodular parenchymal hyperplasia (M); and Group V had nodular hyperplasia with Hashimoto (HM). They underwent spectral Doppler ultrasound and acoustic radiation force impulse using Siemens ACUSON S2000 machine. Results: The mean RI in group I was 0.54, in group II was 0.56, in group III was 0.42, in group IV was 0.48 and in group V was 0.49, mean AT in group I was 26.2, in group II was 25.3, in group III was 71.3, in group IV was 46.2 and in group V was 45.1, mean SWV in group I was 1.54, in group II was 1.72, in group III was 1.20, in group IV was 1.46 and in group V was 1.65. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that resistivity index, acceleration time and shear wave velocity together are reliable for differential diagnosis of parenchymal thyroid diseases.

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