scholarly journals Diversity and Antibiotics Susceptibility of Bacterial Species on Hand Surfaces in Public Buses Plying Kenyatta National Hospital Route 7c in Nairobi

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samson Chebon ◽  
Jackline Chelangat Sonoiya
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Kenyatta National Hospital

Aims: To determine the pathogenic and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates on hand surfaces in public buses in Nairobi. Study Design: A random sampling technique was utilized and targeted public buses plying Nairobi Central Business District (CBD) and Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) 7C route. Place and Duration of Study: Bacterial isolates were obtained from hand surfaces in public buses in Nairobi during a three-month period, May-July 2015. Methodology: A total of 30 swab samples were collected using sterile moist cotton swabs then cultured on three media including MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar and Eosin Methyl Blue agar (EMB). Characterization of isolates was by morphological and biochemical features. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile tests using eight antibiotics including tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamycin, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and streptomycin was also undertaken. Results: A total of 45 isolates indicated the following prevalence: Staphylococcus aureus 33%, Escherichia coli 24%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 18%, Klebsiella species 11% and Pseudomonas species 13%. The antimicrobial resistance profiles indicated E. coli isolates had the highest resistance to five antibiotics, Klebsiella spp. to four, Staphylococcus aureus to three, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas spp. each to only one antibiotic. Isolates were predominantly resistant to ampicillin (100%) followed by co-trimoxazole and streptomycin but were instead sensitive to gentamycin followed by tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate serious health risks posed to the community by potentially pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacterial species on hand-touch sites in public buses. Therefore, this study creates awareness of the need for stringent sanitary measures in public buses and hygienic practices among commuters to forestall transmission of community acquired infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanta Gashe ◽  
Eshetu Mulisa ◽  
Mekidim Mekonnen ◽  
Gemechu Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Jimma University

Background. Drug resistant microorganisms lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality as they boost the risk of inappropriate therapy. Hence, data on antimicrobial resistance help define the best possible treatment for individual patients. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the antimicrobial resistant profile of 3rd generation cephalosporin drugs in Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Methods. A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) from April to August 2016. The clinical samples such as wound swab, urine, sputum, and stool were collected from hospitalized patients. Then, bacterial species were isolated and identified as per the standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using various antimicrobial discs by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Results. Totally, 248 bacterial isolates were obtained from 154 (62.1%) male and 94 (37.9%) female patients. Escherichia coli (25.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.0 %) were the predominant organisms isolated from specimens. About 140 (56.5%) and 149 (60.1%) of the total bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. The majority of Escherichia coli isolates 46 (73%) were resistant to ceftriaxone and 41 (65%) of them were resistant to ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus, which accounted 19% of the total bacterial isolates, showed 23.4% and 34% resistance to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. Among the bacterial strains revealing resistant to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44%) and 108 (43.5%) of them were resistant to two, three, or four other drugs, respectively. Conclusion. Bacterial resistance towards third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) is escalating as more than half of the isolated strains demonstrated resistance to these drugs. Moreover, these strains also revealed multidrug resistance mainly against clinically used drugs which could render therapy unsuccessful. Therefore, in clinical use appropriate medications should be selected based on the data obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Staphylococcus aureus pada Daging Ayam yang Dijual di Pasar Besar Kota Palangka Raya

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Eva Apriliana ◽  
Agus Agus
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Contaminated Food

Staphylococcus aureus can be a cause of food poisoning in humans. This type of bacteria can produce enterotoxins that cause contaminated food and poisoning in humans. The toxin produced is resistant in high temperatures, although the bacteria die by heating but the resulting toxin will not be damaged and can still change despite freezing or freezing. Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in high-protein foods such as egg and chicken products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in chicken meat sold in Pasar Besar Kota Palangka Raya in 2018. The examination using MSA media (Mannitol Salt Agar) because MSA media is different selective media to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results of analysis of chicken meat in Pasar Besar Kota Palangka Raya 20% positive contaminated Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the first-day sample. In the second day, the sample found 13.3% positive contaminated Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated in the Air of Some Public Toilets in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Williams, Janet Olufunmilayo ◽  
Lumati, Jessica
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Public Toilets

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major challenges facing the health sector. This study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from indoor air of public toilets in motor parks with a view of developing an antibiogram. The study sites included the public toilets in Mile 3 Motor Park, Rivers Transport Company (RTC) park and a General Motor Park in Waterlines, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The indoor air was sampled using the plate exposure and disc diffusion techniques in determining the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates. The bacterial isolates in the genera, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella species were identified.  The antibiogram of the bacteria isolated showed that the bacterial isolates exhibited multi-drug resistant species as the isolates were resistant to more than two antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin and Tarivid are the drug of choice and recommended for treatment of infections from these study sites.

scholarly journals Examining Surgical Patients’ Expectations of Nursing Care at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Elwin Shawa ◽  
Lilian Omondi ◽  
Balwani Chingatichifwe Mbakaya
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kenyatta National Hospital ◽  
Customer Care ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Hospital Ethics ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Good service is defined when it meets the expectations of its customers. Likewise, nursing is a profession that aims at meeting patients’ needs and expectations. Many studies have been done at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Nairobi, Kenya regarding customer care satisfaction in various departments. However, little is known on patients’ expectations regarding nursing care. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine surgical patients’ expectations of nursing care in surgical wards. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital in general surgical wards from April to June, 2012. The study population were adult postoperative patients admitted in the general surgical wards. The sample size was 168 and systemic random sampling technique was used in selecting the participants. The data collection tool was a structured questionnaire with open and closed questions. Ethical clearance was obtained from University of Nairobi and Kenyatta National Hospital Ethics Committee. Participation in the study was voluntary and based on patients’ ability to give informed consent. A total of 167 adult patients from general surgical wards responded to the questionnaire. Most patients agreed that they expected nurses to be knowledgeable with an average response of 86% and strongly disagreed that nurses should be rude and harsh (44%). 46% of participants agreed that they expected nurses to be responsive with mean of (M=3.61). It was found that most patients’ expectations were met and because of this, many felt satisfied with the nursing care provided. It is recommended that nurses should pay more attention to what patients expect from nursing care.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Vascular Implants to Colonization in vitro by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Witold Woźniak ◽  
Aleksandra Kozińska ◽  
Piotr Ciostek ◽  
Izabela Sitkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Pericardial Patch ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Omniflow Ii

We compared association of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis with nine vascular implants after co-culture. Vascular implants were composed of various materials such as warp knitted polyester (with or without gelatin and silver ions), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and biological materials – surface treated porcine pericardial patch and Omniflow II. The lowest overall number of associated bacteria was detected for polytetrafluoroethylene implants and porcine pericardial patch. The highest overall number of associated bacteria was detected for Omniflow II implant. The major source of variation, i.e. primary factor influencing colonization, is the implant type (56.22%), bacterial species is responsible for only 1.81%, and interaction of those two factors – 13.09% of variation.

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