scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanta Gashe ◽  
Eshetu Mulisa ◽  
Mekidim Mekonnen ◽  
Gemechu Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Jimma University

Background. Drug resistant microorganisms lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality as they boost the risk of inappropriate therapy. Hence, data on antimicrobial resistance help define the best possible treatment for individual patients. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the antimicrobial resistant profile of 3rd generation cephalosporin drugs in Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Methods. A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) from April to August 2016. The clinical samples such as wound swab, urine, sputum, and stool were collected from hospitalized patients. Then, bacterial species were isolated and identified as per the standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using various antimicrobial discs by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Results. Totally, 248 bacterial isolates were obtained from 154 (62.1%) male and 94 (37.9%) female patients. Escherichia coli (25.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.0 %) were the predominant organisms isolated from specimens. About 140 (56.5%) and 149 (60.1%) of the total bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. The majority of Escherichia coli isolates 46 (73%) were resistant to ceftriaxone and 41 (65%) of them were resistant to ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus, which accounted 19% of the total bacterial isolates, showed 23.4% and 34% resistance to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. Among the bacterial strains revealing resistant to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44%) and 108 (43.5%) of them were resistant to two, three, or four other drugs, respectively. Conclusion. Bacterial resistance towards third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) is escalating as more than half of the isolated strains demonstrated resistance to these drugs. Moreover, these strains also revealed multidrug resistance mainly against clinically used drugs which could render therapy unsuccessful. Therefore, in clinical use appropriate medications should be selected based on the data obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from feces of non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada, West Indies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2070-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Amadi ◽  
Harry Hariharan ◽  
Ozioma A. Amadi ◽  
Vanessa Matthew-Belmar ◽  
Roxanne Nicholas-Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Selection Of

Background and Aim: There is currently no published information on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal Escherichia coli in dogs of Grenada origin. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance helps in the empirical selection of antibiotics. This study determined the occurrence of E. coli including the O157:H7 serotype in feces of non-diarrheic dogs of Grenada origin and the antibiotic resistance pattern of the E. coli isolates. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples from 142 of the 144 (98.6%) dogs were culture positive for E. coli. Selection of up to three colonies from each of the 142 E. coli-positive samples yielded a total of 402 E. coli isolates, which were analyzed for the presence of non-sorbitol fermenting colonies, and O157-agglutination. Results: Of the 402 E. coli isolates, 30 (7.5%) were non-sorbitol fermenters. However, none of the 402 isolates gave a positive reaction (O157:H7) to the E. coli O157:H7 latex kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against 12 antibiotics revealed low resistance rates to all the tested antibiotics except for tetracycline (Te) (23.4%), cephalothin (CF) (13.2%), and ampicillin (AM) (7.7%). Thirty-nine out of the 402 (9.7%), E. coli isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics of different classes. Conclusion: This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of commensal E. coli from non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada. Some of the isolates (39/402 isolates, 9.7%) were resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study showed that presently, dogs in Grenada should not be considered a reservoir for the E. coli O157:H7 serotype and for multiple antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains. Among the 402 E. coli isolates, the resistance rate to drugs other than Te, CF, and AM was very low.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Detection of Genes for Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Agar Dilution

Background: Mycoplasma bovis (Gram-positive bacteria) belongs the class Mollicutes and to the family Mycoplasmataceae (Maunsell and Donovan, 2009). It is a cell wall-less bacterium and are instead enveloped by a complex plasma membrane. In cattle, M. bovis is widely known causes various diseases, such respiratory disease, mastitis, arthritis and otitis.Methods: The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and identify the genes for antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis PG45, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E.coli were subjected to test for their sensitivity to various clinically important antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor Cefalexin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Amikacin, Ampicillin, Oxacilin, Amoxyclav, Rifampicin, Penicillin G and Tylosin). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antimicrobial agent was determined by applying an agar dilution method. Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments and thus to determine the presence or absence of a target gene (VspA, tet k and tetA). Result: Showed the MIC values and the presence of VspA, tetK and tetA in M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E. coli respectively.

Variation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Occurrence by Geographic Location and Hospital Characteristics

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Wakefield ◽  
Michael Pfaller ◽  
R. Michael Massanari ◽  
Glenn T. Hammons
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Hospital Characteristics

AbstractA survey of 162 Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) laboratories performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to determine variation in reported rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation by geographic location and hospital characteristics. Of the 162 VAMC laboratories surveyed, 136 (84%) provided usable data. The percentage of S aureus isolates reported as resistant to methicillin ranged from 0% to 52% with a mean value of 10% among the 136 survey respondents. MRSA were isolated in every VA Medical District and 96% of all respondent laboratories reported isolating at least one MRSA isolate during the preceding year. These data are considered an underestimate of the time MRSA rate in the VA system due to the fact that many laboratories failed to follow key methodologic guidelines for optimal detection of MRSA. A positive correlation was found between MRSA isolation rate and several measures of hospital size and activity including total beds, total admissions, and total antimicrobial susceptibility tests performed. Geographic clustering of MRSA isolation was observed with distinct areas of very high and very low percentages of S aureus isolates reported as MRSA. The data suggest that the geographic distribution of MRSA within the VA system should be monitored closely for evidence of spread from areas with high-MRSA rates to areas of mid- or low-MRSA rates. Evidence of increased MRSA isolation within these areas may necessitate increased caution in patient referral and transfer patterns within the VA system.

scholarly journals Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance in Intrinsic Colistin-Resistant Enterobacterales Isolated from Retail Meat

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Justice Opare Odoi ◽  
Sayo Takayanagi ◽  
Montira Yossapol ◽  
Michiyo Sugiyama ◽  
Tetsuo Asai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Retail Meats ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Retail Meat

Consumption of retail meat contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria is a common route for transmitting clinically relevant resistant bacteria to humans. Here, we investigated the genotypic and phenotypic resistance profiles of intrinsic colistin-resistant (ICR) Enterobacterales isolated from retail meats. ICR Enterobacterales were isolated from 103 samples of chicken, 103 samples of pork, and 104 samples of beef purchased from retail shops in Japan, using colistin-containing media, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was examined. Serratia spp. (440 isolates) showed resistance to cefotaxime (19 isolates, 4.3%), tetracycline (15 isolates, 3.4%), and other antimicrobials (<1%). Hafnia spp. (136) showed resistance to cefotaxime (12 isolates, 8.6%), ceftazidime (four isolates, 2.9%), and tetracycline (two isolates, 1.4%). Proteus spp. (39) showed resistance to chloramphenicol (four isolates, 10.3%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (four isolates, 10.3%), cefotaxime (two isolates, 5.1%), kanamycin (two isolates, 5.1%), and gentamicin (one isolate, 2.6%). Cedecea spp. (22) were resistant to tetracycline (two isolates, 9.1%) whereas Morganella spp. (11) were resistant to tetracycline (four isolates, 36.4%) and chloramphenicol (one isolate, 9.2%). The resistance genes blafonA, blaACC, and blaDHA were detected in cefotaxime-resistant Serratia spp., Hafnia spp., and Morganella spp. isolates, respectively. This emergence of antimicrobial resistance in ICR Enterobacterales may pose a public health risk.

scholarly journals Potential Zoonotic Pathovars of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Detected in Lambs for Human Consumption from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Ximena Blanco Crivelli ◽  
María Paz Bonino ◽  
Mariana Soledad Sanin ◽  
Juan Facundo Petrina ◽  
Vilma Noelia Disalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathovars impact childhood health. The southern region of Argentina shows the highest incidence of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children of the country. The big island of Tierra del Fuego (TDF) in Argentina registered an incidence of five cases/100,000 inhabitants of HUS in 2019. This work aimed to establish the prevalence of STEC, EPEC, and EAEC in lambs slaughtered in abattoirs from TDF as well as to characterize the phenotypes and the genotypes of the isolated pathogens. The prevalence was 26.6% for stx+, 5.7% for eae+, and 0.27% for aagR+/aaiC+. Twelve STEC isolates were obtained and belonged to the following serotypes: O70:HNT, O81:H21, O81:HNT, O102:H6, O128ab:H2, O174:H8, and O174:HNT. Their genotypic profiles were stx1c (2), stx1c/ehxA (3), stx2b/ehxA (1), stx1c/stx2b (2), and stx1c/stx2/ehxA (4). Six EPEC isolates were obtained and corresponded to five serotypes: O2:H40, O32:H8, O56:H6, O108:H21, and O177:H25. All the EPEC isolates were bfpA- and two were ehxA+. By XbaI-PFGE of 17 isolates, two clusters were identified. By antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 8/12 STEC and 5/6 EPEC were resistant to at least one antibiotic. This work provides new data to understand the ecology of DEC in TDF and confirms that ovine are an important carrier of these pathogens in the region.

scholarly journals SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN KYIV CITY HOSPITALS, UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-764
Author(s):  
Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽  
Olena A. Dyndar ◽  
Yuriy P. Vdovychenko ◽  
Tetiana R. Nykoniuk ◽  
Igor V. Maidannyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Essential Step

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Scant information is available on the SSI in Ukrainian hospitals. The aim: to determine the incidence of SSIs and estimates antimicrobial resistance of the major responsible pathogens in Kyiv city hospitals. Materials and methods: This study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2013 in 3 hospitals. Definitions of SSIs were adapted from the CDC/NHSN. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of cultures were determined, using automated microbiology analyzer. Some antimicrobial susceptibility test used Kirby - Bauer antibiotic testing. Results: Among 9,162 patients, 1,912 (20.9%) SSIs were observed. The high SSI case in appendectomy (29.8 %), gastric, small and large bowel surgeries (28.4 %), cholelithiasis (25.7%), and orthopedic procedures (22.9 %). Low infection rate in excision of dermoid cysts, lipoma (5.3%) and lower segment caesarean structure (6.5%). Staphylococcus aureus were most commonly reported, accounting for 27,8% of all organisms, followed by Escherichia coli (18.4 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.9 %) and Enterococcus faecalis (11.6 %). The antimicrobial resistance in the isolates associated with SSIs showed, among the Gram-positive bacteria, that 43.8% and 4.7% of CoNS isolates were β-lactam (oxacillin) - and glycopeptide (teicoplanin) - resistant, respectively. Meticillin resistance was reported in 35.7 % of S. aureus isolates Conclusions: SSIs and antimicrobial resistance of the responsible pathogens is an actually problem. One essential step in the prevention of SSIs is to implement a national system for their surveillance.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Septic wounds among Patients attending Uganda Martyrs’ Hospital Lubaga.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Richard Musoke ◽  
Nathan Musisi Lubowa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Background: Wound infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Etiologic agents of wound infections vary with geographical locations. Pathogens that infect wounds can be part of normal flora or acquired from the hospital environment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of wound infections, investigate the profile of pathogens cultured from an infected wound and determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern to commonly prescribed antibiotics.  Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Uganda Martyrs’ Hospital Lubaga from March 2020 to May 2020. Swabs from different types of wounds were processed to investigate etiologic agents using the standard microbiological technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using a simple disc diffusion technique.  Results: Out of 210 wound swab samples analyzed, 125(59.5%) were culture positive. 20(16%) of the culture had mixed infections and a total of 238 bacteria were isolated from 205 cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen which accounted for 94 (75.2%) of isolates followed by Proteus 11 (8.8%). The sensitivity rates of Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin were 80.6%, 80.6%, and 74.2% respectively.  Conclusions and recommendation: S. aureus and Proteus were the predominant causes of wound infections. Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and Gentamicin were the most effective drugs. Periodic surveillance of the species of bacteria involved in wound infection and determination of their antimicrobial resistance is recommended for empirical treatment.

scholarly journals The health and economic burden of bloodstream infections caused by antimicrobial-susceptible and non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus in European hospitals, 2010 and 2011: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Stewardson ◽  
Arthur Allignol ◽  
Jan Beyersmann ◽  
Nicholas Graves ◽  
Martin Schumacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Impact

We performed a multicentre retrospective cohort study including 606,649 acute inpatient episodes at 10 European hospitals in 2010 and 2011 to estimate the impact of antimicrobial resistance on hospital mortality, excess length of stay (LOS) and cost. Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GCRE), meticillin-susceptible (MSSA) and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) increased the daily risk of hospital death (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–2.42, HR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.49–2.20 and HR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.66–3.51, respectively) and prolonged LOS (9.3 days; 95% CI: 9.2–9.4, 11.5 days; 95% CI: 11.5–11.6 and 13.3 days; 95% CI: 13.2–13.4, respectively). BSI with third-generation cephalosporin-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (3GCSE) significantly increased LOS (5.9 days; 95% CI: 5.8–5.9) but not hazard of death (1.16; 95% CI: 0.98–1.36). 3GCRE significantly increased the hazard of death (1.63; 95% CI: 1.13–2.35), excess LOS (4.9 days; 95% CI: 1.1–8.7) and cost compared with susceptible strains, whereas meticillin resistance did not. The annual cost of 3GCRE BSI was higher than of MRSA BSI. While BSI with S. aureus had greater impact on mortality, excess LOS and cost than Enterobacteriaceae per infection, the impact of antimicrobial resistance was greater for Enterobacteriaceae.

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