scholarly journals Microbiological and Physicochemical Assessment of Sediment in Bodo Community, Rivers State, Niger Delta

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
E. Eseosa Ediae ◽  
I. Cliff Ediae ◽  
U. Okon Edet ◽  
I. Ubi Bassey ◽  
E. Nkagafel Mbim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Iron Chromium

Crude oil pollution is common place in the Niger Delta despite well known adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial biodiversities. Triplicate sediment samples were obtained from Bodo community in Ogoni Land, Niger Delta and made into a composite sample. The sample was then evaluated for physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polyaromatic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), total heterotrophic bacteria (THBC), and fungi (THFC) using standards methodologies. Concentration profile of heavy metals was iron (Fe) > chromium (Cr) > zinc (Zn) > nickel (Ni) > vanadium (V) in decreasing order. Furthermore, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate, sulphate were 884.53, 12.32, 34.45, and 26.76 mg/kg, respectively. TPH and PAH concentrations were 30,797 and 52.12 mg/kg, respectively. Nitrate, iron, chromium, nickel, TPH, and PAH all failed to meet regulatory standards. TPH failed to meet Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN) target and intervention values of 50 and 5,000 mg/kg, respectively. Total heterotrophic bacteria and fungi counts were observed to decrease with days of incubation in crude oil. The findings in the study reveal worrisome levels of TPH, PAH, iron, chromium, and nickel, and impact on microbial diversity. Thus, there is a need for periodic monitoring of sediments and water bodies in the Niger Delta.

scholarly journals Microbiological Characteristics and Heavy Metal Pollution of Crude Oil Contaminated Water Bodies in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Popoola, Taye Precious ◽  
David. N. Ogbonna ◽  
J. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Filter Feeder

Crude oil exploration has been beneficial to our economy but detrimental to our environment with the artisanal refineries further compounding the challenge. This research was aimed at investigating the microbiology and heavy metal pollution of three crude oil polluted rivers in Rivers State, Nigeria and effects on living organisms inhabiting that environment. This study was carried out in three locations in South-South Nigeria (Eagle Island, Iwofe and Chokocho rivers). A total of 64 water samples (upstream and downstream points) were collected using appropriate containers and sterile polyethene bags for 6 crab samples for a period of three months. Water and crab samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method while microbiological analysis involved isolation and enumeration of microbial populations of the water and crab samples as well as characterization and identification of the isolates using standard methods Results showed Total Heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranged from 6.0 × 106 cfu/ml to 9.0 × 108cfu/ml for the downstream locations and 1.7 × 106cfu/ml to 3.5 × 107cfu/ml for the upstream locations. Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF) ranged from 2.0 × 104cfu/ml to  1.1 × 105cfu/ml  for downstream locations and 0.1 × 104cfu/ml to  4.0 × 104cfu/ml  for upstream locations, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) ranged from 0.8 × 103cfu/ml to  4.0 × 103cfu/ml in downstream locations and 2.0 × 103cfu/ml to  7.4 × 103cfu/ml in upstream locations, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF) ranged from 1.0 × 103cfu/ml to  6.0 × 103cfu/ml for downstream locations and 5.0 × 102cfu/ml to  8.0 × 103cfu/ml for upstream locations.   The bacteria identified biochemically included Serratia sp., Enterobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. for the crab samples and Bacillus sp. was dominant in the water samples (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus carboniphilus). The heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr and Pb) were below the DPR permissible limit but are likely to increase since the activities leading to pollution are still ongoing. The crab as a filter feeder, had higher concentration of heavy metals and microbial population and the location with the highest crude oil pollution (14.5mg/l) had the lowest THB (6.0 × 106cfu/ml) as physicochemical parameters like the amount of Dissolved Oxygen had been altered.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Acid Producing Bacteria from Selected Oilfield Environments within the Niger Delta

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
W. F. Briggs ◽  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
G. C. Okpokwasili ◽  
O. M. Immanuel ◽  
C. J. Ugboma
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

Acid producing bacteria are considered an important group of corrosive bacteria that have economic importance to petroleum industry. In this research, acid producing bacteria were isolated from produced water sample collected at ten (10) oil field environments within the Niger Delta region. The multiple tube fermentation technique was used to isolate the bacteria while Phenol red dextrose broth was used as the microbiological medium for the isolation of the acid producing bacteria. Also total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC) was determined under aerobic and anaerobic condition using the standard plate count technique and the boiling method used for the extraction of acid producing bacterial DNA after growing in Luria Bertani broth. The extracted bacterial DNA were purified and quantified before PCR amplification. The PCR amplicons were subjected to gel electrophoresis. The bacterial DNA bands were quantified using 1500bp ladder. The result obtained showed that some acid producing bacteria isolated could survive as facultative microorganisms belonging to genera such as Klebsiella, Pantoea, Escherichia, Providentia, Proteus, Shewanella, Myroides and Pseudomonas. There was growth in all samples under aerobic condition with a THBC ranging from 3.602x102Cfu/ml – 4.698x102Cfu/ml while the range was within 3.301x102Cfu/ml – 5.676x102Cfu/ml under anaerobic condition. For physicochemical parameters determined, temperature range for all samples was within 23.9ºC – 24.8ºC; pH was within 7.24 – 8.10; total dissolved solids was within 470 mg/ml – 16160 mg/ml and conductivity was within 1.885 µs/cm – 845.2 µs/cm.  The results also showed that acid producing bacteria grow mostly under aerobic condition unlike the sulphate reducing bacteria.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Crude Oil Degrading Bacteria in Association with Microalgae in Saver Pit from Egbaoma Flow Station, Niger Delta, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Obhioze Augustine Akpoka
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacterium ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

The capability of indigenous bacteria and microalgae in crude oil effluents to grow in and utilize crude oil as their sole source of carbon and energy provides an environmentally friendly and economical process for dealing with crude oil pollution and its inherent hazards. In view of the toxicity of crude oil spillages to indwellers of the affected ecosystems and the entire affected environment, the isolation of pure bacterial and microalgae cultures from crude effluents is a step in the right direction, particularly for bio-augmentation or bioremediation purposes. The total heterotrophic bacteria count and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count, as well as the microalgae count, were determined with the pour plate technique. The physicochemical properties of the effluent samples were also analyzed. Identification of the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria was performed with phenotypic techniques. The result shows a mean total heterotrophic bacterium count of 5.91 log CFU/ml and a mean microalga count of 4.77 log cells/ml. When crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) were used as sole carbon sources, total hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria counts were respectively estimated at 3.89 and 2.89 log CFU/ml. Phenotypic identification of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the crude oil effluents revealed the presence of two main bacterial genera: Streptococcus and Pseudomonas. Data obtained from this study confirmed the biodegradative abilities of indigenous bacterial species, thus, ultimately resulting in the amelioration of the toxicity associated with the crude oil effluents.

scholarly journals Metagenomics insight into microbial dynamics in field-scale remediation of crude oil-polluted soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chioma Blaise Chikere ◽  
Memory Tekere ◽  
Rasheed Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Naphthalene Degradation

Abstract Background: The frequency of crude oil pollution has been on the increase following increased exploration, exploitation and production of energy from fossil fuel. Bioremediation has been shown to be eco-friendly and cost-effective method of oil spill remediation. In the Niger Delta, Landfarming has been the most used technique. The aim of this research was to employ metagenomic techniques to understand microbial dynamics during field-scale remediation in the Niger Delta in order to improve and reduce the time of remediation. Results: The surface (0.0 – 0.5m) sample had an extractable TPH value of 6231 mg/kg. The subsurface samples from 1m, 1.5m and 2.0m depths had extractable TPH concentration of 4836 mg/kg, 9112 mg/kg and 7273 mk/kg respectively. Proteobacteria dominated the bacterial community of the oil-polluted soil and comprised mainly of the classes Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Alpha diversity analysis revealed the presence of crude oil in the soil reduced microbial diversity. Principal coordinate analysis showed the microbial structure continually changed following changes in the chemical composition of the soil. Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, Methylobacterium and Bacillus were among the core OTUs detected during the period of remediation. Significant variation in pathway abundance particularly pathways for propanoate degradation, benzoate degradation, naphthalene degradation, fatty acid metabolism, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and degradation of xenobiotics were observed when the unpolluted soil was compared to the samples obtained during remediation. Conclusions: The findings from this study will greatly advance an already preferred landfarming oil spill recovery technique in the Niger Delta.

Oil Spills in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria: Environmental Fate of Toxic Volatile Organics.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deinkuro Nimisngha Sanchez ◽  
Charles W. Knapp ◽  
Raimi Morufu Olalekan ◽  
Nimlang Henry Nanalok
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Modeling ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Volatile Organics ◽  
Crude Oil Pollution ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Ecological Resources

Abstract Background: Over the years, the issue of environmental degradation of ecological resources from crude oil pollution and its human health impacts is receiving more global attention. The utilization of environmental models capable of predicting the fate, transport and toxicity of chemicals in spilled crude oil can provide essential knowledge required to deal with the complexity associated with the fate of volatile petroleum chemicals in the environment. Objective: This paper explores environmental fate of toxic volatile organics from oil spill in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.Methods: A critical analysis of available literatures/data from PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Jstor, including expert working group reports and environmental modeling using a screening tool (USEPA EPI Suite™) was carried out to determine the environmental partitioning of Benzene, Toluene and Naphthalene (BTN) respectively. The organic-carbon partitioning coefficient (Koc) was computed as a function of soil-water distribution coefficient (Kd) and percentage organic matter (%OM). This was utilized to determine the distribution of BTN in the environment and the possible risk posed on delicate ecological resources from crude oil pollution due to exploration and production activities within the Niger Delta Region (NDR), Nigeria. Results: Results from literature implicated sabotage and operational failures from pipelines as primary causes of crude oil spillages. Generation of a fugacity model using EPI Suite™ revealed that the behavior of BTN is greatly influenced by Koc values. The default Molecular Connectivity Index (MCI) showed that benzene and toluene will partition more into the water compartment while naphthalene will partition into the soil compartment. However, user-entered values showed all three chemicals partitioning more into the soil compartment. Aquatic toxicology estimation using Ecological Structural Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) revealed all chemicals not to be toxic even at over-estimated Koc values. Conclusion: This research established the usefulness of screening level environmental modelling tools in assessing environmental risk and hence helpful in developing site-specific models for monitoring chemicals in the environment which can assist governments, policy makers and industries in the design of appropriate regional disaster management plans.

Toxicity Assessment of some Crude Oil Contaminated Soils in the Niger Delta

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Aisien ◽  
J.C. Chiadikobi ◽  
E.T. Aisien
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters

This paper considered the toxicity assessment of some crude oil contaminated soils in Niger Delta areas. The soil samples were collected from different horizontal distances, vertical depths and contaminated soil of different ages. The heavy metals in the contaminated soils were digested and extracted using di-acid digested and DTPA extraction methods respectively. The physiochemical parameters (moisture content, pH, N, P and heavy metals (Ni, Pb and Cd) were analysed with APHA method. The heavy metals concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that the metals concentration decreased with the age of the contaminated soil and with increased vertical depths. However, the metals concentrations were almost constant at different horizontal distances. Similar trend was observed for the moisture content, pH, N, P and K.

scholarly journals Metagenomics insight into microbial dynamics in field-scale remediation of crude oil-polluted soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chioma Blaise Chikere ◽  
Memory Tekere ◽  
Rasheed Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Naphthalene Degradation

Abstract Background: The frequency of crude oil pollution has been on the increase following increased exploration, exploitation and production of energy from fossil fuel. Bioremediation has been shown to be eco-friendly and cost-effective method of oil spill remediation. In the Niger Delta, Landfarming has been the most used technique. The aim of this research was to employ metagenomic techniques to understand microbial dynamics during field-scale remediation in the Niger Delta in order to improve and reduce the time of remediation. Results: The surface (0.0 – 0.5m) sample had an extractable TPH value of 6231 mg/kg. The subsurface samples from 1m, 1.5m and 2.0m depths had extractable TPH concentration of 4836 mg/kg, 9112 mg/kg and 7273 mk/kg respectively. Proteobacteria dominated the soil microbial profile in all the samples studied as it made up at least 50% of each sample and mostly comprised of the class Alphaproteobacteria with variation only on day 18 and 36 which was mostly dominated by the class Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. Alpha diversity analysis revealed the presence of crude oil in the soil reduced microbial diversity. Principal coordinate analysis showed the microbial structure continually changed following changes in the chemical composition of the soil. Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, Rhodoplanes, Methylobacterium and Bacillus were the core OTUs detected during the period of remediation. Significant variation in pathway abundance particularly pathways for propanoate degradation, benzoate degradation, naphthalene degradation, fatty acid metabolism, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and degradation of xenobiotics were observed when the unpolluted soil was compared to the samples obtained during remediation. Conclusions: The findings from this study will greatly advance an already preferred landfarming oil spill recovery technique in the Niger Delta.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oil and Gas Development on the Landscape and Surface in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
S M Nazmuz Sakib
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Petroleum Development ◽  
The Impact

This writing will focus on the impact on the impact of oil and gas development on the landscape, surface water and groundwater of the Niger Delta – while also assessing the various means of remediation in use. Geologically, the Niger Delta petroleum systems consist of Lower Cretaceous , Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleocene and Tertiary. When Nigeria became an independent nation on 1 October 1960, Shell–BP began to relinquish its acreage and its exploration licenses were converted into prospecting licenses that allowed development and production. The Federal Government of Nigeria started its Department of Petroleum Resources Inspectorate in 1970 and Nigeria joined the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1971. – and in order to take control of the country’s petroleum industry, Nigeria nationalized BP’s holding completely in 1979, and Shell–BP became Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Oil spillages routinely occur in the Niger Delta. The official figures of SPDC show that between 1976 and 2001, 6,187 incidents in which 3 million barrels were spilled. The Niger Delta Environmental Survey An impact assessment of the 1983 Oshika oil spill. Spills of crude oil in Niger Delta farmlands have been reported since 1971. In general, toxicity depends on nature and type of crude oil , level of oil contamination, type of environment and degree of selective of individual organisms. Controlled burning effectively reduce the amount of oil in water, if done properly but it must be done in low wind and can cause air pollution. A principal target for emissions reduction is flaring and venting which causes most of the air pollution. Saltwater tanks can be often susceptible to lightning strikes due to build up in static electricity, with the spilled oil spreading to surrounding lands, waterways. This requires a secondary containment of the tanks that makes it easier to clean up the inevitable spill. In cases of expected major storms or flooding events, crude oil can be removed from tank batteries while refilling the tanks with saltwater to prevent them tipping over during the flooding event.

scholarly journals Oil Spillage and Heavy Metals Toxicity Risk in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enegide Chinedu ◽  
Chukwuma Kelechukwu Chukwuemeka
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Heavy Metals Toxicity ◽  
Financial Interests

Background. Heavy metals are known to elicit toxic effects which negatively affect human health. Crude oil is known to contain heavy metals and oil spills contaminate the environment and can result in human exposures to heavy metals. As the seat of crude oil activities, the Niger Delta region experiences the highest rate of oil spills in Nigeria. Objective. The purpose of this study was to estimate the quantity of oil spilled into the Niger Delta region from 1976 through 2014 and to assess the resulting heavy metals exposures of the local population. Methods. Secondary data from governmental and non-governmental bodies were analyzed and the amount of oil spilled in the Niger Delta region from 1976 through 2014 was determined. The heavy metals present in crude oil from this region and the quantities released into the environment within the study period due to spillage were then extrapolated. Results. The Niger Delta region is continuously exposed to a higher rate of oil spills, and about 3.1 million barrels of crude oil enriched in manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) were spilled from 1976 to 2014 in this region. Therefore, the occupants of this region may be at risk of heavy metals toxicity. Conclusion. To minimize heavy metals exposure and toxicity in the Niger Delta region, effective strategies must be adopted to reduce oil spills. In addition, curtailment and remediation of oil spills should be more rapid. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

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