scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Acid Producing Bacteria from Selected Oilfield Environments within the Niger Delta

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
W. F. Briggs ◽  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
G. C. Okpokwasili ◽  
O. M. Immanuel ◽  
C. J. Ugboma
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

Acid producing bacteria are considered an important group of corrosive bacteria that have economic importance to petroleum industry. In this research, acid producing bacteria were isolated from produced water sample collected at ten (10) oil field environments within the Niger Delta region. The multiple tube fermentation technique was used to isolate the bacteria while Phenol red dextrose broth was used as the microbiological medium for the isolation of the acid producing bacteria. Also total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC) was determined under aerobic and anaerobic condition using the standard plate count technique and the boiling method used for the extraction of acid producing bacterial DNA after growing in Luria Bertani broth. The extracted bacterial DNA were purified and quantified before PCR amplification. The PCR amplicons were subjected to gel electrophoresis. The bacterial DNA bands were quantified using 1500bp ladder. The result obtained showed that some acid producing bacteria isolated could survive as facultative microorganisms belonging to genera such as Klebsiella, Pantoea, Escherichia, Providentia, Proteus, Shewanella, Myroides and Pseudomonas. There was growth in all samples under aerobic condition with a THBC ranging from 3.602x102Cfu/ml – 4.698x102Cfu/ml while the range was within 3.301x102Cfu/ml – 5.676x102Cfu/ml under anaerobic condition. For physicochemical parameters determined, temperature range for all samples was within 23.9ºC – 24.8ºC; pH was within 7.24 – 8.10; total dissolved solids was within 470 mg/ml – 16160 mg/ml and conductivity was within 1.885 µs/cm – 845.2 µs/cm.  The results also showed that acid producing bacteria grow mostly under aerobic condition unlike the sulphate reducing bacteria.

scholarly journals Microbiological and Physicochemical Assessment of Sediment in Bodo Community, Rivers State, Niger Delta

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
E. Eseosa Ediae ◽  
I. Cliff Ediae ◽  
U. Okon Edet ◽  
I. Ubi Bassey ◽  
E. Nkagafel Mbim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Iron Chromium

Crude oil pollution is common place in the Niger Delta despite well known adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial biodiversities. Triplicate sediment samples were obtained from Bodo community in Ogoni Land, Niger Delta and made into a composite sample. The sample was then evaluated for physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polyaromatic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), total heterotrophic bacteria (THBC), and fungi (THFC) using standards methodologies. Concentration profile of heavy metals was iron (Fe) > chromium (Cr) > zinc (Zn) > nickel (Ni) > vanadium (V) in decreasing order. Furthermore, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate, sulphate were 884.53, 12.32, 34.45, and 26.76 mg/kg, respectively. TPH and PAH concentrations were 30,797 and 52.12 mg/kg, respectively. Nitrate, iron, chromium, nickel, TPH, and PAH all failed to meet regulatory standards. TPH failed to meet Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN) target and intervention values of 50 and 5,000 mg/kg, respectively. Total heterotrophic bacteria and fungi counts were observed to decrease with days of incubation in crude oil. The findings in the study reveal worrisome levels of TPH, PAH, iron, chromium, and nickel, and impact on microbial diversity. Thus, there is a need for periodic monitoring of sediments and water bodies in the Niger Delta.

Ghana's petroleum industry: expectations, frustrations and anger in coastal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-424
Author(s):  
Jesse Salah Ovadia ◽  
Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno ◽  
James Van Alstine
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Negative Impacts

ABSTRACTWith much fanfare, Ghana's Jubilee Oil Field was discovered in 2007 and began producing oil in 2010. In the six coastal districts nearest the offshore fields, expectations of oil-backed development have been raised. However, there is growing concern over what locals perceive to be negative impacts of oil and gas production. Based on field research conducted in 2010 and 2015 in the same communities in each district, this paper presents a longitudinal study of the impacts (real and perceived) of oil and gas production in Ghana. With few identifiable benefits beyond corporate social responsibility projects often disconnected from local development priorities, communities are growing angrier at their loss of livelihoods, increased social ills and dispossession from land and ocean. Assuming that others must be benefiting from the petroleum resources being extracted near their communities, there is growing frustration. High expectations, real and perceived grievances, and increasing social fragmentation threaten to lead to conflict and underdevelopment.

Oxygen concentration affects frequency and range of transconjugants for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1015
Author(s):  
Kentaro Ochi ◽  
Maho Tokuda ◽  
Kosuke Yanagiya ◽  
Chiho Suzuki-Minakuchi ◽  
Hideaki Nojiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Recipient Strain ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Filter Mating ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

ABSTRACT The frequency of transconjugants were compared for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Filter mating assays were performed with one donor strain and one recipient strain using different donors of Pseudomonas and recipient strains, including Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Buttiauxella. Under anaerobic condition, frequencies of transconjugants for both plasmids were 101-103-fold lower than those under aerobic condition regardless of whether aerobically or anaerobically grown donors and recipients were used. To compare the transconjugant ranges under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, conjugation was performed between the donor of pBP136 and recipient bacteria extracted from environmental samples. Several transconjugants were uniquely obtained from each aerobic or anaerobic condition. Our findings indicate that a plasmid can differently spread among bacteria depending on the oxygen concentrations of the environment.

scholarly journals Reservoir characterization and by-passed pay analysis of philus field in Niger delta, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmonu Ayobami ◽  
Adabanija Adedapo ◽  
Adagunodo Aanuoluwa ◽  
Adeniji Ayokunnu
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stock Tank ◽  
Original Oil In Place

Hydrocarbon resources have become the most essential commodity contributing to any nation’s growth and development in the recent years. For the past decades now, the quest for hydrocarbon resources has been increasing in an arithmetic rate that its supply can no longer meets the demand for its consumption today. In petroleum industry, seismic and well log analyses play a vital role in oil and gas exploration and formation evaluation. This study is aimed to effectively characterize the reservoirs and analyze the by-passed pay in Philus Field, Niger-Delta, Nigeria in order to look into the economic viability and profitability of the volume of oil in the identified reservoir(s). The faults in the study area trend in NW-SE direction and dip towards the south. Seven reservoirs were mapped on Philus field. A discovery trap and a by-passed (new prospect) trap were mapped out on the field. The petrophysical analysis showed that porosity of Philus field was 0.24. The volumetric analysis showed that the Stock Tank Original Oil in Place of discovery trap (Philus field) ranged from 1.6 to 43.1 Mbbl while that of new prospect trap ranged from 18.1 to 211.3 Mbbl. It is recommended that the oil reserve of Philus field needs to be recalculated.

scholarly journals Estimation of Oil-Water Contact Level Using Different Approaches: A Case Study for an Iraqi Carbonate Reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Wisam I. Al-Rubaye ◽  
Dhiaa S. Ghanem ◽  
Hussein Mohammed Kh ◽  
Hayder Abdulzahra ◽  
Ali M. Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Original Oil In Place ◽  
Drainage Data

In petroleum industry, an accurate description and estimation of the Oil-Water Contact(OWC) is very important in quantifying the resources (i.e. original oil in place (OIIP)), andoptimizing production techniques, rates and overall management of the reservoir. Thus,OWC accurate estimation is crucial step for optimum reservoir characterization andexploration. This paper presents a comparison of three different methods (i.e. open holewell logging, MDT test and capillary pressure drainage data) to determine the oil watercontact of a carbonate reservoir (Main Mishrif) in an Iraqi oil field "BG”. A total of threewells from "BG" oil field were evaluated by using interactive petrophysics software "IPv3.6". The results show that using the well logging interpretations leads to predict OWCdepth of -3881 mssl. However, it shows variance in the estimated depth (WELL X; -3939,WELL Y; -3844, WELL Z; -3860) mssl, which is considered as an acceptable variationrange due to the fact that OWC height level in reality is not constant and its elevation isusually changed laterally due to the complicated heterogeneity nature of the reservoirs.Furthermore, the results indicate that the MDT test can predict a depth of OWC at -3889mssl, while the capillary drainage data results in a OWC depth of -3879 mssl. The properMDT data and SCAL data are necessary to reduce the uncertainty in the estimationprocess. Accordingly, the best approach for estimating OWC is the combination of MDTand capillary pressure due to the field data obtained are more reliable than open hole welllogs with many measurement uncertainties due to the fact of frequent borehole conditions.

scholarly journals Disinfection performance of a drinking water bottle system with a UVC LED cap against waterborne pathogens and heterotrophic contaminants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Mariita ◽  
Sebastien A Blumenstein ◽  
Christian M Beckert ◽  
Thomas Gombas ◽  
Rajul V Randive
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Background: The purgaty One systems (cap+bottle) are portable stainless-steel water bottles with ultraviolet subtype C (UVC) disinfection capability. This study examines the bottle design, verifies disinfection performance against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae and heterotrophic contaminants and addresses the public health relevance of heterotrophic bacteria. Methods: Bottles were inoculated with bacterial strains and disinfection efficacy examined using colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method was used to determine the disinfection performance against environmental contaminants at day 0 and after 3 days of water stagnation. All UVC irradiation experiments were performed under stagnant conditions to confirm that the preset application cycle of 55 seconds offers the desired disinfection performance under worst-case condition. To determine the effectiveness of purgaty One systems (cap+bottle) in disinfection, inactivation efficacy or log reduction value (LRV) was determined using bacteria concentration between UVC ON condition and controls (UVC OFF). The study utilized the 16S rRNA gene for isolate characterization by identifying HPC bacteria to confirm if they belong to groups that are of public health concern. Results: Purgaty One systems fitted with Klaran UVC LEDs achieved 99.99% inactivation (LRV4) efficacy against E. coli and 99.9% inactivation (LRV3) against P. aeruginosa, V. cholerae and heterotrophic contaminants. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analyses, the study determined that the identified HPC isolates enriched by UVC irradiation are of rare public health concern. Conclusion: The bottles satisfactorily inactivated the target pathogenic bacteria and HPC contaminants even after 3 days of water stagnation.

scholarly journals Degradation of Bacterial Water Quality in Drinking Water after Bottling

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Charlotte D. Smith ◽  
Abolfazl Amini
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Storage Duration

Background: The consumption of bottled water globally, including Iran, has increased tremendously in recent years. This study was designed to assess the bacteriological quality of bottled water and its compliance with the drinking water regulations. In addition, we evaluated bottled waters for the presence of a variety of genera of bacteria and the effect of storage duration on the extent of bacterial contamination. Methods: Four hundred samples of bottled water belonging to ten different Iranian brands with various production dates were purchased from supermarkets in Gorgan, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. Bacterial quality of bottled water was assessed using heterotrophic plate count (HPC) followed by usual biochemical tests for identification of bacterial genera, and by the API system. Results: The average HPC of bottled water was 9974 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). Twelve genera were isolated, among which Bacillus spp. and Escherichia coli were the most and least abundant, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a positive association between water quality and storage duration so that the highest microbial load occurred within the first to third months after bottling. Furthermore, the highest rate of contamination was observed in May when ambient air temperatures commonly reached 40 °C. Conclusion: The bacterial quality of bottled water was not according to the standard of drinking water quality. This study demonstrated the variation in bacterial levels after bottling, which indicates the presence of waterborne heterotrophic bacteria, some of which can pose severe health risks to consumers.

Application of Computational Intelligence in Generating Synthetic Reservoir Rock Mechanical Parameters for Building Geo-Models.

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Akubue ◽  
A.. Dosunmu ◽  
F. T. Beka
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Sonic Log

Abstract Oil field Operations such as wellbore stability Management and variety of other activities in the upstream petroleum industry require geo-mechanical models for their analysis. Sometimes, the required subsurface measurements used to estimate rock parameters for building such models are unavailable. On this premise, past studies have offered variety of methods and investigative techniques such as empirical correlations, statistical analysis and numerical models to generate these data from available information. However, the complexity of the relationships that exists between the natural occurring variables make the aforementioned techniques limited. This work involves the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to generating rock properties. A three-layer back-propagation neural network model was applied predicting pseudo-sonic data using conventional wireline log data as input. Four well data from a Niger-Delta field were used in this study, one for training, one for validating and the two others for generating and testing results. The network was trained with different sets of initial random weights and biases using various learning algorithms. Root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) were used as key performance indicators. This Neural-Network-Generated-Sonic-log was compared with those generated with existing correlations and statistical analysis. The results showed that the most influential input vectors with various configurations for predicting sonic log were Depth-Resistivity-Gamma ray-Density (with correlating coefficient between 0.7 and 0.9). The generated sonic was subsequently used to compute for other elastic properties needed to build mechanical earth model for evaluating the strength properties of drilled formations, hence optimise drilling performance. The models are useful in Minimizing well cost, as well as reducing Non Productive Time (NPT) caused by wellbore instability. This technique is particularly useful for mature fields, especially in situations where obtaining this well logs are usually not practicable.

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