Influence of winter stress and plastic tunnels on yield and quality of spinach, pak choi, radish, and carrot

Author(s):  
Santosh Shiwakoti, Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Vicki Schlegel

Plastic tunnels are the viable options for the successful production of cold-tolerant vegetables during cold months of the milder climate regions. However, growing vegetables in northern climates can be a challenge because of long and severe winters. Therefore, we conducted a plastic tunnels study on carrot, radish, spinach, and pak choi in northern Wyoming, USA to explore the viability and quality of the vegetable production under winter stress. The objective was to quantify the effect of different season extension methods on the produce yield, its total phenol content, and antioxidant activity. The experiment consisted of three tunnel systems: high tunnel (Ht), low tunnel (Lt), and low tunnel within high tunnel (LtHt). We were able to harvest vegetables in the freezing November of Wyoming. Spinach, and pak choi had markedly higher yield in LtHt (6,410 kg ha-1 spinach and 20,644 kg ha-1 pak choi) than Ht (4,574 kg ha-1 for spinach and 12,076 kg ha-1 for pak choi) and Lt (3,253 kg ha-1 spinach and 8,242 kg ha-1 pak choi).  The concentrations of nutrients in the vegetables weren’t affected by the tunnel systems. Greater antioxidant activity of pak choi was evident in Ht than in Lt and LtHt. This experiment demonstrated that challenges of severe winter for growing cool-season vegetables can be mitigated largely by opting for LtHt rather than Lt or Ht alone.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.


HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 269E-269
Author(s):  
Gloria McIntosh ◽  
Gerald Klingaman

Spunbonded polyester or polystyrene row covers were used as additional cold protection for spinach (Spinacia oleracea), kale (Brassica oleracea), pak choi (Brassica rapa) and P-types of lettuce (Lactuca savita) grown in ground beds under unheated polyethylene tunnels during the fall and winter of 1991 and 1992 in climatic zone 6. Temperatures inside poly tunnels averaged 2.4C warmer than outside. Average temperatures were 1.9C warmer than control under polystyrene and 1.5C warmer under spunbonded polyester. Average hourly temperatures showed both row covers offered significantly more cold protection than the greenhouse covering alone; but the two row covers offered similar protection from the cold. Row covers did not result in fresh weight differences in most of the species tested, except kale which had greater fresh weight in control. It may be concluded that during a similar mild winter, these cool season vegetables could be grown under unheated polyethylene tunnels with no additional protection necessary. When temperatures are lower, row covers could provide the protection required to produce these crops.


Author(s):  
В.Н. Наумкин ◽  
А.С. Блинник ◽  
О.Ю. Артёмова ◽  
А.Н. Демидова ◽  
М.И. Лукашевич ◽  
...  

В статье представлены результаты исследований влияния новых форм микроудобрений при их раздельном применении и в сочетании с макроудобрениями на продуктивность и качество семян кормового люпина в условиях юго-западной части ЦЧР, где эта культура возделывается сравнительно недавно. Исследования проводились в 2018–2019 годах в коллекционном питомнике кафедры растениеводства, селекции и овощеводства Белгородского ГАУ в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками проведения опытов с зерновыми бобовыми культурами. В питании растений люпина белого важное место отводится макро- и микроудобрениям, которые способны активизировать метаболические процессы растений и обеспечить высокую продуктивность посева. В связи с этим возникла необходимость изучения их влияния на урожайность и качество семян люпина белого в засушливых условиях региона. Объектом исследований был люпин белый сорт Дега, предшественник — яровая пшеница. Почва опытного участка — чернозём типичный среднемощный тяжелосуглинистого гранулометрического состава. Метеорологические условия вегетационных периодов люпина характеризовались повышенным температурным режимом и недостаточным увлажнением по сравнению со среднемноголетними показателями. Исследования показали, что лучшими являются варианты, в которых применялись листовые подкормки растений в фазу бутонизации, сочетающие микроудобрение «Аквамикс-ТВ» с разными формами макроудобрений: сернокислым калием и монофосфатом калия как в комплексе с обработкой семян микроудобрением «Аквамикс-Т», так и отдельно. В этих вариантах в среднем за годы исследований получена наибольшая урожайность семян в опыте — 3,60, 3,61 и 3,72 т/га, рентабельность — более 140%, условно чистый доход — более 32 000 руб./га, что значительно превышает варианты с предпосевной обработкой семян и раздельным применением удобрений при листовой подкормке. Все варианты обработок изучаемыми макро- и микроудобрениями способствовали увеличению содержания белка в семенах: прибавка по сравнению с контролем варьировалась от 3,42 до 5,88%. This article reports on the effect of new micronutrient fertilizers applied separately or in combination with macronutrient fertilizers on the productivity and quality of lupine seeds. Forage lupine grows in the south-west of the Central Chernozem region. The investigation took place in the nursery of the department of Crop Science, Plant Breeding and Vegetable Production of the Belgorod State Agrarian University in 2018–2019. The experiment was conducted in accordance with standard methods. Macronutrient and micronutrient fertilizers are able to activate plant metabolism increasing crop productivity. Therefore, there effect on seed yield and quality of white lupine is of particular interest specifically under drought. Lupine “Dega” was planted after spring wheat. Soil was typical chernozem with high clay content. Weather conditions were dry compared to annual average parameters. Topdressing by the micronutrient fertilizers “Akvamiks-TV” either with potassium sulfate or potassium monophosphate at budding time had the highest effectiveness regardless of seed treatment with “Akvamiks-T”. These variants showed the highest seed productivity — 3.60, 3.61 and 3.72 t ha-1, payback — over 140%, net income — over 32 000 RUB ha-1, significantly exceeding the variants with seed treatment, topdressing and separate fertilization. Macronutrient and micronutrient fertilizers increased protein content in seeds by 3.42–5.88%.


HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1158a-1158
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Brunson ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak

Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L., cv. Hiline) were planted following over-wintering cover crops. In replicated field trials, stand development for 7 different cover crops and their effects on incidence of weeds, insects, diseases, and nematodes was assessed. Effects of cover crops on yield and quality of cantaloupe were evaluated. Cover crops evaluated were rye, crimson clover, lentils, subterranean clover, `Vantage' vetch, mustard, a polyculture of all cover crops and control-fallow. No insecticides were applied and only two applications of fungicides were made. Fertilizer applications were significantly reduced. No differences among cover crops for any of pest nematodes were observed. Significant differences in populations of beneficial and pest insects were observed. Polyculture had the highest plant vigor rating. The highest marketable yield occurred following crimson clover.


Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Jacob Dale Arthur ◽  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Geoffrey Thomas Lalk ◽  
Guihong Bi

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are not only one of the most widely grown and consumed vegetables in the U.S., but are also one of the most economically important vegetables for Mississippi growers operating on small- to medium-sized farms. High tunnel production and vegetable grafting serve as effective approaches to provide season extension and improve productivity and resistance to a number of abiotic and biotic factors for tomato plants. Six tomato cultivars, including three hybrids (‘Big Beef’, ‘Early Girl’, and ‘Sun Sugar’) and three heirlooms (‘Brandywine’, ‘Mortgage Lifter’, and ‘San Marzano’), were evaluated for plant growth, fruit yield, and quality in a containerized high tunnel production system in 2020. Each cultivar was grafted onto two types of interspecific hybrid rootstocks ‘Emperador’, or ‘Maxifort’, or grown non-grafted as control. ‘Big Beef’ and ‘Early Girl’ produced comparable highest marketable yields of 9.62 to 11.12 kg per plant, compared with ‘San Marzano’ and ‘Sun Sugar’ producing the lowest marketable yields of 3.27 to 4.76 kg per plant due to small fruit sizes. Grafting the selected tomato cultivars with the two rootstock types did not alter total marketable yield of any cultivar, but affected overall stem diameter, fruit color, and β-carotene concentrations. The rootstock ‘Emperador’ decreased soluble solids content and titratable acidity in ‘Early Girl’ compared to ‘Maxifort’ grafted or non-grafted plants. The high tunnel enabled early transplanting and resulted in advanced tomato harvest by approximately three to four weeks compared to local field production.


HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730-1736
Author(s):  
Yun Kong ◽  
Katherine Schiestel ◽  
David Llewellyn ◽  
Youbin Zheng

Intercropping can increase land use efficiency in high tunnel crop production, but it may also lead to decreases in yield and quality of main crops due to the potential competition for resources. This study evaluated the agronomic viability of intercropping snow pea (Pisum sativum L., ‘Ho Lan Dou’) with cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme ‘Sarina hybrid’) without additional inputs of water and fertilizers on peas in an organic high tunnel production system under Southern Ontario climate conditions in Guelph, Ontario, Canada (lat. 43.5 °N, long. 80.2 °W) during 2015 and 2016. In each 80-cm-wide bed, the tomato crops were planted alternately in double rows spaced 30 cm apart, with in-row spacing of 110 cm, which resulted in a planting density of ≈24,000 plants/ha. The snow pea seeds were sown between the tomato plants (i.e., within the same beds as tomatoes) in holes (two seeds per hole), with four rows in each bed and in-row holes spaced 10 cm and at least 25 cm away from the tomato plants, which resulted in a seeding rate of ≈650, 000 seeds/ha. The same amount of water or fertilizer was applied to the intercropping and nonintercropping plots based on the needs of the cherry tomato plants. Plant growth, fruit yield, and quality were compared between tomato plants with and without intercropping. Intercropping with snow peas did not affect total marketable fruit yield, unmarketable fruit percentage, fruit quality traits (e.g., individual fruit weight, soluble solids content, dry matter content, and postharvest water loss), or early-stage plant growth of the cherry tomato. Therefore, it is at least an agronomical possibility to intercrop snow peas with cherry tomatoes on the same beds without additional inputs of water and fertilizer on snow peas in an organic high tunnel system. The additional yield of pea shoots or pods in the intercropping treatment also increased economic gross returns in the high tunnels, although the economic net return might vary with the costs of seeds and labor involved in snow pea growing.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document