scholarly journals Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Alkali Pretreatment for Enhancement of Delignification Process of Cocoa Pod Husk

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Maktum Muharja ◽  
Rizki Fitria Darmayanti ◽  
Bekti Palupi ◽  
Istiqomah Rahmawati ◽  
Boy Arief Fachri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Pretreatment Technology ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Open Access Article

In this study, the optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline (MAA) pretreatment is performed to attain the optimal operating parameters for the delignification of cocoa pod husk (CPH). The MAA performance was examined by heating the CPH solid with different particle sizes (60–120 mesh) and NaOH solution with a different sample to a solvent (SS) ratio (0.02–0.05 g/L), for short irradiation time (1–4 min). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the percentage of lignocellulose composition changes. The results show that by enlarging particle size, the content of lignin and cellulose decreased while hemicellulose increased. By prolong irradiation time, the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased while cellulose elevated. On the other hand, increasing the SS ratio was not significant for hemicellulose content changes. From FTIR and SEM characterization, the MAA drove the removal of lignin and hemicellulose of CPH and increased cellulose slightly. Supported by kinetic study which conducted in this work, it was exhibited that MAA pretreatment technology is an effective delignification method of CPH which can tackle the bottleneck of its commercial biofuel production. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

GUM KARAYA-G-POLY (ACRYLAMIDE): MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS, OPTIMISATION AND CHARACTERISATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
LOVELEENPREET KAUR ◽  
G. D. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Grafting Efficiency ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Gum Karaya ◽  
Karaya Gum

Objective: The objective of the present research is to formulate acrylamide grafted Karaya gum by using microwave-assisted grafting method and optimisation is performed by using Box behnken design. Methods: The extracted mucilage of gum Karaya was modified into grafted gum Karaya by using a microwave-assisted method. Acrylamide was used as monomer and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is used as redox initiator. The experimental design for optimisation include three independent variables gum concentration (X1), ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) amount (X2) and irradiation time (X3) while the dependent variables were % yield (Y1), % grafting (Y2) and % grafting efficiency (Y3). The optimised formulation was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results: After optimisation the formulation with acrylamide amount 5 g, ceric ammonium nitrate amount 200 mg and irradiation time of 2 min was selected as optimized formulation. The optimised formulation has percentage grafting of 853.5%, with grafting efficiency of 77.59%. Conclusion: The application of box behnken design for optimisation was performed successfully in microwave assisted grafting of acrylamide on karaya gum.

Response Surface Method to Optimize Pretreatment of Rice Husk by Microwave-Assisted NaOH Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1486-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Ni Han ◽  
Ding Xie ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Naoh Solution

The effect of microwave-assisted NaOH solution to pretreat rice husk was studied with RSM (Response Surface Method). When NaOH concentration; microwave power; irradiation time and solid-to-liquid ratio, are 1.5%; 650 w; 16 min and 1:12 respectively, the rice husk which are treated under such conditions can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme to get 56.24% sugars.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll from Filter Mud of Sugercane Mill and Component Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Rong Guo ◽  
Shao Ying Ma ◽  
Xiao Fei Wang ◽  
Er Fang Ren ◽  
Yuan Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Filter Mud ◽  
Strong Absorption Peak

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract chlorophylls from filter mud. Ethanol was used as the solvent. The optimal conditions for the MAE of chlorophylls were concluded from the study as the irradiation time, 50 s, the ratio of liquid to solid, 8:1 (mL/g), the extraction temperature, 40 °C, and the extraction time, 60 min. Compared with conventional extraction, the MAE of chlorophylls from the filter mud was more effective. The extraction time for MAE was 60 min with 0.277 mg/g chlorophyll yield, while conventional extraction needed 240 min with only about 0.259 mg/g chlorophyll yield. The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of the extracted chlorophylls showed that there was a strong absorption peak at about 663 nm. C=N, Mg-N and C-N was not seen existed from the infrared spectroscopy probably because that the mixed extracts were not purified and the chlorophyll content was less.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted Extraction of Spruce Bark: Statistical Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sládková ◽  
Ján Stopka ◽  
Aleš Ház ◽  
Petra Strižincová ◽  
Igor Šurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Optimization ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Assisted Extraction

scholarly journals Extraction of Phytosterol Concentration in Different Legume Pods by Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Noormazlinah Noormazlinah ◽  
Norlaili Hashim ◽  
Abdurahman Hamid Nour ◽  
Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim ◽  
Maria Pilar Almajano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Optimum System ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Extraction Parameters

The traditional ways in the extraction of bioactive compounds using conventional methods are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this, the potential of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation conditions for extraction of phytosterol from legume pods was investigated. Salkowski test performed on the legume pod has shown the reddish brown in all sample which confirmed the presence of phytosterol qualitatively. Liebermann-Burchard procedure and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) apparatus were used to study the concentration of phytosterol at different extraction parameters which are temperature (25–80 °C), solvent concentration (50–100% v/v), irradiation time (1–10 min) and microwave power (400–800 W). The optimal conditions for highest yield of extract (0.219 mg/L) were obtained at a microwave power of 600 W, the irradiation time of 6 min, and ethanol concentration of 75% v/v. Results obtained in this study have shown the capability of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation in the extraction of phytosterol from legume pod. Further works are nevertheless required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.

Meso-mechanics simulation analysis of microwave-assisted mineral liberation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Like ◽  
Dai Jun ◽  
Yuan Liqun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Mineral Crystal ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Time And Energy

Microwave-assisted crushing and grinding can improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption. This paper takes rock grains with galena and calcite as the research object to establish a two-dimensional computational model through the finite difference software FLAC2D. It analyzes the process and law of mineral boundary failure under microwave irradiation, and assesses the effects of four factors, namely, microwave irradiation time, power density, mineral crystal size, and mineral content, on mineral boundary failure. Results indicate an optimal microwave irradiation period for the rapid failure of mineral boundary. Moreover, irradiation time and energy consumption can be reduced by increasing the microwave power density. However, irradiation time and energy consumption are basically unchanged when the microwave power density is above a certain threshold. Mineral content slightly affects the microwave irradiation time, whereas mineral crystal size significantly affects the microwave irradiation time. In addition, a larger-sized mineral crystal requires less irradiation time and energy consumption to reach the same failure rate. However, irradiation time and energy consumption slightly change when the crystal size is larger than a certain value.

scholarly journals Optimization of microwave‐assisted alkali pretreatment of cassava rhizome for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakaya Sombatpraiwan ◽  
Tiraporn Junyusen ◽  
Tawarat Treeamnak ◽  
Payungsak Junyusen
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Microwave Assisted
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