scholarly journals Hydro-treating and Hydro-isomerisation of Sunflower Oil using Pt/SAPO-11: Influence of Templates in Ultrasonic Assisted with Hydrothermal Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-135
Author(s):  
Shanmugam Palanisamy ◽  
Durona Palanisamy ◽  
Mugaishudeen Gul ◽  
Kannan Kandasamy ◽  
Borje Sten Gevert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted

Pt/SAPO-11 mesopores type materials has successfully synthesized using different templates, such as: diethylamine (DEA), dimethylamine (DMA), and n-propylamine (n-PA), under ultrasonication coupled with hydrothermal treatment or independently with hydrothermal treatment. The influences of structure directing agent (SDA) and synthesis method are investigated by different characterization techniques and the role of the material as catalyst in hydrotreating of sunflower oil has examined. The synthesized materials have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) techniques. It is found that SAPO-11 material which has synthesized with n-PA as a template has the characteristics of high silicon incorporation. Hydrotreating of sunflower oil is carried out in a fixed bed reactor with Pt impregnated SAPO-11 catalyst and a detailed study on the isomerization is performed by varying the operating parameters like temperature and space velocity. The high selectivity of Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst is achieved by uniform pore size and acidity. Also the pore opening of the catalyst has a major effect in the selectivity of the catalyst. Further, it represents a higher ratio of isomers compared to other synthesized catalysts on hydro-treating of sunflower oil.  Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

Synthesis of disodium phosphonate functionalized graphene oxide as an efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for mercaptan removal from the gas stream

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950027
Author(s):  
Masoumeh M. Mirzaeian ◽  
Ali Morad Rashidi ◽  
Masud Zare
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
Mercaptan Removal

Mercaptans are commonly present in natural gas. Their high corrosiveness make them the most undesirable sulfur compounds, so they should be removed because of harmful effects on the environment. Disodium phosphonate functionalized graphene oxide (GO-P(Na)2) nanocatalyst was synthesized and adsorption of mercaptan on nanocatalyst was studied in this work. The nanocatalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The experiments were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor and the effect of temperature and Gas Hour Space Velocity (GHSV) parameters on mercaptan removal under nanocatalyst were investigated, demonstrating that increasing the temperature and decreasing the GHSV improves the rate of the reaction. Moreover, the kinetic parameters relevant to catalytic reaction for mercaptan removal under nanocatalyst were reported. The experimental results displayed that the maximum of mercaptan removal was obtained under GO-P(Na)2 nanocatalyst at the temperature of 100∘C and GHSV of 1000[Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text]. The concentration of output mercaptan under nanocatalyst reduced from 16,800[Formula: see text]ppm to less than 25[Formula: see text]ppm.

scholarly journals Effect of CO2 partial pressure on dry reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Fahim Fayaz ◽  
Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman ◽  
Sharanjit Singh ◽  
Sweeta Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

The effect of CO2 partial pressure on ethanol dry reforming was evaluated over 5%Ce-10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst at = PCO2 = 20-50 kPa, PC2H5OH = 20 kPa, reaction temperature of 973 K under atmospheric pressure. The catalyst was prepared by using impregnation method and tested in a fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction measurements studied the formation of Co3O4, spinel CoAl2O4 and CeO2, phases on surface of 5%Ce-10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst. CeO2, CoO and Co3O4 oxides were obtained during temperature–programmed calcination. Ce-promoted 10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst possessed high BET surface area of 137.35 m2 g-1. C2H5OH and CO2 conversions was improved with increasing CO2 partial pressure from 20-50 kPa whilst the optimal selectivity of H2 and CO was achieved at 50 kPa.

Modified Cuo/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis from Co and CO2 Co-Hydrogenation

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1529-1534
Author(s):  
Wen Gui Gao ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Wen Yan Liu ◽  
Feng Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Co Hydrogenation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Co Precipitation

A series of CuO-ZnO-Al2O3catalysts modified by different promoter were prepared by co-precipitation or incipient wet impregnation and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2physisorption, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and carbon dioxide temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). The modified catalysts were tested for methanol synthesis from CO/CO2co-hydrogenation in a fixed bed reactor with feed containing CO, CO2and H2(CO:CO2:H2=1.0:1.08:6.24, volume radio). It is revealed that the catalysts modified by Zr, Mg, Ca has higher activity of methanol synthesis by CO and CO2co-hydrogenation. Especially, the addition of Zr enhances the conversion of total carbon and the selectivity of methanol, which is due to the improved surface area, much more active sites, and the synergistically interaction between CuO and ZnO caused by the addition of Zr promoter.

In Situ Synthesis of Cu-SAPO-34/Cordierite with Ultrasonic Treatment and its Property of NOx Removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Juan Gao ◽  
Wei Ren Bao ◽  
Li Ping Chang ◽  
Jian Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Monolithic Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nox Conversion ◽  
Aging Property

A Cu-SAPO-34/cordierite monolithic catalyst was prepared by in-situ hydrothermal method. The effects of ultrasonic treatment were mainly investigated during the preparing process. The removal of NOX was evaluated using a fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the samples showing that the crystallinity of Cu-SAPO-34 molecular sieve have increased after ultrasonic treatment. The Cu-SAPO-34/cordierite prepared by ultrasonic treatment showed higher de-NOx activity and stronger anti-aging property. NOx conversion could reach more than 80% between 440 and 560°C over the fresh Cu-SAPO-34/cordierite catalyst with ultrasonic treatment (600 W, 2 h) and the highest conversion was 86%, however, the highest conversion was only 76% over the Cu-SAPO-34/cordierite catalyst without ultrasonic treatment. After aging (treated for 15 h at 720 °C in the presence of 200 ppm SO2 and 10% vapor), NOx conversion reached more than 45% between 400 and 520 °C over the catalyst with ultrasonic treatment and the highest conversion was 57%, however, the highest conversion was only 43% over the catalyst without ultrasonic treatment. The XRD and SEM results indicated that the structure and morphology of Cu-SAPO-34/cordierite monolithic catalyst kept in good condition after aging.

Research on the Catalytic Activity of MnyCezOx/TiO2 for Ethyl Acetate Oxidation

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Wei Su ◽  
Qi Bin Xia ◽  
Zhi Meng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Acetate Oxidation ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratios

Manganese and cerium based catalysts with different Mn/Ce molar ratios prepared by impregnation method for ethyl acetate oxidation. The activity tests of the samples were performed in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and ethyl acetate concentration on the catalytic activity of the catalyst were also investigated. The results showed that these catalysts had high activity for the catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate, of which the catalyst Mn0.9Ce0.1Ox/TiO2exhibitedthe bestactivity, and the temperature required for 90% conversion of ethyl acetate was at 216 °C. The catalyst Mn0.9Ce0.1Ox/TiO2still maintained high activity in the range of GHSV (16,500 to 48,500 h-1) and ethyl acetate concentration (4526 to 7092 mg/m3). In additional, experiments for measuring stability of Mn0.9Ce0.1Ox/TiO2were carried out, and experimental results showed that the good stability of Mn0.9Ce0.1Ox/TiO2was kept after it has run for 25 hours.

scholarly journals High Active Co/Mg1-xCex3+O Catalyst: Effects of Metal-Support Promoter Interactions on CO2 Reforming of CH4 Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Faris A. Jassim Al-Doghachi ◽  
Diyar M. A. Murad ◽  
Huda S. Al-Niaeem ◽  
Salam H. H. Al-Jaberi ◽  
Surahim Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co2 Reforming Of Ch4 ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Co/Mg1−XCe3+XO (x = 0, 0.03, 0.07, 0.15; 1 wt% cobalt each) catalysts for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction were prepared using the co-precipitation method with K2CO3 as precipitant. Characterization of the catalysts was achieved by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The role of several reactant and catalyst concentrations, and reaction temperatures (700–900 °C) on the catalytic performance of the DRM reaction was measured in a tubular fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure at various CH4/CO2 concentration ratios (1:1 to 2:1). Using X-ray diffraction, a surface area of 19.2 m2.g−1 was exhibited by the Co/Mg0.85Ce3+0.15O catalyst and MgO phase (average crystallite size of 61.4 nm) was detected on the surface of the catalyst. H2 temperature programmed reaction revealed a reduction of CoO particles to metallic Co0 phase. The catalytic stability of the Co/Mg0.85Ce3+0.15O catalyst was achieved for 200 h on-stream at 900 °C for the 1:1 CH4:CO2 ratio with an H2/CO ratio of 1.0 and a CH4, CO2 conversions of 75% and 86%, respectively. In the present study, the conversion of CH4 was improved (75%–84%) when conducting the experiment at a lower flow of oxygen (1.25%). Finally, the deposition of carbon on the spent catalysts was analyzed using TEM and Temperature programmed oxidation-mass spectroscopy (TPO-MS) following 200 h under an oxygen stream. Better anti-coking activity of the reduced catalyst was observed by both, TEM, and TPO-MS analysis. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA   License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals In-site Preparation and Characterization Catalytic- Composite Used for Plastic Waste Degradation to Fuel.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameen Abdelrahman ◽  
Asmaa S. Hamouda ◽  
A.H. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Composite Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Gasification Reaction

Abstract In order to get renewable energy from plastic waste, it should find a pathway or create a new composite that is thermally stable, non-toxic, environmentally inexpensive, and highly efficient. Thus, in our research, we work with composite materials that provide a hetero catalyst designed to crack Polyethylene high Density ( PEHD) , which is composed of Metals (Mn, Ag) in Nano scales , and Graphene impregnated inside the PEG matrix. In order to evaluate fabricated composite catalyst, to be applicable on conversion plastic polyethylene high density to gases yields and solid char carbon using pyrolysis and gasification reaction . the process were carried out inside the fixed bed reactor. Various characteristics have been conducted for final products (gases and black char), further spectroscopic analyses like Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV) , Cyclic voltammetry (CV) , Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD ), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were investigated for the new composite.

scholarly journals Kinetika Reaksi Hidrogenasi Ester Lemak Menjadi Alkohol Lemak Dengan Katalis Tembaga- Mangan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Melia Laniwati Gunawan ◽  
IGBN Makertihartha ◽  
Subagjo Subagjo
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Lauryl Alcohol ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
High Pressure Reaction ◽  
Copper Based Catalyst

Fatty alcohol (FAOH) can be produced by hydrogenating of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the copper-based catalyst. Copper-Chrom (Cu-Cr) is the best catalyst for high-pressure reaction condition, which is copper (Cu) as the main active component and chrom (Cr) as a promoter. Since Cr is feared to be toxic, one of the best replacement candidates is manganese (Mn). The research aims is to find the kinetic equation of hydrogenation FAME to FAOH using a Cu-Mn commercial catalyst.  FAME with methyl laurate and methyl myristate as the main compounds is used as feedstock. The main products are lauryl alcohol and myristyl alcohol. The reaction was carried out in an isothermal continuous fixed bed reactor under conditions of temperature 220 – 240 oC, pressure 50 bar, and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) 5-12.5 hr-1.  The kinetic equation is determined using the power law model. The FAME hydrogenation on copper - manganese catalyst is the half order reaction. The activation energy value is 86.32 kJ/mol and the Arrhenius constant value is 5.87x106  M0.5/s.

Denitrification Activities of Mo-V-Ti Catalysts Prepared by Dipping Method at Low Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 900-906
Author(s):  
Dong Zhu Ma ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Di Yin ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Rui Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Gas Space

Mo-V-Ti catalysts of low temperature denitrification were prepared by dipping method. In order to study the activity of selective catalytic reduction, the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed reactor. Industrial flue gas was simulated with cylinder gas. The experimental condition is NO: 500ppm, NH3:500ppm, O2:8%, SO2:100ppm, N2: equilibrium gas, space velocity: 36000h-1. Results indicate that the catalyst prepared by dipping method had good denitrification activity and sulfur resistance at low temperature. The optimum ratio of catalyst was 3V2O5-6MoO3-91TiO2 (wt %). The conversion efficiency of NO was 80~93%, and the conversion efficiency of SO2 was less than 1% at 180~260 °C.

Kinetics of Camphene Esterification to Isobornyl Acetate

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 990-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Hua Liu ◽  
Ding Ye Fang ◽  
Qin Qin Guan ◽  
A Jian Tao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Continuous Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

The conventional process for isobornyl acetate synthesis from camphene and acetic acid is a batch process. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize isobornyl acetate in continuous process in a fixed bed reactor. The continuous reaction conditions were studied. The experiment was put into practice under the following conditions: 35-45, camphene/acetic acid feed ratio(wt%) from 1 to 2 and space velocity from 0.6 to 1.8 h-1. A kinetic model was developed which describes the experimental data well. A pilot fixed reactor was simulated by using the kinetic model.

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