scholarly journals Fatty Acid Changes in Nearshore Phytoplankton under Anthropogenic Impact as a Biodiversity Risk Factor for the World’s Deepest Lake Baikal

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Alyona Alexandrovna Nikonova ◽  
Sergey Mikhailovich Shishlyannikov ◽  
Nadezhda Antonovna Volokitina ◽  
Yuri Pavlovich Galachyants ◽  
Yuri Sergeevich Bukin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity

In this study, we present results on fatty acid analysis of phytoplankton of Lake Baikal, the world’s deepest lake, which differs from other lakes by its oceanic features. Since we used a large-mesh net, the net sample phytoplankton were primarily represented by the large elongated diatom Synedra acus. subsp. radians (Kützing) Skabichevskij. The similar algae composition of net samples of spring season phytoplankton collected at different sites of the lake allows us to compare results of the fatty acid analysis of these samples. The phytoplankton diversity of the sedimentation samples was contrary represented by 32 algae species. There are clear changes in the fatty acid composition of net phytoplankton exposed to anthropogenic impacts of varying intensity. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phytoplankton collected from central stations (pelagic stations at a distance of ~10–30 km from the shoreline) without anthropogenic impact was higher by up to 15% than phytoplankton collected from nearshore stations (littoral stations at a distance of ~0.01–0.05 km from the shoreline) and offshore stations (pelagic stations at a distance of ~3 km from the shoreline). The interlaboratory precision of fatty acid determination of phytoplankton is estimated as ≤10%. We found high content of the lipid peroxidation marker (80–340 μg g−1 of dry weight) in phytoplankton from nearshore and offshore stations with intensive anthropogenic impact. In phytoplankton from central stations, we did not find any lipid peroxidation. Determination of unsaturated fatty acids, coupled with analysis of fatty acid peroxidation products, can be used to evaluate the level of anthropogenic impact in terms of ecological health and biodiversity conservation.

Relationship Between Vitamin E Requirement and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake in Man: a Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valk ◽  
Gerard Hornstra
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Epa And Dha

Vitamin E is the general term for all tocopherols and tocotrienols, of which alpha-tocopherol is the natural and biologically most active form. Although gamma-tocopherol makes a significant contribution to the vitamin E CONTENT in foods, it is less effective in animal and human tissues, where alpha-tocopherol is the most effective chain-breaking lipid-soluble antioxidant. The antioxidant function of vitamin E is critical for the prevention of oxidation of tissue PUFA. Animal experiments have shown that increasing the degree of dietary fatty acid unsaturation increases the peroxidizability of the lipids and reduces the time required to develop symptoms of vitamin E deficiency. From these experiments, relative amounts of vitamin E required to protect the various fatty acids from being peroxidized, could be estimated. Since systematic studies on the vitamin E requirement in relation to PUFA consumption have not been performed in man, recommendations for vitamin E intake are based on animal experiments and human food intake data. An intake of 0.6 mg alpha-tocopherol equivalents per gram linoleic acid is generally seen as adequate for human adults. The minimum vitamin E requirement at consumption of fatty acids with a higher degree of unsaturation can be calculated by a formula, which takes into account the peroxidizability of unsaturated fatty acids and is based on the results of animal experiments. There are, however, no clear data on the vitamin E requirement of humans consuming the more unsaturated fatty acids as for instance EPA (20:5, n-3) and DHA (22:6, n-3). Studies investigating the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation have shown an increase in lipid peroxidation, although amounts of vitamin E were present that are considered adequate in relation to the calculated oxidative potential of these fatty acids. Furthermore, a calculation of the vitamin E requirement, using recent nutritional intake data, shows that a reduction in total fat intake with a concomitant increase in PUFA consumption, including EPA and DHA, will result in an increased amount of vitamin E required. In addition, the methods used in previous studies investigating vitamin E requirement and PUFA consumption (for instance erythrocyte hemolysis), and the techniques used to assess lipid peroxidation (e.g. MDA analysis), may be unsuitable to establish a quantitative relation between vitamin E intake and consumption of highly unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, further studies are required to establish the vitamin E requirement when the intake of longer-chain, more-unsaturated fatty acids is increased. For this purpose it is necessary to use functional techniques based on the measurement of lipid peroxidation in vivo. Until these data are available, the widely used ratio of at least 0.6 mg alpha-TE/g PUFA is suggested. Higher levels may be necessary, however, for fats that are rich in fatty acids containing more than two double bonds.

scholarly journals Oil yield and fatty acid profile of seeds of three Salvia species. A comparative study

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouna Ben Farhat ◽  
Rym Chaouch -Hamada ◽  
Ahmed Landoulsi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Yield

Summary A comparative study of the oil yield and fatty acid composition of three Salvia species seeds collected in different locations has been conducted. Seed oil extraction was made using a Soxhlet-extractor and fatty acid analysis was undertaken using a GC-FID. The effect of the collecting site on oil yield, as well as the content of individual fatty acid and total fatty acid and fatty acid content was significant. Seed oil yield varied from 14.94 to 22.83% and the total fatty acids ranged from 67.36 to 82.49 mg/g DW. α-Linolenic (24.02-49.19%), linoleic (20.13-42.88%), oleic (12.97-17.81%) and palmitic (8.37-16.63%) acids were the most abundant fatty acids in all analyzed samples. α-Linolenic acid was found to be the major fatty acid in S. verbenaca and S. officinalis species, however, S. aegyptiaca was characterized by the prevalence of linoleic acid. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, which were represented in all samples in high amounts (78.16-89.34%), the polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) showed important levels ranging from 63.09 to 74.71%. Seeds of S. verbenaca were the richest in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Cerulenin inhibition of lipid synthesis and its reversal by exogenous fatty acids in Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Mahajan ◽  
G. K. Khuller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis Atcc 607 ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Cerulenin inhibited the lipid synthesis of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 over the range of 0.5–1.8 μg/mL with complete inhibition at 1.8 μg/mL, as monitored by [14C]glycerol incorporation into lipids. Exogenous fatty acids failed to restore the lipid synthesis at 1.8 μg/mL; however, the addition of palmitic acid to the growth medium partially restored the lipid synthesis when cerulenin concentration was decreased to 1.6 μg/mL. Fatty acid analysis of cerulenin plus palmitic acid supplemented cultures revealed that exogenously supplied fatty acid was incorporated into cellular phospholipids. Further investigations with 1.6 μg/mL of cerulenin and [14C]acetate and [32P]orthophosphoric acid showed that cerulenin inhibited the synthesis of saturated plus unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids. Pulse–chase studies with [14C]acetate revealed decreased synthesis and degradation of each of the phospholipid components.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN SOLANUM SURATTENSE BURM. F. BY USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Preet ◽  
Raghbir Chand Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solanum Surattense ◽  
Flame Ionization

  Objective: This study aims to document the fatty acid composition of Solanum surattense Burm. f. collected from hot desert of India, Rajasthan.Methods: The fatty acid analysis was performed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The operating conditions used to examine methyl esters of fatty acids are as follows. Fatty acids were converted into methyl esters (FAMEs) before GC analysis according to the standard methods by Ranganna (1986). Quantitative determinations of FAMEs were conducted using GC-FID and capillary column HP-88 Agilent Technologies.Results: The most abundant fatty was palmitic acid (13.2%), oleic acid (22.9%), and linoleic acid (11.9%). This plant is good source of important fatty acids including all the groups of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs and PUFAs) and can be used as a commercial source of fatty acids especially MUFAs and PUFAs.Conclusion: The plant is well studied for various pharmacological activities such as antiasthmatic, anticancer, cardiovascular, and hepatoprotective. Determination of fatty acid profiles in nutritional and clinical research with precision and fastness has become popular for human health and basic research.

Labelling Experiments on the Origin of Hexa-and Octa- decatrienoic Acids in Galactolipids from Leaves

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Siebertz ◽  
E. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

Abstract Young leaves from three plants which accumulate hexadecatrienoic acid rather specifically in the sn-2-position of monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGD) were incubated with radioactive CO2 or acetate to investigate the origin of this specificity. Labelled glycerolipids were extracted and analyzed for time-dependent changes of radioactivity in their fatty acids. The investigation of labelled MGD and digalactosyl diglyceride (DGD) included determination of radioactivity in hydrolysis products, separation of molecular species by argentation chromatography and analysis of the positional distribution of fatty acids. The results agree with previous observations on the accumulation of radioactive oleic acid in phosphatidyl choline (PC) and formally with the possibility of a PC-coupled desaturation to linoleic acid. They do not support the proposed function of PC as donator of polyenoic acids. Instead the radioactivity patterns may be interpreted as pointing to a relation between fatty acid desaturation and many if not all glycerolipids, although a different interpretation is also possible. Fatty acid patterns in lipids and their labelling indicate the existence of several pools for 1) MGD, from which only that without C16-unsaturated fatty acids is accessible for galactosylation to DGD ; 2) palmitic acid, from which one part is accessible to desaturation via C16:0 and C16:2 to C16:3 . Since these acids are found labelled in the sn-2-position of MGD, the specific positioning may be related to this separation of C16:0pools. Desaturation of C16:0 seems to be the major source of C16:3; 3) linolenic acid, from which those parts present in the sn-2-position of galactolipids or in PC are characterized by a strikingly slow labelling.

Determination of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Comparison of Gas-Liquid Chromatographic, Thiocyanogen Number, and Lead Salt-Ether Methods

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Denis E Lacroix ◽  
A R Prosser ◽  
A J Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Lead Salt ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Thiocyanogen Number ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract The weight per cent composition of the C16—Cis series of fatty acids in edible vegetable oils was determined by GLC, lead salt-ether, and thiocyanogen number methods. Total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid percentages obtained by GLC and the lead salt-ether methods were in poor agreement; the lead salt-ether unsaturated fatty acid percentages tended to be higher than the GLC values. The thiocyanogen number values for unsaturation were higher than GLC values lor every fat and oil analyzed except one. The polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages obtained by the thiocyanogen number method were not similar to the GLC values for about half of the fats and oils examined.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF ETHIOPIAN TARO

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melese Temesgen ◽  
Negussie Retta ◽  
Etalem Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Dominant Fatty Acid

The purpose of this study was designed to investigate the amino acid and fatty acid composition of taro leaf and corm samples. An UHPLC and GC-FID method was used for the determination of amino acids and fatty acid composition, respectively. Taro leaf was processed as a powder and pre-curd concentrates while the corm was pre-gelatinized with and without peel prior to the analysis. The amino acid and fatty acid composition (%) of the analyzed samples were quantified with their relative area comparing with respective standards. In the present study, the leaf and corm of taro contained the three essential amino acids leucine, lysine and methionine. For the study, the calculated amino acid values were low in corm samples, but amino acid composition was higher in the leaf samples. Concerning fatty acids, the dominant fatty acid in the leaf and corm was oleic acid (C18:1, n-9) which ranged from 140.697 ± 0.054 to 216.775 ± 0.043 and 101.932 ± 0.023 to 101.950 ± 0. 04 mg/100 g, respectively. In the study, the fatty acid compositions in leaf were higher than the corm. This means that taro leaf would be considered as a good source of essential amino acid and fatty acid than the corm. Finally, from the proportion (mg/100 g) of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids were the predominant fatty acids observed. The presence of high levels of unsaturated fatty acids in the entire investigation of our study taro is nutritionally rich.

CHYLOUS EFFUSIONS INTO THE INTESTINE IN A PATIENT WITH PROTEIN-LOSING GASTROENTEROPATHY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018
Author(s):  
G. B. A. Stoelinga ◽  
P. J. J. Van Munster ◽  
J. P. Slooff
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Considerable Loss

A girl had been affected with steatorrhea, lymphopenia, and hypoproteinemic edema from her fifth year of life; this edema was mainly localized in the legs. The hypoproteinemia was found to be due to abnormal loss of serum proteins into the intestine. A chylous fluid was occasionally obtained on duodenal intubation. Albumin levels were found to range from 20 to 500 mg/100 ml in this fluid; a considerable loss of protein into the intestine therefore might undoubtedly have resulted. Serum albumin was shown to pass fairly rapidly into the intestinal lumen. Fatty acid analysis of the chyle obtained, showed only the presence of high molecular saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. No low-molecular saturated fatty acids were found. It is suggested in the literature that the obstruction of chyliferous vessels may give rise to this clinical picture. In view of the localization of the edema and the family history, the present authors believe that there is a relationship between localized familial lymphedema (Milroy's disease) and protein-losing gastroenteropathy. The two conditions may be due to changes in the lymphatics, the localization of the changes determining which symptoms will appear. Treatment consisted in ordering a fat-free diet; this had a limited effect.

Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids and α-Tocopherol on Lipid Peroxidation in Subcellular Fractions of Muscle from Pigs fed Full-Fat Rapeseed

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
G.E. Onibi ◽  
J.R. Scaife ◽  
I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Membrane Level

Biological subcellular membranes (mitochondria and microsome) contain relatively large amounts of phospholipids which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and are readily susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Thus, it is believed that peroxidative changes in meat is initiated at the membrane level. Monahan et al. (1990) have shown that these membranes are particularly rich in α-tocopherol (AT), hence, the effects of increased dietary supply of α-tocopheryl acetate (ATA) and UFA (from full-fat rapeseed; FFR) on AT content, fatty acid profiles and peroxidative changes in porcine mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were studied.

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