oval cells
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalan Jing ◽  
Xiaodan Jiang ◽  
Yilin Chou ◽  
Shanshan Wei ◽  
Ran Hao ◽  
...  

Abstract To investigate association of a type of previously neglected oval cell that located in corneal vortex with dry eye disease (DED). Observational, prospective study of 168 patients with different degrees of DED. In vivo confocal microscopy was used to observe the corneal sub-basal nerves and Langerhans cells (LCs) in both corneal vortex and periphery. The bright and oval cells also be inspected in corneal vortex. An artificial intelligence (AI) technique generated the sub-basal nerve fibre parameters. Patients were divided into three different groups based on existence of inflammatory cells. Group 2 patients showed a significant increase in corneal peripheral nerve maximum length and corneal peripheral nerve average density. Patients in Group 3 had more LC numbers than others. A type of bright and oval cell was identified in the corneal vortex might be a type of immature LC and related to disease severity of DED.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehisa Suzuki ◽  
Ryota Nakahigashi ◽  
Masaatsu Adachi ◽  
Toshio Nishikawa ◽  
Hideki Abe

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a well-known neurotoxin that functions as a defense substance for toxic puffers. Several behavioral studies reported that TTX attracts toxic puffers belonging to the genus Takifugu. Although our electrophysiological and behavioral studies showed that a TTX analog, 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, acts as an olfactory chemoattractant for grass puffers (Takifugu alboplumbeus), it is unclear whether toxic puffers are commonly attracted to 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, and which types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) detect 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX. Here we investigated whether green spotted puffer (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis), a phylogenetically different species from the grass puffer, is attracted to 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX. Administration of 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX attracted green spotted puffers, but TTX or Vehicle did not. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of the olfactory epithelium exposed to 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX with an antibody against phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), a neuronal activity marker, labeled oval cells with apical invagination. Such oval cells were also labeled by the antibody against S100, a specific marker of crypt OSNs. Thus, our results suggest that 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX acts as an olfactory chemoattractant that is detected by crypt-type OSNs in the olfactory epithelium of green spotted puffers. Toxic puffers may use 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX as an olfactory chemoattractant involved in reproduction and parental care or as an olfactory cue of TTX- bearing organisms for effective toxification.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Galas ◽  
Carole Burel ◽  
Damien Schapman ◽  
Marc Ropitaux ◽  
Sophie Bernard ◽  
...  

The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine unicellular microalga that exists under three main morphotypes: oval, fusiform, and triradiate. Previous works have demonstrated that the oval morphotype of P. tricornutum Pt3 strain presents specific metabolic features. Here, we compared the cellular organization of the main morphotypes of the diatom P. tricornutum Pt3 strain through transmission electron and advanced light microscopies. The three morphotypes share similarities including spectral characteristics of the plastid, the location of the nucleus, the organization of mitochondria around the plastid as well as the existence of both a F-actin cortex, and an intracellular network of F-actin. In contrast, compared to fusiform and triradiate cells, oval cells spontaneously release proteins more rapidly. In addition, comparison of whole transcriptomes of oval versus fusiform or triradiate cells revealed numerous differential expression of positive and negative regulators belonging to the complex dynamic secretory machinery. This study highlights the specificities occurring within the oval morphotype underlying that the oval cells secrete proteins more rapidly.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Yohanes T. R. M. R. Simarmata ◽  
Desi M. A. Biru ◽  
Ni Made Restiati

Fibrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of fibroblast that commonly found in middle-aged or older dogs. Breed and sex do not influence the incidence of fibrosarcoma. A 10 years old grey female mix Pomeranian with a bodyweight of 9.2 kg showed a semi-solid mass, with meat-like consistency that felt integrated with the tissue underneath. A mass with a diameter of ± 5 cm had been found in the left thigh near the anus. The other two unusual masses with smaller size (diameter ±1 cm) were also found at lateral sinister near extremities cranial of the body. A serial of diagnostic check-ups, such as physical and clinical check-up, USG, haematology, cytology, and histopathology tests was run to examine the dog condition. The USG result showed hypoechoic masses with slightly anechoic appearances. The haematology analysis showed a decrease in lymphocyte, MCV and hematocrit, meanwhile the granulocyte, MCHC and MHC showed an increasing trend. The cytology test revealed a fat-like vacuolization. Furthermore, the histology examination indicating the presence of large hyperchromic oval cells. The histopathology examination also found fibroblast cells that suspected as tumour cells with mitotic and infiltrated oval cores. Thus, the dog was diagnosed with fibrosarcoma and the prognosis was dubious. The surgery was done to remove the tumour masses.


FEBS Open Bio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjun Ye ◽  
Xin Le ◽  
Jidong Liu ◽  
Tao Tang ◽  
Xing Bao ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weina Wang ◽  
Liyan Shui ◽  
Yanning Liu ◽  
Min Zheng

Previous studies have reported an important role of c-kit in embryogenesis and adulthood. Activation of the SCF/KIT signal transduction pathway is customarily linked to cell proliferation, migration and survival thus influence hematopoiesis, pigmentation, and spermatogenesis. The role of c-kit in the liver is controversial, it is however argued that it is a double-edged sword in liver regeneration and diseases. First, liver c-kit+ cells, including oval cells, bile epithelial cells, and part of hepatocytes, participate in liver tissue repair by regenerating target cells according to the type of liver injury. At the same time, c-kit+ mast cells, act as immature progenitors in circulation, playing a critical role in liver fibrosis. Furthermore, c-kit is also a proto-oncogene. Notably, c-kit overexpression regulates gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Various studies have explored on c-kit and hepatocellular carcinoma, nevertheless, the intricate roles of c-kit in the liver are largely understudied. Herein, we extensively summarize previous studies geared toward providing hints for future clinical and basic research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6069
Author(s):  
Lucie Čtveráčková ◽  
Daniel Jančula ◽  
Jan Raška ◽  
Pavel Babica ◽  
Iva Sovadinová

Humans are exposed to phthalates released from plastics, cosmetics, or food on a daily basis. Phthalates have low acute liver toxicity, but their chronic exposures could induce molecular and cellular effects linked to adverse health outcomes, such as liver tumor promotion or chronic liver diseases. The alternation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and MAPK-Erk1/2 pathways in liver progenitor or oval cells can disrupt liver tissue homeostatic mechanisms and affect the development and severity of these adverse outcomes. Our study with 20 different phthalates revealed their structurally dependent effects on liver GJIC and MAPK-Erk1/2 signaling in rat liver WB-F344 cell line with characteristics of liver oval cells. The phthalates with a medium-length side chain (3–6 C) were the most potent dysregulators of GJIC and activators of MAPK-Erk1/2. The effects occurred rapidly, suggesting the activation of non-genomic (non-transcriptional) mechanisms directly by the parental compounds. Short-chain phthalates (1–2 C) did not dysregulate GJIC even after longer exposures and did not activate MAPK-Erk1/2. Longer chain (≥7 C) phthalates, such as DEHP or DINP, moderately activated MAPK-Erk1/2, but inhibited GJIC only after prolonged exposures (>12 h), suggesting that GJIC dysregulation occurs via genomic mechanisms, or (bio)transformation. Overall, medium-chain phthalates rapidly affected the key tissue homeostatic mechanisms in the liver oval cell population via non-genomic pathways, which might contribute to the development of chronic liver toxicity and diseases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. S90
Author(s):  
Ines Barahona ◽  
Pilar Valdecantos ◽  
Patricia Rada ◽  
Alma Astudillo ◽  
Jesus Balsinde ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 3564-3572
Author(s):  
Qigang Sun ◽  
Changxiong Wu ◽  
Cexiong Fu ◽  
Pingping Chen ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
...  

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