King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s Sufficiency Economy Philosophy and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Higher-Education Students from the Armed Conflict Region of Thailand

This cross-sectional survey assessed the association between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and perceived self-sufficiency, reflecting the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP), conceived by H.M. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (King Rama IX). It was conducted among university students on one campus located within the area affected by the Southern Thailand insurgency and another campus located in a nearby province outside of the restive area. All self-administered questionnaires consisted of questions related to personal information, the Thai version of the PTSD checklist, and a questionnaire aimed at measuring the perceived self-sufficiency according to H.M. King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s SEP. The study found that most university students in the restive area affected by the Southern Thailand insurgency perceived to live sufficiently according to H.M. King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s SEP. The rate of perceived self-sufficiency was also higher than reported by the students from the other campus in a nearby province. Moreover, self-sufficiency exhibited a significant inverse association with PTSD symptoms.

Scoring Sufficiency Economy Philosophy through GRI Standards and Firm Risk: A Case Study of Thai Listed Companies

The purpose of this study is to evaluate sufficiency economy philosophy (SEP) performance through annual reports and voluntary sustainable development reports and examines the relationship between SEP performance and firm-specific risk of Thai listed companies from 2013 to 2018. Based on global reporting initiative (GRI) standards, the SEP performance was measured by aligning each GRI topic with each of the SEP elements to create an SEP scoring system. The scoring system was applied and tested by evaluating 34 firms for six years. The outcome scores were recorded in panel data structure and used to test two competing hypotheses of risk reduction and managerial opportunism. The regression results supported the risk reduction hypothesis and thus practicing SEP reduced firm-specific risk. Since our sample was limited to 34 firms, a two-stage least squares instrumental variable (2SLS-IV) analysis was performed to estimate the causal relationship between SEP performance and firm-specific risk. The result remained negatively and significantly correlated, indicating that SEP practice stimulated business sustainability. The finding suggested that the SEP scoring system was able to capture SEP performance and practicing SEP appeared to reduce firm-specific risk, which was consistent with the risk reduction hypothesis of the stakeholder theory.

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for Sustainable Zero Plastic Waste

Plastic wastes has become a global problem, and Thailand produces about two million tonnes of plastic waste per year, around 12% of total waste. The purpose of this article is to examine the causes of plastic waste in Thailand, to study the goals of Thailand’s Roadmap on Plastic Waste Management 2018-2030 and Master Plan on Solid Waste Management 2016-2021, to examine the SDGs Goal 12 regarding waste reduction and sustainable consumption and production, and to investigate the principles of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP). Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. Plastics waste and pollutions and inappropriate waste management have caused a lot of problems to people and communities and they cause contamination and residual cumulative impacts on the environment. The result showed that single-use plastics was a major factor of increasing plastic waste, especially during and after COVID-19, and inappropriate waste management has accounted for negative impacts on public well-being, communities, and environment. Sufficiency Economy Philosophy, when being applied to waste management, could play an important role in changing consumer’s behavior towards waste reduction because it influenced individuals to be aware of the impacts that their actions and consumptions may have on the environment, and subsequently their livelihoods. Thus, SEP will promote the ban of single-use plastic under the Roadmap, strengthen the waste management of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) under the Master Plan, and contribute to sustainable consumption and production under SDG Goal 12.

Mindfulness and Sufficiency Economy: Framework for Waste Management Reform

Due to increase in population, economic expansion, growth and expansion of the city, more waste problems are increasing and becoming a global problem that every country encounters. Only waste management policies from government and waste management campaigns from private sectors cannot keep up with the excessive waste amount unless all people in societies become aware that their cooperation in waste reduction can make a great contribution. This paper provides an overview of waste management in Thailand, how private sectors take part in waste management, and how consumers in communities can contribute in waste reduction. It also suggests the framework of mindfulness and Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for waste management reform. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. The results showed that consumers can be a big producer of waste due to their overconsumption behavior, so they can take the major role in waste reduction with moderate consumption. Mindfulness can conduct consumers to stay awake and aware of waste problems and have a sense of caring towards other people, their communities and environment. Sufficiency Economy philosophy can work as a guideline for consumers to make ethical choice with moderation, reasonableness, and prudence. With the framework of mindfulness and sufficiency economy philosophy, waste management reform can be conducted at the beginning stage for waste reduction before it is generated. With the care of environment and their communities, consumers will be willing to work together with government and private sectors in following 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concept for sustainability.

The development of a large Schools Management According the King’s Philosophy Model

This research aims to 1) study the elements of the development of a large school management model in accordance with the king's science, 2) develop a large school management model based on the monarchy, and 3) assess the suitability and appropriateness of the monarchy. The possibility of developing a large school management model according to the king's science By using a mixed method, a research was carried out in 4 steps: 1) study the elements of the development of a large school management model; 2) to develop a large school management model using the royal science Using the Delphi Technique and Focus Group Discussion, 3) analyzed the key elements through factor analysis and 4) assessing the feasibility and feasibility of the management model development. Manage a large school according to the king's science. From 30 school administrators, the statistics used for data analysis were percentage, range, quartile, mean, standard deviation, and component analysis. The research results were found as follows: 1) development of a large school management model according to the king's science is the management of the work with the middle line which consists of the philosophy of sufficiency economy and the principle of work of the king to achieve sustainable school development. 2) Develop a large school management model according to the king's science. There are 5 main components as follows: Sufficiency Economy Philosophy Understanding In terms of accessibility, development, and of the King's work principles.3) The degree of suitability and feasibility of the development of a large school management model according to the monarchy. Overall and each item are very good.

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for Sustainable Food

Ending hunger, achieving food security, and promoting sustainable agriculture are the goals to be achieved by 2030 according to Sustainable Development Agenda. It aims to achieve the goals through increasing the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers which include indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers. The purpose of this article is to study causes of global hunger and SDGs Goal 2 for the guidelines of ending hunger and to suggest an aligning principle of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for solutions to hunger. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. It is found that Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP), consistent with the SDG2 goal, has produced many best practices for the past two decades. It suggests the model of small farm management under “New Theory” based on Sufficiency Thinking. It provides guidelines for farmers to divide their plots into four sections under the 30:30:30:10 formula for integrated farming. This basic model can be modified to suit different geographical conditions and farm sizes, but it requires farmers to live their life with moderation, respect for, recognition of local knowledge and local management of natural resources. It can be a means to improve the quality of life in rural areas, ensure enough food for present and future generations, and generate sufficient income for farmers. Apart from gaining year-round food security from integrated farming, farmers eventually become debt-free and end hunger.

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy Towards Poverty Eradication in Thailand

As of 2015, about 736 million people around the world still lived on poverty. Many of them lack of food, clean drinking water and sanitation. Due to economies shrink around the world and the coronavirus pandemic, millions of Thai people have been left in poverty. The purpose of this article is to examine the causes of increasing global poverty and the rising poverty in Thailand, to study the SDGs Goal 1 and its targets in eradicating poverty around the world, to explore the principles of Sufficiency Economy for poverty eradication and sustainable development in Thailand. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. The problems of economy shrink caused interruption in household incomes and consumption growth, and the coronavirus spread made unemployment rate and household debt rise which exacerbated the poverty situation. Results showed that Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) is an approach for sustainable development which espouses moderation, reasonableness and prudence as development framework based on knowledge and virtue. SEP principles are aligned with the principles and objectives of SDGs, seeking to eradicate poverty and reduce inequality as a means to achieve sustainable development. Applications of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy have proved for poverty eradication and food security which is able to lead to sustainable economic growth and sustainable consumption and production. The philosophy greatly attaches to human development at all levels and emphasizes to strengthen community’s capacity to ensure a balanced way of life and resilience.

Roles of Buddhist Monks in Moral Development following Sufficiency Economy Philosophy

The purpose of this article was to propose a model of moral and ethical development according to the philosophy of sufficiency economy. Documentary study was used by studying the role of Buddhist monks and analyzing the consistency of morality, ethics, and philosophy of sufficiency economy consisted of modesty, rationality, and immunity that based on the conditions of knowledge and morality. Results indicated that the guidelines for moral development began with the development of education in order to provide people with knowledge with various abilities, and also apply the aforementioned knowledge to occupations building well-being for yourself and your family. For moral and ethical development, it is very important aspect for social development. Considering with the current situation in Thai society, it can be seen that the chaos of Thai society today is mainly due to the lack of moral and ethical lifestyle. Therefore, moral and ethical development must know how to improve oneself to be people with sufficient knowledge, and be a person who spends sufficiently on education, a person with good physical health and mental health, and be a learner who know how to solve problems, and know how to think reasonably. There are five aspects in a model of moral and ethical development consisted of education, Dhamma propagation, social welfare, inherit culture, promote and preserve environment. There are two important principles for the maximum benefit which are virtues for a good household life, and virtues conducive to growth in wisdom.

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy: An Enabler for Zero Waste City

Waste has become a critical problem in cities around the world. Each year, the world generates 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste, with at least 33 percent of that not managed in an environmentally safe manner. The currently consumption-driven lifestyle also produces a huge volume of waste each day threatening the world sustainability. Moreover, the ongoing depletion of natural finite resources is also leading the globe to an uncertain future. The purpose of this article is to study the zero-waste concept and the characteristics of zero waste city, to study the principles of sufficiency economy philosophy, and to review the role of sufficiency economy in waste reduction and how it contributes to zero waste city. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. The result showed that ineffective waste management including landfill and incineration can be one major cause of waste. Also, overconsumption can be another cause that exacerbates the current waste situation. A zero-waste strategy and the concept of zero waste city can contribute to waste prevention with its proactive-reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R)-principle and to the reduction of wastes sent to landfills and incinerators. Sufficiency Economy Philosophy can also contribute to waste reduction at the consumer side. With the zero-waste strategy and sufficiency economy philosophy, we can achieve waste and pollution reduction and preserve our environment, as well as create sustainability for the future generations.