Teatralność procesu sądowego: kilka uwag o profesjonalizmie

The aim of the paper is to answer the question: what image of a professional role does the vision of a court trial as a theatre contain? In carrying out such a task, first of all, I will present the reasons that justify comparing the theatrical practice to a court hearing. When carrying out this procedure, I will pay attention to the concept of role, the ritualization of activities, the architecture of space, and functions of the role performers’ clothing. From these findings, a dramatical vision of a court trial emerges, modelled on a theatrical performance. It assumes that the performing of a role by the actor and the judge or the lawyer is largely defined by factors external to the interpreter. Such an approach to the exercise of the profession can be related to the dramatic vision of the role in Erving Goffman’s theatrical metaphor. In this perspective, it is assumed that exercising a role is a performance that can lead to two images of the professional ethos. They are characterized by an attitude of identification with the role and an instrumental distance to the profession. I intend to question both of these views. By carrying out this task, I will show that presenting a court trial as a theater does not have to assume the image of a judge, a lawyer whose task is to develop the ability to adapt to the rules of the profession and faithfully reproduce them in the cases under consideration. In presenting this position, I use the findings of theatrologist Jerzy Grotowski and the anthropological research of Victor Turner, focusing on the idea of liminality.

Gender peculiarities of professional identity in medical dynasties

Despite the fact that female employees prevail in modern healthcare system, medicine retains gender differentiation in terms of distribution of authority, career trajectories, pay grade, etc. Such gender bias impedes balanced professional development of the medical personnel, affects their work motivation, and commitment to the profession. Medical dynasties are an important link in reproduction of human capital and preservation of the professional ethos of the medical practice. Therefore, this article explores gender peculiarities of professional identity of the hereditary physicians. The object of this research is the dynasties that have developed in medical environment with at least three generations of medical personnel. The empirical base for studying medical dynasties consists of 20 autobiographical narrative interviews (11 women and 9 men). Territorial localization of the informants is Volgodonsk, Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, Saratov, Irkutsk, and Ufa. Interviews with the representatives of professional dynasties demonstrate that the process of professional identification of male physician is characterized by the strategy of self-fulfillment and self-assertiveness through work; while female physicians manifest coping strategies (if pertains to surgery particularly), as well as adaptation strategy. At the same time, namely women often reproduce conservative gender stereotypes in the professional sphere.

Organisational Justice and Political Agency among Nurses in Public Healthcare Organisations: A Qualitative Study Protocol

Nurses are rarely treated as equals in the social, professional, clinical, and administrative life of healthcare organisations. The primary objective of this study is to explore nurses’ perceptions of organisational justice in public healthcare institutions in Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain, and to analyse the ways in which they exercise their political agency to challenge the institutional order when it fails to reflect their professional ethos. An ethnomethodological approach using critical discourse analysis will be employed. The main participants will be nurses occupying different roles in healthcare organisations, who will be considered central respondents, and physicians and managers, who will be considered peripheral respondents. Data generation techniques include semi-structured interviews, a sociodemographic questionnaire, and the researcher’s field diary. This is one of the first studies to address organisational justice in healthcare organisations from a macrostructural perspective and to explore nurses’ political agency. The results of this study have the potential to advance knowledge and to ensure that healthcare organisations are fairer for nurses, and, by extension, for the patients in their care.

What Is a Poet?

This chapter considers what it meant to call someone a poet in sixteenth-century Portugal. Drawing on word historical and sociological methods, the chapter focuses on the word poeta (poet) as it appears in the poetry of the period. Many writers sought to articulate the specialness of the poeta and their art, making distinctions between poetas and mere versifiers or those who were dismissed as writing only frivolous or slanderous verse. In a bid to legitimize a particular kind of poetry as valuable, writers compared the work of poets with that of other professionals such as lawyers, doctors, and builders. These moments of self-justification are taken here as versions of what has become known in sociology as ‘professional legitimization talk’. Horace emerges as an important figure in these discussions for modelling in his Ars poetica a kind of professional ethos that enables writers to regulate who belonged among the ranks of poetas and who did not. Horatian guidelines become in the period less extracts of an instruction manual and more of an oath of professional conduct.

Planting Catholicism in America

The third chapter explores how Catholic seminaries formed an American priesthood equipped to engage American religious pluralism. There were three models of formation. The first was the diocesan seminary founded by Sulpicians, a French order dedicated to the education of diocesan priests, founded by Fr. Jean Jacques Olier. Bishop John Caroll brought them to Baltimore to build St. Mary’s Seminary in 1791, where they combined the scholastic study of theology with a spirituality of interiorizing the mystical states of Christ’s life, as developed by Fr. Pierre Berulle. Priests became “little Christs” of self-sacrifice and formed an “ecclesiastical spirit” that prepared them as leaders of Catholic culture. The second model was that of religious orders like the Benedictines. Fr. Bonifacio Wimmer came from Bavaria to begin St. Vincent’s seminary in Pennsylvania in 1846. He established a regimen of private devotion, study, work, and the liturgy of the hours that focused on lectio divina of the Psalms. The oral/aural engagement with Scripture accompanied a liberal arts rather than scholastic approach to sacred texts. The third kind of Catholic seminary was the modern, professional seminary pioneered by “Americanists” like Bishop John Ireland. He sought a “civic minded Catholicism” that demonstrated the legitimacy and public value of the faith. Following the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore, Ireland founded a minor seminary (1885), then a major seminary which included historical-critical studies, a science lab, modern periodicals, and a professional ethos.

The U.S. military culture system of values mirrored by professional lingo

This research unveils the nature of relations among such phenomena as "ethnos", "culture" and "language". Vested with the function of axiological retranslation, mottoes of the U.S. Armed Forces services and branches make essential part of the military lingo as a semi-autonomous existential form of the national language. Clichéd formulas of the professional sublanguage official register explicitly reflect collective mindset, dominant values, behavioral patterns, and conceptosphere of America’s society military cluster. The authors arrive at the conclusion that military mottoes are typical of vocativity, brevity, metaphoricity, widespread use of Latinisms, stereotypogenicity, and appeal for professional ethos.