scholarly journals Study of triclabendazole effects on Fasciola hepatica’s life-supporting organs, spines and suckers responsible for stable position of the parasite in the host

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
O. I. Bibik ◽  
I. A. Arkhipov
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Adhesive Contact ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stable Position

The purpose of the research is to study triclabendazole effects on the Fasciola’s life-supporting organs, spines and suckers which are responsible for stable position of the parasite in the host.Materials and methods. The study material was trematodes Fasciola hepatica (Linneus 1758, family Fasciolidae Railliet 1895), which were collected after the action of triclabendazole (fasinex) (chemically 5-chloro-6-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methylthiobenzimidazole)on the 7th day after the drug administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg for the Active Substance in the treatment of ovine fasciolosis. F. hepatica from untreated animals served as control. Mature F. hepatica collected after treatment with triclabendazole, and marita from the control groups were dehydrated in ascending alcohol series for 1–2 days after fixation; then passed through a mixture of chloroform and absolute alcohol (in a ratio of 1:1), and through pure chloroform in two portions for 10–15 minutes. The material was then soaked in a mushy mixture of chloroform and paraffin in a thermostat at 37 °C for 12–18 hours, and in paraffin in a thermostat at 56 °C for 30–45 minutes; and then embedded in paraffin with added wax. The resulting paraffin blocks were broken down into serial sections of 5–7 μm thick, then stained and examined under a light microscope.Results and discussion. Pathomicromorphological analysis of F. hepatica’s spines and suckers, organs that come into adhesive contact with the host organism revealed destructive changes in them after the action of triclabendazole. After the action of triclabendazole on fascioles, the spines look enlarged and swollen, and have a more rounded shape and some changes in color, absorbing eosin in greater concentration. The muscle fibers of the fascioles’ oral and abdominal suckers also look swollen after the action of triclabendazole. Although the musculature of the F. hepatica’s pharynx retained its structure, it has changes. It thickened sharply, which is clearly visible on the transverse and longitudinal sections of the helminths; neurosecretory cells are destroyed, and voids are observed in their place.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Naranbhai ◽  
Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran ◽  
Christhian Berrios Mairena ◽  
Julia Cara Thierauf ◽  
Christina Catherine Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Neutralization Titer ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Effectiveness Studies ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Repeat Sampling

Background: Understanding variation in immunogenicity may help rationalize use of existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Methods: We compared immune responses in ambulatory adults vaccinated with mRNA-1273 , BNT-162b2 or Ad26.COV2.S in Massachusetts, USA between February and May 2021. Control groups were pre-pandemic controls (n=1220) and individuals without (n=112) or with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=130) sampled in mid-2020. We measured total anti-spike IgG/M/A antibodies (Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-COV-2 S assay), anti-receptor-binding-domain (RBD) antibodies; neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus; and T-cell responses. Findings In individuals with prior infection, all vaccines were associated with higher antibody concentrations and neutralization than those in convalescent individuals, even after a single dose. In individuals without prior infection, a single dose of either mRNA vaccine yielded comparable concentrations and neutralization to convalescent unvaccinated individuals, and Ad26.COV2.S yielded lower antibody concentrations and neutralization titers. The second dose of either mRNA vaccine boosted responses. At a median of 24 days after vaccination, two of 21 (9.5%) Ad26.COV2.S recipients had a neutralization titer higher than pre-pandemic controls; repeat sampling at a median 66 days after vaccination found most (11/15 (73%) remained negative. Antibody concentrations and neutralization titers increased similarly after the first dose of either vaccine, and even further in recipients of a second dose of vaccine. T-cell responses were higher in mRNA1273 and BNT162b2 than Ad26.COV2.S recipients. Interpretation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines vary significantly in immunogenicity in individuals without prior infection. If confirmed in effectiveness studies, public health policy may need to be tailored to each vaccine, or even individual responses.

1997 William J. Stickel Silver Award. The anti-inflammatory action of locally injected ketorolac

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Brook ◽  
A Boike ◽  
RL Zema ◽  
M Weaver ◽  
P Postak
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Control ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Locally injected steroids are used to treat inflammatory conditions, in spite of the complications associated with their use. Ketorolac tromethamine, an injectable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has not previously been evaluated for treatment of musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions via local administration. Eighty Achilles tendons of rabbits were traumatized in a controlled fashion. At the time of trauma, a single dose of ketorolac (1, 3, or 5 mg/kg) or normal saline was administered peritendinously. Three days later, the tendons were harvested and examined histologically to evaluate the degree of inflammation present in the tissue. No statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups. The authors conclude that locally injected ketorolac does not prevent the onset of an inflammatory process.

Cell-mediated immune response in calves to single-dose, trickle, and challenge infections with Fasciola hepatica

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Bossaert ◽  
Eric Jacquinet ◽  
Jimmy Saunders ◽  
Fredéric Farnir ◽  
Bertrand Losson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response

scholarly journals Sublingual Misoprostol Versus Manual Vacuum Aspiration for Treatment of Incomplete Abortion in Nigeria: A Randomized Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Chinedu Ani ◽  
Enebe J. Tochukwu ◽  
Cyril Chukwudi Dim ◽  
Ngozi Regina Dim ◽  
Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Satisfaction ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Sublingual Misoprostol ◽  
Manual Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Misoprostol Group ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of single-dose sublingual misoprostol to manual vacuum aspiration in the treatment of incomplete spontaneous abortion in Enugu, Nigeria.Design: Multi-centre randomized controlled trialSetting: A teaching hospital, the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu and a private specialist hospital, Julius Memorial Specialist Hospital Enugu, Nigeria were used for the studyParticipants: In all, 212 consecutive consenting women with sonologically confirmed, first-trimester incomplete spontaneous abortion at the gynaecological emergency departments of the study centers were recruited but, 203 women completed the study and their results analysed.Intervention: Single-dose of sublingual misoprostol 400mcg with the participant followed-up at the gynecology clinic one week after with an ultrasound scan for the completeness of the uterine evacuation. Main outcomes measures: The primary outcome measure was the incidence of complete uterine evacuation (complete abortion) after one week of treatment while the secondary outcome measures included incidence, types, and tolerability of treatment side effects as well as participants’ satisfaction with the treatment receivedResults: Two hundred and three eligible women were randomised into the intervention group (n = 102) that received single-dose sublingual misoprostol 400mcg and the control group (n = 101) that received manual vacuum aspiration. Incidence of complete abortion was 86.3% for the misoprostol group and 100.0% for the control group, RR = 0.86, (CI 95%: 0.80 - 0.93), p <0.001. The most common side effect was abdominal pain with an incidence of 27.5% versus 48.55 for the misoprostol and control groups respectively (p = 0.002). Most participants in each group (81.1% versus 77.6% for the misoprostol and control groups respectively) considered the side effects as tolerable. The mean visual analogue scale score for maternal satisfaction was higher in the misoprostol group (86.7 ± 14.11) than the control group (81.36 ± 11.10), p < 0.001. Conclusions: The treatment of incomplete spontaneous abortion with single-dose sublingual misoprostol 400mcg produced a high rate of complete abortion among women in Enugu, Nigeria. Despite having a lower complete abortion rate, maternal satisfaction was higher when compared with women that had manual vacuum aspiration of the uterus. Trial registration: Trial registration number - PACTR202009857889210, date of registration - 23 September 2020. Retrospectively registered

Humoral immune response in calves to single-dose, trickle and challenge infections with Fasciola hepatica

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Bossaert ◽  
Fredéric Farnir ◽  
Thierry Leclipteux ◽  
Michel Protz ◽  
Jean-François Lonneux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals The Preemptive Effect of Pregabalin Single Dose on Opioid Consumption after surgery of Mandible Fracture: The Double-Blinded Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawood Aghamohammadi ◽  
Haleh Farzin ◽  
Solmaz Fakhari ◽  
Mehdi Khanbabyi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Preemptive Therapy ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fracture Surgery

Background: Currently, the administration of non-opioid analgesics as a preemptive treatment has been approved by the surgeons of jaw due to lack of side effects of opioids in jaw surgery. However, which medicine as a pre-medication has a good result, is a controversy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preemptive therapy by pre-gabalin single dose on opioid consumption rate after surgery on mandibular fractures. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in Tabriz Imam Hospital in 2012 on 60 patients who were undergoing mandibular fracture surgery. Patients were classified as intervention and control groups and the intervention group consumed one pregabalin capsule 300 milligrams with 50 ml of water half an hour before surgery. The amount of opioid use in the first eight hours after surgery was measured and recorded in both groups. Results: Opioid use in both groups was decreased with time- spending. There was also a significant relationship between opioid use in both intervention and control groups (P <0.001). Conclusion: Pregabalin premedication could have analgesic effects in lower jaw fracture surgery and decrease opioid use after surgery.

The occurrence of pregnancy in Merino ewes teased with testosterone- treated wethers before the start of joining

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
M. A. Johns ◽  
K. P. Croker ◽  
F. M. Sunderman ◽  
K. Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Testosterone Enanthate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pregnancy Status

Five experiments were conducted to develop simple strategies for using testosterone-treated wethers to increase the reproductive efficiency of ewe flocks to which entire rams were joined before the peak of the breeding season. In experiments 1–4, a number of strategies involving fewer injections, single injections of more testosterone with and without wethers left in the flocks during joining, were compared with the standard technique used for preparing male behaviour in wethers (3 injections of 150 mg testosterone enanthate at 7-day intervals starting 28 days before the introduction of entire rams). In experiment 5, the single dose strategy, either subcutaneous or intramuscular, was investigated. The treated wethers were joined with ewe flocks that had been isolated from rams for at least 28 days, 14 days before the entire rams were joined with the ewes for 6 or 8 weeks. The weeks of conception in all groups were estimated using real-time ultrasound imaging. This allowed patterns of conception in the various treatment groups to be compared. These observations also provided the information for determining pregnancy status and the percentages of fetuses present. In 4 of the experiments, the teased groups had a significantly more concentrated pattern of conception than did the unteased control groups. The results of this study have shown that the reproductive efficiency of ewe flocks is improved by having a more concentrated lambing following the introduction of wethers treated with a subcutaneous injection of 375 mg testosterone enanthate before the entire rams are joined with them, even when the wethers are left in the flock during the joining period. As a result, the length of the joining period can be reduced to 5–6 weeks compared with the 8 weeks usually used for unteased flocks.

175 Use of equine chorionic gonadotrophin in a minimum-handling protocol for oocyte collection in bison

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
M. Zwiefelhofer ◽  
E. Zwiefelhofer ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
V. Wallace ◽  
G. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
And Control

Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) and plains bison (Bison bison bison) are threatened subspecies native to North America. The creation of a germplasm biobank will connect valuable and inaccessible genetics from geographically distant herds in a biosecure manner. Protocols that are feasible in field conditions are required for cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) collection for the purpose of invitro embryo production (IVP). The efficacy of a single dose of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ECG) was tested in an effort to develop a minimum-handling ovarian superstimulation protocol for bison. The experimental design enabled comparison between ECG-treated and non-superstimulated bison. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle ablation was performed in mature wood bison (n=24) during May (anovulatory season) to induce follicular wave emergence the following day. Immediately after ablation, the bison were assigned to one of three groups (n=8 per group) and treated intramuscularly with 5000IU of ECG (Folligon, Merck), 2500IU of ECG, or saline (control). Transvaginal COC collection was performed 5 days later. Follicular and COC data were recorded, and only grade 1 and 2 COC were used for IVP. The COC were matured invitro for 25-28h at 38.8°C, fertilised (2×106 spermmL−1), and co-incubated at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2 for 18h. Presumptive zygotes were denuded and cultured at 38.8°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. Nominal data were compared among groups using analysis of variance, and proportional data were compared using GLIMMIX. The total number of follicles ≥3mm on the day of COC collection was greater in the 5000-IU ECG group than in the 2500-IU ECG and control groups (37.5±6.9, 17.5±2.0, and 16.9±2.0, respectively; P&lt;0.005). The number of follicles 5-8mm was also greater in the 5000-IU ECG group than in the 2500-IU ECG and control groups (12.5±2.1, 7.6±1.0, and 5.8±0.9, respectively; P&lt;0.01), as was the number of follicles &gt;8mm (21.1±5.4, 3.3±1.2, and 0.9±0.2, respectively; P&lt;0.0005). The proportion of grade 1 and 2 COC/total COC recovered was greater in the 5000-IU ECG group than in the 2500-IU ECG and control groups (84/124 (68%), 39/76 (51%), and 37/75 (49%), respectively; P&lt;0.05). The proportion of cleaved zygotes/number of COC matured, assessed at 56h after fertilisation, was similar among the 5000-IU ECG, 2500-IU ECG, and control groups (42/84 (50%), 27/39 (69%), and 21/37 (57%), respectively; P=0.20). The proportion of embryos of IETS grades 1-3/number of COC matured was also similar among the 5000-IU ECG, 2500-IU ECG, and control groups (15/84 (17.9%), 8/39 (20.5%), and 7/37 (18.9%), respectively; P=0.94), but the bison in the 5000-IU ECG group produced twice as many embryos than those in the other groups. In summary, a single dose of 5000IU of ECG increased the number and size of follicles available for COC collection, more than doubled the number of COC collected for IVP, and resulted in the production of more embryos than the other groups. A single dose of 5000IU of ECG is effective in a minimum-handling protocol for ovarian superstimulation and IVP in bison. This research was supported by NSERC.

scholarly journals Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia pubiflora in sheep whith non-toxic dosis of the plant and ruminal content

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marciel Becker ◽  
Faber Monteiro Carneiro ◽  
Leonardo Pintar de Oliveira ◽  
Mayara Inácio Vincenzi da Silva ◽  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

ABSTRACT: Amorimiapubiflora (Malpighiaceae), which contains sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA) is the main cause of "sudden death" in cattle in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. This research investigated the induction of resistance to the poisoning in sheep by the continuous administration of non-toxic doses of the plant and also the possibility to transfer this resistance to other sheep by the transfaunation of ruminal fluid. For this a group of four sheep (G1) received daily doses of 0.5g kg-1 for 20 days and after an interval of 15 days were challenged with three daily doses of 1g kg-1 for 3 days. Also the transfer of resistance to A. pubiflora poisoning was evaluated by transfaunation of rumen fluid (100ml for 10 days) from G1 sheep to five sheep (G2), followed by challenge with the dose of 1g kg-1 for 3 days (G2D2) and after a three-day interval they received a single dose of 3g kg-1 (G2D3). The degree of resistance was evaluated by monitoring the onset of clinical signs, heart rate, and outcome of the poisoning compared with the control groups, which were challenged with three daily doses of 1g kg1 (G3) and with a single dose of 3g kg-1 (G4). Clinical parameters evaluated in Groups G1 and G2 were significantly less pronounced than those observed in G3 and G4 (control) (P<0.05). Sheep in G4 (control) died after receiving a single dose of 3g kg-1, while those in G2 (transfaunated) survived. These findings demonstrated that consumption of non-toxic doses of A. pubiflora induced resistance in sheep and that this resistance can be transferred by transfaunation. New experiments are needed to determine the most efficient ways to induce resistance and to use this technique in the field to prevent the poisoning.

scholarly journals 671. Impact of Dose-Administration Strategies of the Antistaphylococcal Lysin Exebacase, (CF-301), in Addition to Daptomycin (DAP) in an Experimental Infective Endocarditis (IE) Model due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S307-S307
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Wessam Abdelhady ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Raymond Schuch ◽  
Cara Cassino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Dosing Regimens

Abstract Background MRSA infections, especially involving the endovascular system (e.g., IE), are associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality rates. The use of bacteriophage-derived lysin, which acts as direct lytic agents, represents a novel adjunctive approach against virulent Gram-positive bacteria, such as MRSA. The current study examined the efficacy of DAP alone or DAP plus CF-301administered on a single day using various dosing regimens, in a rabbit model of MRSA IE. Methods Aortic valve IE due to MRSA strain MW2 was induced by the IV administration of ~1 × 105–2 × 105 cfu in aortic-catheterized rabbits. At 24-hour post-infection, animals were randomized into one of the 13 groups: (1) vehicle controls given once daily (QD); 2–13) DAP alone (at 4 mg/kg iv QD × 4d; this dose yields significant but modest clearance of MRSA in experimental IE); DAP + CF-301 (given as an IV dose on the first day of DAP treatment only by 5–10 min slow bolus at (mg/kg): 0.70 QD, 0.35 Q12h, 0.23 Q8h, 0.35 QD, 0.175 Q12h, 0.117 Q8h, 0.09 QD, 0.045 Q12h, 0.03 Q8h, 0.06 QD, 0.03 Q12h or 0.03 QD. At 24 hours after the last DAP dose, three target organs were quantitatively cultured (cardiac vegetations; kidneys and spleen). Data for each organ were calculated as mean log10 cfu/g of tissue (±SD). Results Treatment with DAP alone caused ~2–3 log10 cfu/g reduction in MRSA densities in all three target tissues vs. vehicle controls. All CF-301 doses given in addition to DAP, even at the lowest CF-301 dose (0.03 mg/kg), significantly reduced MRSA densities further in all target tissues vs. DAP alone (~3 log10 cfu/g) and vehicle control groups (~6 log10 cfu/g). In general, DAP plus CF-301 given as a single dose trended toward better microbiologic efficacy than CF-301 given at Q12h or Q8h, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion These results demonstrate that CF-301, given at multiple dose strategies and at different dose regimens, in addition to sublethal DAP, had significant efficacy in further decreasing MRSA densities in relevant target tissues in the IE model (vs. DAP alone and untreated controls). DAP plus a single dose of CF-301 trended to better efficacy than when it was administered in fractionated dose-strategies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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