Evaluation of changes in alcohol consumption: evidence from Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kossova ◽  
Elena Kossova ◽  
Arina Sitnikova ◽  
Maria Sheluntcova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heckman Model ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
The Difference

PurposeThe paper investigates changes in consumption of pure alcohol, vodka, beer, wine and fortified wine by neighboring age classes of Russians.Design/methodology/approachData source is the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – HSE from 2000 to 2017. Age groups are those born in 1934 and older, in 1935–1944 and further with a 10-years interval till the group of 1985 and younger. The amount of consumed alcohol is estimated with Heckman model. LR-test is used to determine the similarity of alcohol consumption behavior of age groups. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition presents the difference in the average level of alcohol consumption among two neighboring age classes with the explained and unexplained parts.FindingsMale and female respondents from the group (1985+) drink significantly less absolute alcohol than the previous age class born in 1975–1984. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition shows that an increase in absolute alcohol consumption for women and a decrease in absolute alcohol consumption for men come from the unexplained difference of consumption volumes. Policy measures should be targeted on the prevention of excessive alcohol consumption among Russian women since they demonstrate an increase in the consumption of vodka, beer and fortified wine from one generation to another.Originality/valueFor the first time, the paper presents decomposition of changes in alcohol consumption volumes for neighboring age groups of Russians. The change in consumption volumes might be due to the change of objective characteristics of individuals and unobservable factors like the influence of advertising, government policy and the entry of new alcohol producers into the market.

scholarly journals Alcohol and cannabis use in Norway during the period 1995-2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin K. Bye ◽  
Ståle Østhus
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Drinking Frequency

<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: x-small;"><p>The description of alcohol and cannabis use in the period 1995-2009 is based on data from five sets of surveys. Sales figures for alcohol consumption are also included. Alcohol sales in Norway increased by 40 per cent during the period 1995-2009, from 4.8 to 6.7 litres of pure alcohol per inhabitant aged 15 years and over. This increase largely reflects a sharp increase in the sale of wine. Also when taking into account unregistered alcohol consumption, the consumption of alcohol increased considerably in Norway during the period in question. The increased alcohol consumption seems to be due to an increase in moderate alcohol consumers and/or an increase in situations involving moderate alcohol consumption. Population surveys indicate that there has been an increase in the proportion who drink alcohol and in the proportion of people who drink relatively often, but the increased drinking frequency is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the proportion who often drink until they are intoxicated. On average, men drink more often and greater quantities than women, with the exception of wine. The proportion who drink alcohol at least twice a month or more has increased in all age groups, and the increase has been particularly marked among those above the age of 50. Despite a reduction in consumption among young people in recent years, consumption and drinking until intoxicated are still widespread. Young girls drink alcohol as often as boys and are equally often intoxicated. As for cannabis, there was an increase in the age group 15-20 years in the second half of the 1990s, followed by a decrease and stagnation since the turn of the millennium. There was little or no difference between boys and girls in the 15-20 age group in the use of cannabis, while among young adults, far more men than women reported that they had used cannabis</p></span></span>

You have to be prepared to drink

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Davies ◽  
Cara Law ◽  
Sarah E. Hennelly
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Drinking ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Target Individual ◽  
University Life ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Purpose Many existing interventions to reduce excessive drinking in university students attempt to target individual cognitions, which ignore the wider contextual features that drive excessive drinking and mark this as an important aspect of university life. The purpose of this paper is to explore students’ views about preventing excessive drinking at university, specifically by using frameworks that take into both account individual and social influences. Design/methodology/approach In all, 23 young adults aged 20-30 (12 females; M age=22.91; SD=2.57; 18 students, five recent graduates) took part in semi-structured interviews to explore their views about drinking and measures to reduce excessive consumption. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings There were three themes identified in the analysis. These themes were named “the role of alcohol in student life”, drinking transitions’, and “prevention challenges” and each had related sub-themes. Practical implications Targeting students before they commence their course and highlighting aspects of university life that do not involve alcohol may help to reduce the pressure often felt to drink in social situations. Providing novel, credible alternative socialising options that do not involve alcohol should be explored to determine their acceptability, and their potential to reduce excessive drinking. Originality/value Few studies explore what students themselves think about reducing alcohol consumption and most interventions focus on changing individual cognitions rather than features of the social environment. This study highlights that changing social practices related to drinking in combination with targeting individuals may be more fruitful avenue to reduce excessive alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Who drinks more in Sweden? A study on consumption trends among men and women and in various age groups during 1990–2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Leifman
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

This study examines trends in alcohol consumption in Sweden from 1990 to 2002, with the emphasis on the period after 1995 with Sweden as a member of the European Union (EU). The specific aim of the study is to study gender-specific and age-specific trends in self-reported consumption by means of five general population surveys conducted between 1990 and 2002. Trends in the proportion of high consumers were also studied. Alcohol sales and estimates of unrecorded consumption indicate that Swedish per capita alcohol consumption (per person aged 15 or older) rose by approximately 27 per cent, from 7.8 litres of pure alcohol in 1990 to 9.9 litres in 2002. Approximately 90 per cent of this increase has occurred since 1996. Analyses of self-reported consumption from survey data confirm this trend with more than a 30 per cent increase for both genders (aged 16–75 years) since 1996. Among women, this is mainly due to increased wine consumption, and among men to augmented consumption of wine as well as beer. Furthermore, the proportion of high consumers has increased – and more so than the per capita consumption. The study also shows that changes in consumption during the period of 1990 to 2002 differ for the various gender-and age-specific groups. Among women, for in-stance, the increase since 1996 has been strongest for the oldest women (50–75 years of age), and since 1998 statistically significant only among this group. The weakest, and thus not statistically significant, increase has occurred among women between the ages of 30 and 49. It is important to track the changes not only among men and women and various age groups, but also in the different sub-groups of the population, since changes in per capita consumption are strongly related to changes in different alcohol-related problems. Other groups of importance are e.g. various social classes (including the long-term unemployed and people on long-term disability benefits), regions, family units and, not least, different drinking groups, including high consumers. Improved knowledge of how consumption changes in different socio-demo-graphic groups will also improve our understanding of the causes and mechanisms behind changes in alcohol consumption in society.

Estimating effect of marriage on male wages in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1649-1667
Author(s):  
Elena Kossova ◽  
Bogdan Potanin ◽  
Maria Sheluntcova
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Price Effect ◽  
Independence Assumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conditional Mean ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Marriage Wage Premium ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposePurpose of the article is to investigate the effect of marriage on male wages in Russia. The paper provides insight about contribution of observed and unobserved factors to wages of Russian men regarding their marital status.Design/methodology/approachDatabase is the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) for 2016. We add to the literature by introducing Generalized Oaxaca–Blinder Decomposition of the difference in mean wages of married and unmarried men. This generalization is free of conditional mean independence assumption.FindingsWe reveal negative observed price effect and substantial positive effect of changes in unobserved characteristics of married and unmarried men in Russia.Originality/valueTo our knowledge, our study is the first one that gives estimation of the volume and structure of the male marriage wage premium in Russia. The proposed approach is applicable for estimating labor market premiums and penalties for various individual characteristics.

Is Alcohol Consumption Associated with Job Strain Among Professional Musicians?

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Mikhail Saltychev ◽  
Heidi Vastamäki ◽  
Martti Vastamäki ◽  
Katri Laimi
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Job Content

OBJECTIVE: To assess the strength of the relationship between alcohol consumption and job strain experienced by professional musicians. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey among professional orchestra musicians (n=1,550, response rate 41%, data available for 590 respondents). The difference between groups with and without job strain was assessed by two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: The median alcohol consumption was 48 g/wk (range 1–648, IQR 12–96). There were only 25 (4%) heavy drinkers, defined as people who consume >210 g of pure alcohol a week. The average frequency of drinking was 2.1 times/wk (SD 2.0, range 0–7). Of the respondents, 125 (21%) reported an elevated level of job strain as defined by the responses to Job Content Questionnaire. There was no significant interaction between the effects of gender and job strain on alcohol consumption: F(1, 586) = 0.82, p=0.365. Simple main effects analysis showed that males were consuming alcohol significantly more than females were (p=0.0005), but there were no differences between participants with elevated level of job strain compared with the rest of the sample (p=0.546). CONCLUSIONS: The amount of alcohol consumed was not associated with the presence or absence of perceived occupational strain among professional orchestra musicians.

Young adults, alcohol and Facebook: a synergistic relationship

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Jones ◽  
Simone Pettigrew ◽  
Nicole Biagioni ◽  
Mike Daube ◽  
Tanya Chikritzhs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Content Type

Purpose There is a growing body of research into the utilisation of social networking sites (SNS) by alcohol marketers, but less research into how young people utilise SNS to create their own meanings of, and interactions with, alcohol. The purpose of this study was to explore young adults’ perceptions of the nexus between alcohol and SNS. Design/methodology/approach In total, 60 adults aged 18-21 years took part in an intensive data collection process over six months. All references to social media in the interviews, focus groups and written introspections were compiled and analysed. Findings Results showed social media use stimulates alcohol consumption and alcohol consumption stimulates social media use. Four main themes emerged: social engagement, identity, drinking culture and distancing. Participants reported being constantly exposed to, and often influenced by, images of their peers enjoying themselves while consuming alcohol, with little representation of negative outcomes. Research limitations/implications The relationship between SNS, social norms and drinking behaviours is complex; there is a need for further research into the dynamics of this relationship to inform social marketing interventions. Originality/value While there is a body of research into commercial references to alcohol on SNS, there is less research into the ways young people utilise SNS to create their own meanings of, and interactions with, alcohol. The consumer research that has been conducted to date has focused on quantifying references to alcohol and drinking behaviours, observing profiles or surveying users. This study addresses a key gap in the literature that is needed to inform social marketing interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: when, why and how do young people post about alcohol.

Choosing a book by its cover: analysis of a reader’s choice

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arūnas Gudinavičius ◽  
Andrius Šuminas
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Book Choice ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Women’S Preferences

Purpose The massive growth in the number of book titles has made publishers think about how to attract a customer’s attention to particular books. This is the reason why the book cover plays an important role as a tool of communication with the reader. The research question of this exploratory study is whether the preference given by readers to book cover colors is different across genders and age groups when they choose the book in an online bookstore by its cover. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The experiment in a bookstore and a library was done. Each respondent was asked to choose one book from our sample of 18 books and a mobile eye tracking laboratory was set up in order to find out the respondents’ basic gazing data. After conducting an experiment with bookstore and library visitors, the results showed that younger women tend to select a book by its cover (when the time for selection is not limited) statistically significantly faster than men of the same age group. The difference disappears with age. Findings The data of the experiment suggested that women from the age group 18-35 prefer books with cool color covers and the preference disappears with age; accordingly, men in the age group 56+ prefer books with warm color covers. The preference was not seen in younger age groups. The analysis of data on the number of choices for each cover and the time spent looking at each of them revealed a significant positive correlation between the women’s preferences in selecting covers and the time women spend looking at them; however, there was no such correlation in the case of men’s data. Originality/value The study has shown that the reader’s book choice is at least partly influenced by the cover color. The preference given to cool and warm colors and the speed of decision making show certain differences across genders and age groups. The result contributes to knowing how to create book covers more adopted to reader’s needs.

Cranial chordomas in children and adolescents

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. B. Borba ◽  
Ossama Al-Mefty ◽  
Robert E. Mrak ◽  
James Suen
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Histological Pattern ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Difference

✓ Chordomas are rare tumors that usually occur in adults. This report describes four cases of intracranial chordomas treated in patients 20 years of age or younger by the senior author (O.A.M.) during a 4-year period. The authors also reviewed the literature on pediatric patients, which revealed that the clinical presentations, histological patterns, and behaviors of these tumors differ considerably depending on whether the patient is younger or older than 5 years of age. The younger population had a wider range of presenting symptoms, a greater prevalence of atypical histological findings with aggressive behavior, a greater range of cellularity than the classic chordomas, and a higher instance of metastasis; it showed no chondroid component compared to a 17.1% instance in the older patients. The prognosis for patients with a chordoma is related directly to the histological pattern of the tumor; the atypical chordoma carries a poor prognosis. The prognoses for children older than 5 years of age with a classic or chondroid tumor were not significantly different (p = 0.788). At follow up, the difference in survival rates between patients undergoing surgery plus radiation therapy and those who had surgery alone was statistically significant (p = 0.00446). No correlation was found between radical resection or radiation therapy and an improved prognosis for patients younger than 5 years of age who had a tumor with an atypical histological pattern. This study identifies and delineates the distinction between these age groups and provides a review of the potential prognostic factors.

scholarly journals Factors behind the Increase in Cardiovascular Mortality in Russia: Apolipoprotein AI and B Distribution in the Arkhangelsk Study 2000

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Averina ◽  
Odd Nilssen ◽  
Tormod Brenn ◽  
Jan Brox ◽  
Vadim L Arkhipovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Distribution ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Apo Ai

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular mortality is markedly higher in Russia than in Western Europe and the US. Little is known about indicators of atherosclerotic risk in the Russian population. To our knowledge, this is the first study of apolipoprotein (apo) AI and B in Russia based on the WHO-IFCC standard. Methods: We measured apo AI and B by immunoturbidimetric assay in 3694 men and women from Arkhangelsk, Russia, in 1999–2000. Results: The age-related distribution of apo B was similar to that in other countries, whereas the apo AI profile was different. For men ≥20 years, apo AI was considerably higher than in studies from other countries. Women had also relatively high apo AI concentrations, although the difference was not as pronounced as in men. The apo AI concentration was positively associated with age and lifestyle variables such as alcohol consumption and physical activity, and negatively associated with body mass index and self-reported myocardial infarction. γ-Glutamyltransferase was positively associated with apo AI in both sexes. Conclusions: The apparently favorable apolipoprotein profiles contrast with official death statistics indicating high cardiovascular mortality in Russia. High apo AI might indicate excessive alcohol consumption.

Investigating the volume and structure of alcohol consumption in Russian regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kossova ◽  
Elena Kossova ◽  
Maria Sheluntcova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine macroeconomic factors that are significantly related to consumption of various alcoholic beverages in Russia. Design/methodology/approach The authors consider 78 Russian regions for the period from 2008 to 2012. Data were collected from the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia. The authors investigate differences in the volume and structure of consuming absolute alcohol in aggregate, vodka, beer, and wine. Estimating fixed effect panel models enables us to reveal the relationship between alcohol consumption and the set of macroeconomic factors that include economic development of regions and living standards, the effect of unemployment, and the degree of urbanization. Findings Alcohol consumption is procyclical in Russia. Two main alcoholic beverages in Russia are vodka and beer. Economic development and urbanization of regions are positively related to consuming alcohol. Unemployment rate affects consumption of different types of alcoholic drinks in a different way. For absolute alcohol, vodka and beer, this relationship is negative. However, it is positive for wine. The effect of unemployment on absolute alcohol and vodka increases over time. For beer, it is remained unchanged. For wine, this effect weakens over time. Originality/value To the authors knowledge, the paper is the first one to analyze macro-level factors of consumption of different alcoholic beverages in Russia. Conclusions made on aggregate macroeconomic data add to understanding of drinking patterns in Russia as a country with the large territory and great regional variations. Findings can be used for correcting the alcohol policy at the national and regional level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document