Synthesis of large-scale total water network with multiple water resources under seasonal flow rate constraints

Recent floods in Ghana are largely blamed on mining activities. Not only are lives lost through these floods, farms andproperties are destroyed as a result. Water resources are diverted, polluted and impounded upon by both large-scale minersand small-scale miners. Although these activities are largely blamed on behavioural attitudes that need to be changed, thereare legal dimensions that should be addressed as well. Coincidentally, a great proportion of the water resources of Ghana arewithin these mining areas thus the continual pollution of these surface water sources is a serious threat to the environmentand the development of the country as a whole. The environmental laws need to be oriented properly with adequate sanctionsto tackle the impacts mining has on water resources. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure needs to bestreamlined and undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and not the company itself.

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Mapping global water projects: improving access to donor investment information on the web

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2003.0012 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 203-212

Author(s):

J. Lisa Jorgensona

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Web Sites ◽

Large Scale ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Water Withdrawal ◽

Small Scale ◽

Water Projects ◽

Essential Information ◽

Water Project ◽

The Web

This paper discusses a series of discusses how web sites now report international water project information, and maps the combined donor investment in more than 6000 water projects, active since 1995. The maps show donor investment: • has addressed water scarcity, • has improved access to improvised water resources, • correlates with growth in GDP, • appears to show a correlation with growth in net private capital flow, • does NOT appear to correlate with growth in GNI. Evaluation indicates problems in the combined water project portfolios for major donor organizations: •difficulties in grouping projects over differing Sector classifications, food security, or agriculture/irrigation is the most difficult. • inability to map donor projects at the country or river basin level because 60% of the donor projects include no location data (town, province, watershed) in the title or abstracts available on the web sites. • no means to identify donor projects with utilization of water resources from training or technical assistance. • no information of the source of water (river, aquifer, rainwater catchment). • an identifiable quantity of water (withdrawal amounts, or increased water efficiency) is not provided. • differentiation between large scale verses small scale projects. Recommendation: Major donors need to look at how the web harvests and combines their information, and look at ways to agree on a standard template for project titles to include more essential information. The Japanese (JICA) and the Asian Development Bank provide good models.

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A stochastic approach to analyze trade-offs and risks associated with large-scale water resources systems

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/2006wr005094 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

A. Tilmant ◽

R. Kelman

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Large Scale ◽

Stochastic Approach ◽

Water Resources Systems ◽

Trade Offs

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Common Pool Resource Management: Assessing Water Resources Planning for Hydrologically Connected Surface and Groundwater Systems

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology8010051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Francisco Muñoz-Arriola ◽

Tarik Abdel-Monem ◽

Alessandro Amaranto

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Collective Action ◽

Large Scale ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Design Principles ◽

Water Levels ◽

High Plains ◽

Common Pool Resource ◽

Common Pool ◽

Connected Surface

Common pool resource (CPR) management has the potential to overcome the collective action dilemma, defined as the tendency for individual users to exploit natural resources and contribute to a tragedy of the commons. Design principles associated with effective CPR management help to ensure that arrangements work to the mutual benefit of water users. This study contributes to current research on CPR management by examining the process of implementing integrated management planning through the lens of CPR design principles. Integrated management plans facilitate the management of a complex common pool resource, ground and surface water resources having a hydrological connection. Water governance structures were evaluated through the use of participatory methods and observed records of interannual changes in rainfall, evapotranspiration, and ground water levels across the Northern High Plains. The findings, documented in statutes, field interviews and observed hydrologic variables, point to the potential for addressing large-scale collective action dilemmas, while building on the strengths of local control and participation. The feasibility of a “bottom up” system to foster groundwater resilience was evidenced by reductions in groundwater depths of 2 m in less than a decade.

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Mapping the Distribution of Water Resource Security in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region at the County Level under a Changing Context

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11226463 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 6463 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li ◽

Yin ◽

Zhang ◽

Croke ◽

Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Large Scale ◽

Water Diversion ◽

County Level ◽

Populated Region ◽

Water Resource Security ◽

Resource Security

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) region is the most densely populated region in China and suffers from severe water resource shortage, with considerable water-related issues emerging under a changing context such as construction of water diversion projects (WDP), regional synergistic development, and climate change. To this end, this paper develops a framework to examine the water resource security for 200 counties in the Jingjinji region under these changes. Thus, county-level water resource security is assessed in terms of the long-term annual mean and selected typical years (i.e., dry, normal, and wet years), with and without the WDP, and under the current and projected future (i.e., regional synergistic development and climate change). The outcomes of such scenarios are assessed based on two water-crowding indicators, two use-to-availability indicators, and one composite indicator. Results indicate first that the water resources are distributed unevenly, relatively more abundant in the northeastern counties and extremely limited in the other counties. The water resources are very limited at the regional level, with the water availability per capita and per unit gross domestic product (GDP) being only 279/290 m3 and 46/18 m3 in the current and projected future scenarios, respectively, even when considering the WDP. Second, the population carrying capacity is currently the dominant influence, while economic development will be the controlling factor in the future for most middle and southern counties. This suggests that significant improvement in water-saving technologies, vigorous replacement of industries from high to low water consumption, as well as water from other supplies for large-scale applications are greatly needed. Third, the research identifies those counties most at risk to water scarcity and shows that most of them can be greatly relieved after supplementation by the planned WDP. Finally, more attention should be paid to the southern counties because their water resources are not only limited but also much more sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. This work should benefit water resource management and allocation decisions in the Jingjinji region, and the proposed assessment framework can be applied to other similar problems.

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Aggregate water resources for large-scale energy development in the Upper Colorado River Basin

Energy ◽

10.1016/0360-5442(86)90086-1 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 281-292

Author(s):

M.S. Isaacson

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

River Basin ◽

Large Scale ◽

Colorado River ◽

Energy Development ◽

Colorado River Basin ◽

Upper Colorado River Basin

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Model-Based Analysis of Transient Behavior of Large Scale CFB Boilers

17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

10.1115/fbc2003-130 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ari Kettunen ◽

Timo Hyppa¨nen ◽

Ari-Pekka Kirkinen ◽

Esa Maikkola

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Air Flow ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Air Flow Rate ◽

Process Data ◽

Cfb Boiler ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Load Change ◽

Secondary Air

The main objective of this study was to investigate the load change capability and effect of the individual control variables, such as fuel, primary air and secondary air flow rates, on the dynamics of large-scale CFB boilers. The dynamics of the CFB process were examined by dynamic process tests and by simulation studies. A multi-faceted set of transient process tests were performed at a commercial 235 MWe CFB unit. Fuel reactivity and interaction between gas flow rates, solid concentration profiles and heat transfer were studied by step changes of the following controllable variables: fuel feed rate, primary air flow rate, secondary air flow rate and primary to secondary air flow ratio. Load change performance was tested using two different types of tests: open and closed loop load changes. A tailored dynamic simulator for the CFB boiler was built and fine-tuned by determining the model parameters and by validating the models of each process component against measured process data of the transient test program. The know-how about the boiler dynamics obtained from the model analysis and the developed CFB simulator were utilized in designing the control systems of three new 262 MWe CFB units, which are now under construction. Further, the simulator was applied for the control system development and transient analysis of the supercritical OTU CFB boiler.

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Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Preparation to Application

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13105717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5717

Author(s):

Mian Muhammad-Ahson Aslam ◽

Hsion-Wen Kuo ◽

Walter Den ◽

Muhammad Usman ◽

Muhammad Sultan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Resources ◽

Large Scale ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Biological Species ◽

Special Focus ◽

Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽

Adsorption Sites ◽

Water And Wastewater

As the world human population and industrialization keep growing, the water availability issue has forced scientists, engineers, and legislators of water supply industries to better manage water resources. Pollutant removals from wastewaters are crucial to ensure qualities of available water resources (including natural water bodies or reclaimed waters). Diverse techniques have been developed to deal with water quality concerns. Carbon based nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their high specific surface area and associated adsorption sites, have drawn a special focus in environmental applications, especially water and wastewater treatment. This critical review summarizes recent developments and adsorption behaviors of CNTs used to remove organics or heavy metal ions from contaminated waters via adsorption and inactivation of biological species associated with CNTs. Foci include CNTs synthesis, purification, and surface modifications or functionalization, followed by their characterization methods and the effect of water chemistry on adsorption capacities and removal mechanisms. Functionalized CNTs have been proven to be promising nanomaterials for the decontamination of waters due to their high adsorption capacity. However, most of the functional CNT applications are limited to lab-scale experiments only. Feasibility of their large-scale/industrial applications with cost-effective ways of synthesis and assessments of their toxicity with better simulating adsorption mechanisms still need to be studied.

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Water Conflicts: The Case of the Nile River and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea ◽

10.24193/subbeuropaea.2020.2.09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 179-193

Author(s):

Cătălin Badea

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Large Scale ◽

Life Form ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Nile River ◽

Water Conflict ◽

Water Conflicts ◽

Potential Conflict ◽

State Of Water

"The most crucial element of every life form on our planet, water has always been a source of potential animosity between clans, tribes and even states. With the advent of modern technology we have devoted less and less of our attention to this all-needed resource, but pollution, large-scale industrialization and agriculture, the population boom of the last centuries and crucially the climate calamity that it threatens to unleash, forces us to reconsider the key role played by water in the delicate and fragile ecosystem of our planet. This article takes a look at how water is, and will increasingly be, a source of contention and even conflicts between states, as climate changes and increasingly larger populations will be forced to fight over more and more depleted resources. With a focus on the case of the Nile river and the potential conflict over its water resources between Egypt and Ethiopia, this article examines how the mainstream state of water conflict thinking fails to explain the case of the Nile River Basis and the newly built Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and why the alternative ideas that are based on the notions of cooperation and justice might ultimately provide a better way of understanding the complex problem of the delicate management and use of water resources. Keywords: Water conflicts, Egypt, Ethiopia, GERD, The Nile"

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