scholarly journals Effect of biosal®, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin on the activity of GOT, GPT and total protein contents in two fodder pests Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Hussain ◽  
S. Khwaja ◽  
M. Zahid ◽  
A. Karim ◽  
Z. Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Abstract The assessment of the comparative effect of biosal (phytopesticide), deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroids) were made against two fodder pests, Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi by filter paper impregnation method. The activity of total protein contents, GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase) were affected in Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda cyhalothrin. The activity of total protein contents in H. modestus was 31.053%, 4.607%, and 24.575%, against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of total protein contents was observed as 24.202%, 15.25%, and 56.036% against deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and biosal, respectively in H. ocimumi. The activity of GOT was observed as 98.675% for biosal 33.95% for deltamethrin and 83.619% for lambda-cyhalothrin in H. modestus. The GOT activity was estimated in H. ocimumi as 78.831%, 47.645%, and 71.287% against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The efficacy of GPT enzyme against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin was calculated as 89.26%, 73.07%, and 47.58%, respectively in H. modestus. The H. ocimumi showed GPT activity as 77.58% for biosal, 68.84% for deltamethrin, and 52.67% for lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Different Local Spices on Lambda Cyhalothrin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Eme Efioanwan Orlu ◽  
Adetutu Olubunmi Obulor
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Animal House

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the protective role of different local spices on lambda cyhalothrin induced nephrotoxicity in male mice Experimental Design: A completely randomized experimental design using standard methods for analysis. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Animal house, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology of Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt, Nigeria. GPS 4o47'50''N 6o58'49''E. This study lasted for 35days. Methodology: The experimental animals were separated into 6 groups (A-F) of seven mice each. Group A served as the control and Group B – F served as the test groups. At the end of the 35 day treatment period, feed was withdrawn from the mice 24 hours before termination of the experiment. Blood samples for analysis of kidney function test were collected from each mouse by ocular puncture into plain tubes. The blood was allowed to clot and centrifuged at 2500g to separate the serum from the cells. Total protein was analyzed using the spectrophotometric method of biuret, Bradford and erythrosine – b, albumin was estimated, creatinine and urea was done using enzymatic method. Vital organs were removed and weighed for organosomatic indices. Histological sections of the kidney were mounted on slides, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Photomicrographs were generated. Results: There is no significant difference (P=0.05) between the organ weight and bodyweight in group A compared with the treatment groups. The values of Albumin, total protein, urea, creatinine and total bilirubin increased significantly in group B administered lambda cyhalothrin alone but decreased in groups administered the local spices. Histopathological analysis of the kidney shows the regular structure of the kidney architecture in group A, tubular degeneration and several vacuolations were observed in group B. However, less degeneration of the epithelial cells, regeneration of renal tubular epithelium were observed in groups C- F. Conclusion: Based on the results from liver biomarkers and histological micrographs from this study, pronounced degeneration was observed in the kidney cells exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin only. Moreover, all spices used had a regenerating ability on the kidney tubules. It is advocated therefore that consumption of this spices either singly or in combination should be encouraged especially for those exposed to insecticides poisoning

scholarly journals Comparative effect of different insecticides on the growth and yield of soybeans

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana ◽  
Bishnu Adhikari ◽  
Arjun Adhikari ◽  
Il-Doo Kim ◽  
Jeong-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Pod Number

The yield of soybeans, an economically important crop worldwide, is substantially reduced by different abiotic and biotic factors, including insect pests. Different insecticides are applied to control soybean insect pests. The application of insecticides may also affect the plants along with the pests. The effects of four insecticides (fenitrothion, etofenprox, thiamethoxam, and lambda-cyhalothrin-cum-thiamethoxam; LT) on the growth and yield of two soybean cultivars over two years were investigated. The plant height (PH), pod number, shoot dry matter without seed (SDWS), total shoot dry matter, seed yield per plant (SYP), harvest index (HI), and hundred-seed weight significantly varied with the insecticides. However, the primary branch number was not significantly affected by the insecticides. Significant interactions between the year and insecticide, except for the SDWS and HI, indicated that the growing environment also affected the influence of the insecticides. The PH was significantly tall in the thiamethoxam (50.07 cm) and short for the LT (46.66 cm) application. The SYP was significantly high for the LT (20.51 g) and low for the fenitrothion (11.51 g). This study showed that the type of insecticide could significantly affect the plant growth and yield of the soybean.

Toxicity and Effects of Nimolcine (Neem Compound) and Acorus calamus on Cholinesterase Enzyme of Callosobruchus analis in Comparison with Chemical Pesticides

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-383
Author(s):  
Nighat Gul Nighat Gul ◽  
M Farhanullah Khan M Farhanullah Khan ◽  
Saif Ud Din and Maisoor Ahmed Nafees Saif Ud Din and Maisoor Ahmed Nafees
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Callosobruchus Analis ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

In the present research study Nimolicine (neem compound), Acorus calamus(crude extract) Cypermethrin (pyrethroid) and Methamidophos (organophosphate) were examined against Callosobruchus analis (F) by Filter paper impregnation method. Presently, LC50 values were found as 19, 5.1, 2.2 and 16and#181;g/cm2 for nimolicine, Acorus calamus crude extract, cypermethrin and methamidopos respectively after 24 hours of treatment. The order of effectiveness was observed as cypermethrin andgt;Acorus calamus andgt; methamidophos andgt;Nimolicine. The cholinesterase % inhibition was observed as 37.5, 40, 12 and 65% for Nimolicine, Acorus calamus, cypermethrin and methamidopos respectively. This research determines that Acorus calamus and Nimolicine both have a valuable potential against the Callosobruchus analis. However, further investigation is indispensable to see the effectiveness of these compounds for the positive pest control acceptable by integrated pest management (IPM) in economic, environmental and social means.

Evaluation of the toxicity and sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin against horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) via bioassays and exposure to treated hosts

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Leprince ◽  
L.J. Hribar ◽  
L.D. Foil
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Horse Flies

AbstractMortality ofTabanus fuscicostatusHine females, engorged to repletion on bullocks treated with lambda-cyhalothrin impregnated ear tags, or placed on treated bullocks for periods of 15, 30, 45 or 60 s but not allowed to feed, was equal to or greater than 96%, while from 0% to 8% mortality was observed for controls. Average feeding time was significantly lower inT. fuscicostatusfed on treated bullocks (33%) than in flies fed on control bullocks, but average engorged weight was not significantly different between treatments. Mortality ofT. americanusForster females, placed on the backs of treated bullocks but not allowed to feed for periods of 15, 30, 45 or 60 s, was 16%, 44%, 76% and 100%, respectively. Results of bioassays in which flies were exposed to treated filter paper (LC50) or were topically treated (LD50) are presented per fly and per weight forT. fuscicostatusandT. lineolacomplex.

Preservation of Plant Cell Surfaces For Scanning Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
Linda M. Sicko ◽  
Thomas E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

The use of critical point drying is rapidly becoming a popular method of preparing biological samples for scanning electron microscopy. The procedure is rapid, and produces consistent results with a variety of samples. The preservation of surface details is much greater than that of air drying, and the procedure is less complicated than that of freeze drying. This paper will present results comparing conventional air-drying of plant specimens to critical point drying, both of fixed and unfixed material. The preservation of delicate structures which are easily damaged in processing and the use of filter paper as a vehicle for drying will be discussed.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

A freeze-fracture-etched study of the physarum polycephalum plasma membrane during early formation of the macroplasmodial stage

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Randolph W. Taylor ◽  
Henrie Treadwell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Wire Screen ◽  
Wide Mouth ◽  
Sterile Filter

The plasma membrane of the Slime Mold, Physarum polycephalum, process unique morphological distinctions at different stages of the life cycle. Investigations of the plasma membrane of P. polycephalum, particularly, the arrangements of the intramembranous particles has provided useful information concerning possible changes occurring in higher organisms. In this report Freeze-fracture-etched techniques were used to investigate 3 hours post-fusion of the macroplasmodia stage of the P. polycephalum plasma membrane.Microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum (M3C), axenically maintained, were collected in mid-expotential growth phase by centrifugation. Aliquots of microplasmodia were spread in 3 cm circles with a wide mouth pipette onto sterile filter paper which was supported on a wire screen contained in a petri dish. The cells were starved for 2 hrs at 24°C. After starvation, the cells were feed semidefined medium supplemented with hemin and incubated at 24°C. Three hours after incubation, samples were collected randomly from the petri plates, placed in plancettes and frozen with a propane-nitrogen jet freezer.

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