scholarly journals A Missed Opportunity? Transylvania as a Virtual Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
László Boka
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
European Context ◽  
Hungarian Literature ◽  
Missed Opportunity

Abstract The article focuses on the analysis of the ideas of Aladár Kuncz, a writer, literary critic and editor who defined Transylvanian Hungarian literature after 1918 in a European context. The concept of Transylvanism is discussed through the debates of the interwar period, and is situated within the context of Hungarian literary modernism. In the light of the Transylvanian literary ideas of the 1920s and 1930s, minority / regional literatures would have been directly related to a new concept of European and world literature beyond national literatures, along a line of thought that acknowledged the deterministic character of regionalism, and prioritized it also at the level of cultural memory, considering it to be primary over linguistic, national, and the changing geographical boundaries. These endeavours sought to revive an emphatic idea of Central Europe with its strict ideals of quality besides strong local, decentralized, yet transnational aspirations, while making them compatible with the preservation of linguistic and cultural ties with the three traditional Transylvanian nations. The article also discusses the reasons why, in the midst of the 1930s, facing political restrictions, the literary form of Transylvanism became outdated in the eye of the younger generations of the Hungarian community.

Historia leksemu "badylarz" (na marginesie prac nad "Wielkim słownikiem języka polskiego PAN")

Język Polski ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Jakub Bobrowski
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article explores the semantic and pragmatic evolution of the lexical unit "badylarz" (‘vegetable gardener’). The author challenges the generally accepted opinions about its history, making use of data from dictionaries, digital libraries and corpora of the Polish language. It is commonly believed that the word came into existence during the PRL era and belonged to the typical elements of the discourse of communist propaganda. An analysis of the collected data showed that the word "badylarz" existed as far back as the second half of the 19th century. Originally, it was a neutral lexeme, but in the interwar period it became one of the offensive names of class enemies, often used in left-wing newspapers. After the war, negative connotations of the word were disseminated through literature and popular culture. Nowadays, "badylarz" functions as the lexical exponent of cultural memory of communist times.

Psychotic Realism in (American) Psycho

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne De Boever
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
General Aspect ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Big City

Tracing psychosis in American Psycho back to both Alfred Hitchcock’s film Psycho and the novel Psycho (by Robert Bloch) on which it was based, the chapter shows how these fictions theorize psychosis as a general aspect of the human being’s relation to money. However, money’s psychotic effect also infects Psycho, American Psycho, and the criticism that they have received in the sense that they tend to forget about money as one of the sources of the various psychoses they describe. If Bonfire was already pretty weak on the finance, presenting itself as a big city novel and being received as a novel about race and racism in New York, American Psycho has even less finance in it. Thus, Psycho and American Psycho arguably realize the psychosis that money produces in their very cinematic and literary form. Taking its cue from the Italian literary critic and media scholar Antonio Scurati, the chapter argues that this amounts to a psychotic realism that writes money’s psychotic effect on human beings—something that is particularly important in today’s era of digitized finance.

3Postcolonial Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Edward Powell
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Form Features

Abstract This chapter covers selected research in postcolonial theory published in 2018, beginning with books and edited collections before discussing journal special issues. Literary form features in many of these works, particularly as reconsiderations of ‘minor’ genres and their relationship to capitalism. Meanwhile, the place of postcolonial studies itself within capitalism came under new scrutiny, along with that of world literature.

scholarly journals Hidden Modernism: Architecture Theory of the Socialist Realist Gap

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála Jász
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Architecture Theory ◽  
Late Modern

The aim of this paper is to clarify and exemplify the difference between modern, socialist realism and late modern in architecture. In the general pre-theoretical use of these terms, this distinction is often blurred; a unified expression, socialist realism, is used for all the aforementioned terms. This paper will examine a possible answer for this phenomenon by using examples from different areas of eastern-Central Europe, especially from Hungarian architecture.The paper first focuses on the façadism of socialist realism in the architecture of eastern-Central Europe. Following this, it shows that the architectural tendencies of classical modernism did not disappear in this period; they were just not explicitly manifest in case of public buildings for example. Finally, the paper argues that after this socialist realist gap, architectural theory and planning tendencies of the interwar period returned and continued, especially the work of Le Corbusier.

Weak democracies under pressure, 1918 and 1989 in comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Dieter Segert
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The West ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Careful Handling ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Economic Transitions

The article is concerned with the recent crisis of representative democracy. It analyses especially the features and conditions of the democratic decay in East-Central Europe. The method of the study consists mainly in a thorough interpretation of different data from the field of social, political and economic transitions during and after the 1990s. Additionally, the article examines the fate of democratic regimes in the interwar period and the causes of its weakness. The population’s expectations towards political transformations was a major driving factor of politics in both periods of time in East-Central Europe. The article tries to answer the question how to deal successfully with the democracy crises in the region. The stabilisation of democratic polities would need both a strong social policy on the basis of an economic catch up with the West and a careful handling of the fears of “globalization”.

The Birth of Anglicanism

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (35) ◽  
pp. 418-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diarmaid MacCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
European Context ◽  
Middle Way

The paper surveys the English Reformation in the wider European context to demonstrate that the concept of ‘Anglicanism’ is hardly appropriate for the post-Reformation English Church in the sixteenth century: it was emphatically Protestant, linked to Reformed rather than Lutheran Protestantism. Henry VIII created a hybrid of a Church after breaking with Rome, but that was not unique in northern Europe. There were widespread attempts to find a ‘middle way’, the model being Cologne under Archbishop Hermann von Wied. Wied's efforts failed, but left admirers like Albert Hardenberg and Jan Laski, and their Reformations gradually moved towards those of central Europe—the first Reformed theologians. Edward VTs Reformation aligned itself with this new grouping, and produced prototypes of liturgy and theological formulary which endure to the present day—with the exception of a proposed reform of canon law, with its provisions for divorce. Elizabeth Ts 1559 religious settlement fossilised Edward's Church from autumn 1552. It made no concessions to Catholics, despite later A nglo- Catholic myth-making: minor adjustments were probably aimed at Lutherans. There is nevertheless a ‘Nicodemite’ association among the leading figures who steered the Settlement through its opening years. Important and unlikely survivals were cathedrals, uniquely preserved in a Protestant context and a source of future ideological Catholic ‘subversion’. Nevertheless the theological tone of the Elizabethan Church was a broadly-based Reformed Protestantism, aligned to Zürich rather than to Geneva. Early seventeenth-century Arminianism or Laudianism represented a new direction, and the Puritanism of New England may better represent the English Reformation than the ‘Anglican’ synthesis which came to fruition in the English Church after Charles II's restoration in 1660. In any case, Anglicanism continues to represent in uneasy but useful tension the two poles of theology contending for mastery in the century after Elizabeth Is coming to power.

scholarly journals The Influence of Indian Literary-Philosophical and Religious Works on the Eastern Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Besire Azizaliyeva
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
Immigrant Literature ◽  
Bhagavad Gita ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The People ◽  
American Immigrant ◽  
Bhagavad Gītā

The religious and philosophical elements expressed in ancient Indian literature have had great influences on world literature. One notable example is the ancient Indian piece, "Panchatantra". This magnificent written work ofworld literature has become one of the most famous and influential works in the development of the European and Asian story genre. The Indian masterpiece has also influenced the Arabic-American immigration writer, Kahlil Gibran. Thus, the impress of Indian scripturecan be seen in many of Gibran’s works such as "The Prophet". The philosophical and religious teachings of the "Bhagavad Gita" have had an impactful role in M. Naimy’s development as an Arabic immigration writer. Mikhail Naimy, a poet, writer and a literary critic, was one of the prominent representatives of the early 21st century Arab-American immigrant literature. When conveying the idea of wholeness and unity between an individual soul and God in his work, “The Book of Mirdad”, the author used different religious and philosophical sources including the ancient Indian scripture Bhagavat-Gita. The concepts such as an eternal soul, “I”, a God’s messenger are very similar in “The Book of Mirdad” and the Indian religious-philosophical teachings. M.Naimy has accented the importance of issues that reflect many of the ancient Indian beliefs expressed in the "Bhagavad Gita" including the material sides of world and divinity, vision, soul, and spirit. The ancient Indian beliefs of "The People are Raised to the God’s level” are distinctively reflected by M. Naimy in his novel "The Book of Mirdad".

1. What is antisemitism?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Beller
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Context ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Holocaust

Is antisemitism a hatred of Jews that has stretched across millennia and across continents? Is it a relatively modern political movement that arose in Central Europe during the late 19th century? Or is it an irrational, psychologically pathological version of ethnocentric or religiocentric anti-Judaism that originated in old conflicts between Jews and Christians? ‘What is antisemitism?’ looks at the origins and meaning of antisemitism and considers how its ideological claims became integrated into European and Western political, but also social, intellectual, and cultural, life, and how the particular Central European context enabled it to lead into the Holocaust.

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