Enhanced Adsorption of Cooking Fume Pollutants By Loofah Carbon Modified By Fenton Reagents

In this study, natural loofah was used as a raw material to adsorb cooking fume pollutants after grinding into a powder (TGS), activation by phosphoric acid to generate activated loofah carbon (TGSC-0), and further modification by Fenton’s reagent (TGSC-1). SEM, GC-MS, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction analyses, in addition to surface area and pore measurements, were used to characterize the adsorption performance of TGS, TGSC-0, and TGSC-1 toward cooking fume pollutants including oils, particulate matter, and non-methane hydrocarbon). TGSC-1 was the best adsorbent when compared against TGS and TGSC-0, and exhibited saturated adsorption capacities for oil, non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), PM2.5, and PM10 of 10.367 mg/g, 4.132 mg/g, 5.613 μg/g, and 16.486 μg/g, respectively. Microscopy indicated that the TGSC-1 surface was rougher than that of TGSC-0. In addition, the adsorption properties of TGSC-1 were enhanced due to abundant hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups on the material surfaces, while iron was also present in the amorphous form that was generated on TGSC-1 surfaces from Fenton’s reagent. As TGSC-1 mass increased, the adsorption breakthrough time and adsorption capacity for simulated cooking fumes (SCFs) gradually increased. Further, Langmuir models better fit the adsorption process based on the highest R2 values being observed for Langmuir model fitting curves of TGSC-1 adsorption of pollutants (i.e., oils, NMHC, PM2.5, and PM10) from SCF, suggesting that adsorption was primarily due to monolayer adsorption and that chemical adsorption plays a major role in this process. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TGSC adsorption technology in the treatment of cooking fumes.

Using MALDI-FTICR-MS Imaging to Track Low-Molecular-Weight Aromatic Derivatives of Fungal Decayed Wood

Low-molecular-weight (LMW) aromatics are crucial in meditating fungal processes for plant biomass decomposition. Some LMW compounds are employed as electron donors for oxidative degradation in brown rot (BR), an efficient wood-degrading strategy in fungi that selectively degrades carbohydrates but leaves modified lignins. Previous understandings of LMW aromatics were primarily based on “bulk extraction”, an approach that cannot fully reflect their real-time functions during BR. Here, we applied an optimized molecular imaging method that combines matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) to directly measure the temporal profiles of BR aromatics as Rhodonia placenta decayed a wood wafer. We found that some phenolics were pre-existing in wood, while some (e.g., catechin-methyl ether and dihydroxy-dimethoxyflavan) were generated immediately after fungal activity. These pinpointed aromatics might be recruited to drive early BR oxidative mechanisms by generating Fenton reagents, Fe2+ and H2O2. As BR progressed, ligninolytic products were accumulated and then modified into various aromatic derivatives, confirming that R. placenta depolymerizes lignin. Together, this work confirms aromatic patterns that have been implicated in BR fungi, and it demonstrates the use of MALDI-FTICR-MS imaging as a new approach to monitor the temporal changes of LMW aromatics during wood degradation.

Effect of Fenton pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar

The Fenton reaction has been widely used in the pretreatment of lignocellulose. It offers the advantages of simple operation, fast reaction speed, and low pollution. In this study, the effects of different proportions of Fenton reagents on the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar were compared and analyzed, and the optimal ratio of Fenton reagents was obtained. The maximum yield of enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose in Fenton pretreatment samples was 406 mg/g at H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations of 1.0 mol/L and 0.01 mol/L, respectively, which was 2.5 times that of untreated samples. Meanwhile, the composition analysis and FT-IR analysis showed that Fenton pretreatment could degrade lignin and hemicellulose effectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that Fenton pretreatment can partially destroy the amorphous region of poplar. These findings will contribute to efforts to improve the viability of the Fenton pretreatment process for converting biomass into energy.

Construction of a novel Cu2(OH)3F/g-C3N4 heterojunction as a high-activity Fenton-like catalyst driven by visible light

Inhibiting the competitive effect of O2 in copper-based Fenton reagents and improving the photogenerated electron–hole pair separation of g-C3N4 are the focus of current research.

H2O2-Replenishable and GSH-Depletive ROS ‘Bomb’ for Self-Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging strategy of tumor therapy which utilizes Fenton reagents to kill tumor cells by disproportionation of H2O2 into hydroxyl radical (•OH). However, insufficient endogenous H2O2...

H2O2-independent chemodynamic therapy initiated from magnetic iron carbide nanoparticle-assisted artemisinin synergy

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a booming technology that utilizes Fenton reagents to kill tumor cells by transforming intracellular H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS), but insufficient endogenous H2O2 makes it difficult to attain satisfactory antitumor results.

Photo-Processes as Effective and Low-Cost Methods for Laundry Wastewater Treatment

In this chapter, surfactants as cleansing agent in detergent used in laundry, are described. The negative effects of the laundry wastewater on the environment and human health are highlighted. Several methods examined for laundry wastewater treatment are also illustrated. Among the treatment methods, photo-process in the presence of TiO2 photocatalyst and Fenton reagents are described in more detail. Furthermore, the factors influencing the effectiveness of photo-process including reagent dose, reaction time, and pH are discussed. Additionally, modifications of the photo-process to improve its performance that is associated with effectiveness and operational cost are also demonstrated. The photo-methods discussed in this chapter offered low-cost due to simplicity and effective technique for treating the laundry wastewater.

Purification of Model Dairy Wastewaters by Ozone, Fenton Pre-treatment and Membrane Filtration

This study aimed to investigate the effect of ozone and Fenton-reaction as a pre-treatment before ultrafiltration of model dairy waste waters containing sodium caseinate. Filtration resistances and pollutant retentions were determined and compared. It was found, that both pre-treatment increased the retention, achieving almost 100 % pollutant elimination efficiency after short term pre-oxidation. The effect of Fe-ion concentration on Fenton pretreatment efficiency also was examined, and it was found that higher concentration resulted in decreased filtration resistances, revealing that coagulation-flocculation effect of reactants has dominant role in the protein separation efficiency. The presence of lactose also affects the pollutant removal efficiency, it promotes fouling in presence of Fenton reagents.