Ocular Motility Testing in Children

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the main indications, background, and procedures when assessing eye movement function in the pediatric patient. The assessment of extraocular motility function includes version and ductions using the H pattern test in order to determine the presence of underaction or overactions of the extraocular muscles (EOM). EOM testing detects abnormalities in the structural and neurological integrity caused by an acquired or congenital disease of the central nervous system. Deficits in eye movement function can also contribute to poor academic performance which requires a developmental approach to the assessment of saccadic and pursuit eye movements to determine if a referral for optometric vision therapy is indicated. For the older child who is reading to learn, an assessment of reading eye movements using objective tests, such as the Visagraph and/or the ReadAlyzer, will guide the direction of the management plan.

The Implementation of the Reading to Learn Strategies in the Teaching of Short Stories Reading Compehension Achievement at SMPN 3 Medan

The aim of this endeavour is to find out: (1) Planning for learning about short stories using the Reading to Learn Approach); (2) Implementation of learning Short Stories using the Reading to Learn Approach. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that emphasizes the process and meaning of ongoing activities. Data were collected through observation, field notes, interviews, and document analysis. Data validity was carried out through method triangulation and source triangulation. The research findings indicated that the teacher had carried out good preparation in planning R2L-based learning, namely by preparing learning preparataions in lesson plans formats, teaching materials, worksheet, assessments and learning media, The teacher also informs the students beforehand that the teacher would implement a new learning model in which it is hoped that all students would fully participate in the class later. At the implementation stage of learning the teacher had followed the R2L learning steps by Rose and Martin (2012), namely Preparation, Detailed Reading, Joins Construction and Individual Construction.

Having Babies in Soil: Is Sex Really Necessary?

Finding a partner and having sex to produce babies is a common way to reproduce. Yet, upon closer look, we see that nature provides many ways for reproduction. What about a world without males? What first sounds impossible is the reality for many organisms that reproduce asexually, meaning without having sex. Females produce daughters that are clones of themselves, so no partner is required and males are dispensable. An Example of such all-female societies are several species of oribatid mites, which live in soils. These mites were already on earth long before the dinosaurs. Have oribatid mites always been asexual? Why do they reproduce without males? Does asexual reproduction have any advantages? Keep reading to learn about asexual reproduction and why oribatid mites are a key organism to investigate the question, “Why sex?”.

Reading to Learn? The Co-Development of Mathematics and Reading During Primary School

Understanding how early reading and mathematics co-develop is important from both theoretical and pedagogical standpoints. Previous research has provided mixed results, with some studies suggesting that mathematics is the leading indicator in this developmental process, whereas others have suggested that reading is. This paper investigates the development of reading and mathematics in a longitudinal sample of N = 355,883 students from the UK aged 5 to 12 (49% girls). The results suggest a positive relation between the development of the two domains. In addition, a statistically significant positive association between prior reading scores and subsequent changes in achievement in mathematics was found, whereas changes in reading were substantially smaller for students with a higher prior performance in mathematics.

ABORDAGEM DE GÊNERO DA ESCOLA DE SYDNEY E SEU USO NO CONTEXTO EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRO: UMA DISCUSSÃO TERMINOLÓGICO-CONCEITUAL SOBRE ESTÓRIAS E HISTÓRIAS

O cenário brasileiro de intensa produção teórica e de pesquisa com os gêneros escolares em livros didáticos e de aplicação em contextos de ensino é o ponto de partida para discutirmos como vêm sendo implementados, no âmbito do ensino no contexto escolar brasileiro, princípios teóricos e metodológicos, de base sistêmico-funcional, inicialmente propostos pela Escola de Sydney e atualmente em vigor com o programa Reading to Learn. Focalizamos também questões terminológicas daí advindas e suas implicações teórico- metodológicas quando inseridas em um novo contexto cultural e em um sistema de ensino com currículo que apresenta diferenças em relação àquele do país para o qual foi elaborado. Para exemplificar, discutimos a questão terminológico-conceitual acerca das famílias das “histórias” e das “estórias” no contexto brasileiro. Um levantamento de usos desses termos em dicionários, documentos oficiais sobre educação, livros didáticos, artigos acadêmicos, livros e textos opinativos nos possibilitou apontar três alternativas para o problema.

Missing in action and lost in thought: a grassroots implementation of genre pedagogy by practitioner researchers in an English language classroom for adults

This paper reports on the grass roots adoption of a methodology for teaching reading and writing based on genre theory (Martin and Rose, 2012; Rose and Martin, 2012) in English for general purposes classes at an English language teaching (ELT) centre at an Australian university. We report on teachers’ experiences on using genre pedagogy, informed and inspired by the Reading to Learn (R2L) program and genre pedagogy from the so-called ‘Sydney School’ (Martin & Rose, 2007; Martin & Rose, 2008; Rose & Martin, 2012). We report on how we introduced elements of the R2L program into our lessons using a ‘bottom up’ approach with the view that individual teachers might find this useful for implementation of this methodology in their own contexts. We found that genre pedagogy can be adopted by teachers and implemented at the classroom level despite such challenges as teachers learning new classroom practices and reconciling differences with previous classroom practices.

Students’ perceptions of a scientific writing course: SFL Genre Pedagogy in an EFL context

Genre approaches to teaching have long been applied to improve students’ skills, and their effect has usually been assessed by looking into students’ productions. In this work, we examine students’ perceptions of the implementation of a genre-based writing course that incorporated tasks developed by the Reading to Learn Pedagogy (R2LP) (Rose & Martin, 2008) for the teaching of Scientific Research Articles (SRA) in an EFL context. A scientific writing course in English was offered for 8 weeks on a weekly basis to researchers and Ph.D. students in Argentina. They were asked to answer surveys after every class and once the course finished. Surveys were analysed considering ATTITUDE of the System of Appraisal (Martin & White, 2005), polarity and the entities evaluated. Joint writing and Detailed reading were entities frequently evaluated positively, mainly in terms of usefulness. Negatively appraised entities include contents and exercises, which were perceived as “difficult”. Our evidence suggests that the teaching of SRA writing to researchers through the R2LP in an EFL context is effective. More precisely, teacher-guided activities which were jointly carried out with students were found to be the most useful, making them suitable for a highly specialised audience like the one that participated in this study.

From Curriculum Demands to Genre Pedagogy: Bilingual Adaptation of Reading to Learn for an L2 Lesson Planning

Reading to Learn (R2L) is a literacy methodology and teacher development program inspired by Systemic Functional Linguistics. Recently, it has been adapted for second/foreign language courses with bilingual teaching (KARTIKA-NINGSIH; ROSE, 2021; RAMÍREZ, 2020; KARTIKA-NINGSIH, 2016). Although R2L has successfully expanded worldwide, its impact on textbooks, school programs, and educators has also been uneven. To describe how these conceptual inconsistencies play out, this article contrasts a textbook methodology partially informed by genre theory when applied in an L2 English class in Colombia with a recent bilingual adaptation of R2L in an L2 Spanish class in the United States. This latter case is based on genre theory and R2L pedagogy (ROSE, 2018a) and bilingualism approaches (RAMÍREZ, 2020; LESSOW-HURLEY, 2005; LABERGE; SAMUELS, 1974). Findings reveal a prominent pedagogical gap between the reading and the writing sections of the partially informed genre-based methodology but a robust linguistic scaffold in the bilingual R2L experience. The resulting recount exemplifies detailed and annotated lesson planning for teachers interested in thoroughly applying the latter methodology, especially for L2 settings. Preceded by some similar interventions, this experience confirms that the integration of both native and foreign languages within the R2L methodology makes it a promising approach.