Relationship of Muna Language, Ciacia, Tukang Besi and Culambacu (Lexicostatistic and Glotochronology Study)

This article is motivated by the results of the 2019 SIL research that the languages ​​in Southeast Sulawesi Province vary in category. Some are strong and some are threatened. Among the languages ​​that are categorized as threatened are the Muna language, the Ciacia language, while the Tukang Besi language is included in the strong language group. However, there are still several languages ​​that have not been listed in the SIl research, namely the Culamabacu language. This article discusses the kinship between the Muna language, Ciacia language, the Tukang Besi language and the Culambacu language. This paper uses the theory of comparative historical linguistics with lexicostatistical and glotochronological methods. The results of the analysis of the four languages ​​are that the percentage of Muna and Ciacia language kinship is 49%, Muna language kinship with Tukang Besi 43%, Muna language with Culambacu language 36%, Ciacia language with Tukang Besi 43%, Ciacia language with Culambacu language is 37%, the Tukang Besi language is with Culambacu language 33%. Based on the glottochronology, the Ciacia language and Muna language have a separate year of 1912-1532, the Ciacia language and the Tukang Besi language have a separate year of 2279-183, the Ciacia language and Culambacu language have the years 2587-2211, the Muna language and the Tukang Besi language have a 2371-2335 year, Muna language with Culambacu language has the years 2658-2272, the Tukang Besi language with Culambacu language has a separate year 2885-2465.

The Struggle of Belitung Malay Women and Pragmatic Stilistics in Novel Titled Dwilogy Moon Light (Dwilogi Padang Bulan)" By Andrea Hirata

The aim of this study is to describe the reality of fiction, the author's social and global ideas, the shape of the fight of Malay Belitung women, and to examine the novel Dwilogy Moon Light (Dwilogi Padang Bulan) by Hirata's use of pragmatic stylistics. Genetic structuralist theory, liberal feminism, and pragmatic stilistics were all utilised in this work. The genetic structuralism hypothesis is used to assess the truth of fiction, its social context, and the author's point of view. Liberal feminist theory is used to evaluate the forms and elements that contribute to the struggle for Malay Belitung women, while pragmatic stilistics is used to analyze innovative diction, language style, and speech acts. The descriptive qualitative method of analysis is used in this study, along with a heuristic and hermeneutic reading approach. The technique is then applied, with the goal of carefully and thoroughly listening to the contents of the story and then recording complete data in accordance with the formulation of research problems. The findings of this study reveal that (1) fiction is true in terms of themes, characters, and occurrences, grooves, backgrounds, and point of view. Social reality is manifested in the following ways: social processes, social change, social issues, and social structures. The author's world view takes the shape of a relationship between the novel's social setting and the social context of real life, as well as the author's cultural social background and literary work. (2) The Malay Belitung women's struggle takes the shape of a conflict in the fields of honor, economy, and education, and this is the driving force behind the struggle of Malay Belitung women. In novel, gender injustice manifests as marginalization, subjugation, stereotyping, violence, and workload, whereas gender equality manifests as access, participation, and control. (3) Pragmatic Stilistics takes the form of the use of concrete language styles such as special, greeting, connotative, and foreign. Based on the structure of the sentence, including climax, anticlimax, antithesis, and recurrence. Based on the simplest kind of meaning: Litotes, Policyendon, Hiperbola, Metaphor, Allegory, Personification, and Irony. Employing illocutorial speech acts such as aggressive, commanding, expressive, commissioning, and declaring.

Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes on Wardah Advertisement Version “I Face of Indonesia”

This article is an attempt to focus on Interior by Maeterlinck in the light of Absurd tradition. Maeterlinck employed symbols to illuminate nature, spirituality, existence, and the innumerable and invisible forces that shape our existence. Maeterlinck uses symbolism to explore the theme of death that is omnipotent in everyday life. The Interior 's central theme is death. Maeterlinck generates suspense by juxtaposing the characters' uneasiness in the garden with the family's peace and ignorance within the house. In order to reach this aim, the researchers decide to explain the theatre of the Absurd and its elements. Maeterlinck distrust of language is shown in his distrust of words, using repetitions, silences, pauses and some other tactics. The existential theme and contents used in selected play are discussed. Themes such as: death, lack of individuality and lack of communication in mentioned play is discussed. Moreover, this article also contains a comparative study of the structure of the two.

The Implementation of the Reading to Learn Strategies in the Teaching of Short Stories Reading Compehension Achievement at SMPN 3 Medan

The aim of this endeavour is to find out: (1) Planning for learning about short stories using the Reading to Learn Approach); (2) Implementation of learning Short Stories using the Reading to Learn Approach. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that emphasizes the process and meaning of ongoing activities. Data were collected through observation, field notes, interviews, and document analysis. Data validity was carried out through method triangulation and source triangulation. The research findings indicated that the teacher had carried out good preparation in planning R2L-based learning, namely by preparing learning preparataions in lesson plans formats, teaching materials, worksheet, assessments and learning media, The teacher also informs the students beforehand that the teacher would implement a new learning model in which it is hoped that all students would fully participate in the class later. At the implementation stage of learning the teacher had followed the R2L learning steps by Rose and Martin (2012), namely Preparation, Detailed Reading, Joins Construction and Individual Construction.

Study of Feminism and Women's Existence in the Novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Women are so close to idioms such as adversity, oppression, even to the "concept" that is already accepted by most people, that they are "objects" not "subjects" for men. Gender inequality is manifested in various forms of injustice that occur at various levels of society. This study aims to analyze the personality of the female characters, the gender injustice experienced by the female characters, and the value of character education contained in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This study uses a qualitative descriptive technique. The object of this research is the meaning of the existence of women in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, a review of feminist literary criticism. The data in the research are in the form of dialogues, paragraphs, and narrations contained in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, the data shows that the author describes several female characters who experience gender bias treatment, namely Nyai Ontosoroh, Annelies, Maiko, Min Hwa, and Sie-sie. The novel Bumi Manusia tends to use socialist feminism. Gender injustice experienced by female characters is the marginalization of women, subordination of women, stereotypes of women, violence against women, and double workload against women.

Whole Language Approach Implementation as a Child Language Learning Model Development

This research was conducted to implement a holistic language approach (whole language approach) as a development model for students' language learning at SDN (Public School) 2 Sigli. This study uses a classroom action research method by providing action in each cycle starting from planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This research was conducted at the Sigli 2 Public Elementary School. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 students consisting of 6 boys and 4 girls. The results of observations were processed through data analysis techniques with descriptive statistics, namely finding the percentage and average value of the improvement in Indonesian language skills obtained through observation, interviews and discussions, and document review. The results showed that the implementation of the whole language approach which includes immertion, demonstration, expectation, responsibility, employment, approximation, and feedback can improve students' reading ability. Based on the results of observations in the pre-cycle, the percentage of pre-cycle reading ability was still 30.25%. In the first cycle, after the action was carried out for 7 meetings, the percentage increased to 85.50%. Based on these data shows an increase in the percentage of reading ability from the results of pre-cycle observations by 55.25%. The implication of this research is that the whole language approach is expected to be used as the development of a language learning model at SDN 2 Sigli, because it is natural and fun and is the same age as the stages of student development.

Local Language Maintenance Based on the Story of the Mekongga People in Kolaka District Southeast Sulawesi Province

The socio-cultural condition of the Mekongga community in Kolaka Regency is known to have a lot of oral literature, one of which is folklore. The phenomenon of local language intimidation makes the Mekongga community in Kolaka Regency use the Mekongga folklore as the basis for maintaining their regional languages. Scientific studies on the phenomenon of folklore-based local language defense are still rarely carried out, especially the Mekongga folklore. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the maintenance of regional language based on the Mekongga folklore in Kolaka Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with informant determination techniques using purposive sampling technique. Methods of data collection in this study using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data collected was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive technique. The results of this study indicate that regional language maintenance based on the Mekongga folklore in Kolaka Regency is carried out in several aspects, namely: 1) Regional language preservation through the family environment by presenting the Mekongga folk tales as bedtime stories or telling them as spare time. 2) the preservation of regional languages through the association of children, namely folklore is used as an empty time filler when playing or used to tell each other when gathering before starting a game. 3) the preservation of regional languages through the educational environment, namely becoming a wealth of local wisdom as local content in schools. The publication of folklore in local content is intended to attract students' interest in learning local languages.

Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes on Wardah Advertisement Version “I Face of Indonesia”

This study aims to represent the meaning of the advertisement using Barthes' semiotic sign map and to describe the meaning contained in the wardah advertisement version of "I am the face of Indonesia". This study uses qualitative methods to describe the object of research in accordance with what was observed and captured from the data obtained. In addition, the purpose of this method is to assist the research process by providing a more accurate picture. The results of this study indicate that the version of Wardah advertisement "I am the face of Indonesia is an advertisement that has motivation and solutions to the problems faced by many women in Indonesia, namely certain insecure (lack of confidence) in its delivery to Indonesian women who are potential consumers of the wardah version" I face Indonesia ”. This advertisement has two interrelated and complementary meanings, namely denotation meaning and connotative meaning. In advertisements, there are choices of signs to represent a phenomenon that is raised until it is interpreted by the public and up to the formation of discourse on the advertisement.

Turn-Taking Strategies Analysis in Conversation between President Jokowi and Boy William in Nebeng Boy Youtube Channel

The aims of this study were to identify the types and the most dominant of turn-taking strategies used by President Jokowi and Boy William in Nebeng Boy youtube channel. The researchers used theory by Stenstrom as cited in Yanti (2017). This theory describes three types namely Taking the turn (starting up, take over, interrupting), Holding the turn (filled pause, silent pause, meta-comments), Yielding the turn (prompting, appealing, giving up. This type of research was qualitative method, the researchers used an approach qualitative descriptive to describe the turn-taking strategies that included in conversation between Mr. Jokowi and Boy William in Nebeng Boy YouTube Channel, since the data the researcher did not use numeric or statistic form in the data analysis. The result of this research showed that there are 28 data with the different percentage such as; Hesitant Start (4%), Clean Start (4%), Uptakes (4%), Link (4%), Alert (4%), Meta-Comments (-), Filled Pause (10%), Silent Pause (17%), Repetition (39%), Prompting (4%), Appealing (6%), Giving up (4%). It can be concluded, that the most dominant is Repetition that occurs 11 times from 28 data.

An Analysis of Interpersonal Meaning of Modal Verbs in Abstracts from Scientific Papers: Case Study of Progress in Aerospace Sciences

The aims of this study are to explore the distribution features of modal verbs in abstracts from scientific papers, analyze the reasons for those features and figure out the role modal verbs play in achieving interpersonal meaning. The study has selected 60 abstracts randomly from Progress in Aerospace Sciences from 2015 to 2019 as research samples. It combines Halliday’s value of modality with Biber et al.’s two classifications to process modal verbs. The instruments adopted in this research are AntConc 3.2.4, manual sorting and SPSS Statistics 21. Based on the results, the study finds that: firstly, the overall occurrence of modal verbs in 60 abstracts is 59 times, among which low-value modal verbs are the most frequently distributed (74.6%), median-value modal verbs the second (22.0%) and high-value modal verbs the least (3.4%); secondly, the achievement of interpersonal meaning relies on value of modality, and when the value of modality is lower, a better degree of interpersonal meaning can be achieved; thirdly, high-value modal verbs achieve tough interpersonal meaning, median-value modal verbs achieve comfortable interpersonal meaning, and low-value modal verbs achieve harmonious interpersonal meaning.