Innovative Spinner Design Aids in Flow Characterization and Production Optimization of a Multistage Frac Well

An operator working in Indian western land reservoirs, planned to develop a low-permeability, high potential reservoir with hydraulic fracturing. In the pilot project, production behavior of the initial wells was below expectation. As a diagnostic procedure few of the wells were attempted with memory coiled tubing-assisted production logging to record production log data and identify the root cause behind poor performance. Apart from the horizontal trajectory, major challenges associated with this approach included the low flow rate (150-200bbl) and expectation of frac fluid inside the wellbore due to inadequate cleaning. As a result, all the attempts for effective diagnosis were inconclusive. Moreover, absence of critical input such as individual stage frac evaluation demanded attention in order to optimize completion quality (CQ) and conclude effective fracturing and completion strategy prior to full field development planning. Addressing the challenges and with an aim to provide the critical inputs required for reservoir characterization and production optimization, a multi-spinner production logging tool with new innovative spinner design and multi-electrical and optical sensors were proposed on cased-hole tractor in order to resolve the complex flow profiles associated with the low flow rates and horizontal well trajectory. The newly configured spinners with innovative spinner design material lowered the spinner threshold from 2ft/min to 1ft/min for multipass logging in lab tests. It also optimized the magnetic field distribution to ensure less accretion of debris on the spinner (causing spinners to clog) without compromising measurement accuracy. With well production being 200 bbl at the time of logging, the multi-spinner survey with innovative spinner design clearly resolved the dynamic changes across the borehole during multi bean data acquisition. Overcoming the major interpretation challenge of isolating the dynamic changes in the wellbore due to borehole trajectory and due to fracturing stage, individual stage frac flow contributions were evaluated. Stage frac productivity correlated very well with the frac operation parameters, reservoir quality and completion quality. Apart from individual contributions, key findings such as activation of few frac stages at high drawdown pressures, increasing gas contribution from toe to heel and resolving presence of leftover frac fluid in the well, exceeded the expectations set by the client in terms of the objectives vs. results. This success clearly demonstrated that knowledge of downhole dynamics for horizontal trajectory is vital. This is not limited only to address the individual well requirement, but an integrated approach would help to optimize future wells through better understanding of reservoir productivity vs frac operation and completion quality (CQ).

Decategorialization and Chinese nouns

This chapter explores the interaction between semantic change and morphosyntactic decategorialization in the light of the development of classifiers and measure words in Chinese. The vast majority of both classifiers and measure words ultimately derive from independent nouns. Börjars and Payne argue that the decategorialization which measure words have undergone is strikingly unusual in that they have lost the full modificational properties of independent nouns without any accompanying semantic reduction: a measure word maintains its nominal meaning. On the other hand, classifiers lose both the independent semantics and morphosyntax of independent nouns, but because their development proceeds by analogy with that of measure words, they reacquire the same very limited potential for modification. Modelling these diachronic developments from an LFG perspective, they show that, while each individual stage has its own motivation, the end result is an interesting decoupling of the semantic and syntactic aspects of change.

Measuring characteristics of individuals: An updated systematic review of instruments’ psychometric properties

Background: Identification of psychometrically strong implementation measures could (1) advance researchers’ understanding of how individual characteristics impact implementation processes and outcomes, and (2) promote the success of real-world implementation efforts. The current study advances the work that our team published in 2015 by providing an updated and enhanced systematic review that identifies and evaluates the psychometric properties of implementation measures that assess individual characteristics. Methods: A full description of our systematic review methodology, which included three phases, is described in a previously published protocol paper. Phase I focused on data collection and involved search string generation, title and abstract screening, full-text review, construct assignment, and measure forward searches. During Phase II, we completed data extraction (i.e., coding psychometric information). Phase III involved data analysis, where two trained specialists independently rated each measurement tool using our psychometric rating criteria. Results: Our team identified 124 measures of individual characteristics used in mental or behavioral health research, and 123 of those measures were deemed suitable for rating using Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale. We identified measures of knowledge and beliefs about the intervention ( n = 76), self-efficacy ( n = 24), individual stage of change ( n = 2), individual identification with organization ( n = 7), and other personal attributes ( n = 15). While psychometric information was unavailable and/or unreported for many measures, information about internal consistency and norms were the most commonly identified psychometric data across all individual characteristics’ constructs. Ratings for all psychometric properties predominantly ranged from “poor” to “good.” Conclusion: The majority of research that develops, uses, or examines implementation measures that evaluate individual characteristics does not include the psychometric properties of those measures. The development and use of psychometric reporting standards could advance the use of valid and reliable tools within implementation research and practice, thereby enhancing the successful implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practice in community care. Plain Language Summary: Measurement is the foundation for advancing practice in health care and other industries. In the field of implementation science, the state of measurement is only recently being targeted as an area for improvement, given that high-quality measures need to be identified and utilized in implementation work to avoid developing another research to practice gap. For the current study, we utilized the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to identify measures related to individual characteristics’ constructs, such as knowledge and beliefs about the intervention, self-efficacy, individual identification with the organization, individual stage of change, and other personal attributes. Our review showed that many measures exist for certain constructs (e.g., measures related to assessing providers’ attitudes and perceptions about evidence-based practice interventions), while others have very few (e.g., an individual’s stage of change). Also, we rated measures for their psychometric strength utilizing an anchored rating system and found that most measures assessing individual characteristics are in need of more research to establish their evidence of quality. It was also clear from our results that frequency of use/citations does not equate to high quality, psychometric strength. Ultimately, the state of the literature has demonstrated that assessing individual characteristics of implementation stakeholders is an area of strong interest in implementation work. It will be important for future research to focus on clearly delineating the psychometric properties of existing measures for saturated constructs, while for the others the emphasis should be on developing new, high-quality measures and make these available to stakeholders.

PROFESSIONAL STAGE ART AS AN EXPRESSION OF NATIONAL, SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA

The section is devoted to the activities of professional theater artists of the diaspora in the second half of the 20th beginning of the 21st centuries. Diaspora artists aimed to preserve and increase their professional experience. Being far away from the homeland, they tried to live in the spiritual, cultural and national traditions of their people, involving participation of the young generation born outside the country. One of the most important tasks is to teach the Ukrainian literary language by means of the performing arts, to acquaint with the best examples of the spiritual and cultural heritage of Ukrainians, in particular in the field of speech, drama, music, and so on. The works of T. Shevchenko, I. Franko and Lesia Ukrainka are in the forefront of the repertoire of theaters (studios, circles). From the standpoint of ideological principles related to the consolidation of Ukrainians abroad, it should be considered as a program goal of creative activity. Poetry and prose of different genres with the collective and individual stage embodiment took on the varied forms of «poetic theater», «theatrical spectacle», «literary concert», «literary program», and «mono-theater». In addition, some reader performances (in diaspora periodicals – recitation) are part of «memory evenings», «anniversary evenings», «festive academies», etc. The genre of «melodeclamation» is also widespread among the diaspora environment.

Reverse Electrodialysis: Co- and Counterflow Optimization of Multistage Configurations for Maximum Energy Efficiency

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the techniques able to harvest energy from the salinity gradient between different salt solutions. There is a tradeoff between efficiency and generated power in a RED stack. This paper focuses on efficiency. A simple model is presented to calculate the efficiency in a co-flow or counterflow operated stack. Moreover, the efficiency can be improved by applying multistaging; the stacks in such a system can also be interconnected externally in co- and counterflow. The four combinations of internally and externally flow modes are the base of further considerations concerning procedures for optimization of these configurations. Three methods for optimization the energy efficiency in a multistage system are discussed: (A) successively maximizing the power of each individual stage, (B) maximizing the power of the whole system by adjusting the electrical current in all stages simultaneously, and (C) maximizing the power of the whole system by adjusting the same current through each stage. Method C is the most attractive because it only requires one converter (cheaper and easier to control) while the results are hardly inferior to B and much better than A. An alternative to multistaging is electrode segmentation and the advantages and disadvantages of both systems are briefly discussed.

RAK ACCESSORIES FUNNY

<p>Student creativity program in this entrepreneurship class, we run a business program of making cute accessory shelves from used cardboard. This used cardboard is very easy to get at the nearest shops or buy and sell used goods and the price is also quite affordable. Besides being easy to get, used cardboard is also easy to make several forms of crafts, one of which is a shelf. The shelf that we are going to make is a small shelf model where this shelf is made in various shapes, which will make many people like these models. Here what we need in addition to tools and materials is that we need skills and strong creative power. So that the shelves that we will create can attract consumers to buy. In the community, there are many unique shelves that make consumers want to buy them, but the price is a little less affordable for consumers' wallets. Therefore we take advantage of this situation to make cute accessory racks in order to help consumers more comfortable arranging their accessories or makeup with hemp by using this cute accessory rack that we made. The form of our business is that it is still in an individual stage and indeed this business is still new and is still trying to enter the business world. But we already have our own business brand, namely "RASEL" which means Cute Accessories Rack. In the future, if this business can get extraordinary profits and have enough customers, then we will increase this business to be even bigger.</p>

MAKING OF BOHEMIAN SKY DECORATION (FRINGE BOHEMIAN)

<p>For the student creativity program in this entrepreneurship class, we run a business program for hanging ornaments made of rope. We give this business the name of Making a Bohemian Ceiling Decoration (Fringe Bohemian). This Bohemian Ceiling Decoration is a craft made from rope. The rope used can be various as desired, such as rope, wool rope, plastic rope, etc. But we are here using the basic material of wool rope. This handicraft business aims to increase creativity and be innovative in entrepreneurship, especially for young entrepreneurs. The hanging decoration business from this rope is easy in the manufacturing process but it takes time and requires patience in making it and the materials needed to make this decoration easy to get. The form of our business is still in an individual stage only. We do not yet have official permission from the government, because this business is still new and is still trying to enter the business world. In the future, if this business can get extraordinary profits and have enough customers, then we will increase this business to be even bigger. Many factors need to be considered in order to advance this Bohemian Ceiling Decoration business. Important factors that must be considered in order to advance this business include choosing the right location, a good marketing strategy and determining affordable prices in the community. If all the factors above can be planned properly, it will be able to make this business grow well. For this reason, it is necessary to make a business plan as a reference in accelerating the business of making Bohemian Ceiling Decorations (Bohemian Fringe).</p>