The method of alkaline loading and its application in the clinic of internal diseases

The works of recent years have clearly shown the importance that the alkaline-acid balance has in the physiology and pathology of the animal organism. The desire to maintain this balance at a certain height occurs by coordinating the work of a number of organs: the lungs, secreting C02, the liver, taking part in the production of ammonia, the gastrointestinal tract, secerning acid and alkaline secretions and, finally, the kidneys, giving urine with a high acid content and someone's slit, then with less-take part in the regulation of alkalineacid balance. That is why, naturally, the study of the functions of various organs aimed at regulating and maintaining the alkaline-acid balance attracted the attention of clinicians. Rehn and Gnzburg, then Pannewitz, Popescu, Inotesti. Su11a, and finally Rosenberg and Hellfors, studying fluctuations in the concentration of hydrogen ions in urine after loading with alkalis and acids, sought to gain an idea of kidney function aimed at maintaining the gap.- acids. balance, and at the same time apply this method to the study of the functional state of the kidneys in general. However, it turned out to be insufficient to talk about this condition on the basis of determining the Ph of urine. The Ph fluctuations are not always sufficiently prominent, as the review of the data obtained by the authors shows, because the concentration of hydrogen ions is a value depending on the ratio of acid to alkali (voltage 002 and bicarbonate content). This forced us to put forward another method for determining changes in the functions of tissues and kidneys for the introduction of alkali: Mainzer et al., A. G e f t e r emphasized the importance of the determination of bicarbonates in urine and suggested using the method of their determination by gasometric method (according to van Slyke'y), while giving this definition a much greater value than the study of Ph fluctuations alone.

Impact of Temporal pH Fluctuations on the Coexistence of Nasal Bacteria in an in silico Community

To manipulate nasal microbiota for respiratory health, we need to better understand how this microbial community is assembled and maintained. Previous work has demonstrated that the pH in the nasal passage experiences temporal fluctuations. Yet, the impact of such pH fluctuations on nasal microbiota is not fully understood. Here, we examine how temporal fluctuations in pH might affect the coexistence of nasal bacteria in in silico communities. We take advantage of the cultivability of nasal bacteria to experimentally assess their responses to pH and the presence of other species. Based on experimentally observed responses, we formulate a mathematical model to numerically investigate the impact of temporal pH fluctuations on species coexistence. We assemble in silico nasal communities using up to 20 strains that resemble the isolates that we have experimentally characterized. We then subject these in silico communities to pH fluctuations and assess how the community composition and coexistence is impacted. Using this model, we then simulate pH fluctuations—varying in amplitude or frequency—to identify conditions that best support species coexistence. We find that the composition of nasal communities is generally robust against pH fluctuations within the expected range of amplitudes and frequencies. Our results also show that cooperative communities and communities with lower niche overlap have significantly lower composition deviations when exposed to temporal pH fluctuations. Overall, our data suggest that nasal microbiota could be robust against environmental fluctuations.

A ratiometric fluorescent probe monitoring pH fluctuations during autophagy in living cells

We presented a ratiometric fluorescent probe for pH featuring superb photostability and chemostability. The down-regulation of the inracellular pH during autophagy in living cells induced by various stimuli, including several...

Amphiphilic fluorescent probe self-encored in plasma to detect pH fluctuations in cancer cell membranes

Newly developed an amphiphilic “turn-on” fluorescent probe (P1CS) enables to distinguish of cancer cells from normal cells through mapping of pH fluctuations in cell-surface.

pH fluctuations drive waves of stereotypical cellular reorganizations during entry into quiescence

The life cycle of microorganisms is associated with dynamic metabolic transitions and complex cellular responses. In yeast, how metabolic signals control the progressive establishment of structural reorganizations observed in quiescent cells remains unclear. To address this question, we have developed a method that combines nutrient-limited proliferation assays at the population level with single-cell tracking to unravel the coordination between metabolic and structural transitions in cells during an unperturbed lifecycle. We show that non-monotonous internal pH fluctuations are in sync with successive waves of protein super-assemblies formation and ultimately lead to a cytosolic glass transition. Our results, therefore, suggest a simple model explaining how the complex developmental changes during the yeast life cycle are orchestrated by the sequence of metabolic transitions.