Análise da epidemia pelo COVID-19 a partir do Modelo dos Múltiplos Fluxos de Kingdon

Objetivo: analisar o fluxo de problemas, soluções e políticas no enfrentamento a epidemia pelo COVID-19 no Ceará, com base no Modelo de Múltiplos Fluxos de Kingdon. Método: estudo misto com dados provenientes dos indicadores, de 55 documentos oficiais de saúde e de 108 matérias jornalísticas veiculadas na mídia digital, de fevereiro a abril de 2020. Resultados: a análise do fluxo problemas aponta uma expansiva interiorização dos casos confirmados da doença, com perspectiva de elevação do número de internações e óbitos; o fluxo de soluções sinaliza que a adoção de medidas preventivas e protetivas contra a doença foram ampliadas concomitantemente à progressão da doença no estado, e por fim, o fluxo de políticas evidenciou que o Ceará tem direcionado suas ações de forma positiva, alinhando parcerias e alavancado estratégias para minimização dos problemas provocados pela COVID-19. Conclusão: os fluxos que perfazem as tomadas de decisão no enfrentamento a pandemia do COVID-19 no Ceará mostram-se complexos e amplos, estando em sua maioria alinhados com posicionamentos de países que obtiveram êxito nesse enfrentamento. Urge a necessidade de estabelecer parcerias efetivas entre atores, serviços e setores instigados.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; Pandemias; Estudos de Avaliação.ANALYSIS OF PANDEMIC BY COVID-19 FROM THE MODEL OF THE MULTIPLE FLOWS OF KINGDON Objective: to analyze the flow of problems, solutions and policies in facing the epidemic by COVID-19 in Ceará, based on Kingdon's Multiple Streams Model. Method: mixed study with data from the indicators, 55 official health documents and 108 journalistic articles published in digital media, from February to April 2020. Results: the analysis of the problem flow points to an expansive interiorization of confirmed cases of the disease, with the prospect of increasing the number of hospitalizations and deaths; the flow of solutions signals that the adoption of preventive and protective measures against the disease was expanded concomitantly with the progression of the disease in the state, and finally, the flow of policies showed that Ceará has directed its actions in a positive way, aligning partnerships and leveraging strategies to minimize the problems caused by COVID-19. Conclusion: the flows that make up the decision-making in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Ceará are complex and broad, being mostly aligned with the positions of countries that have been successful in this confrontation. There is an urgent need to establish effective partnerships between actors, services and instigated sectors.Descriptors: Coronavirus infections; Pandemics; Evaluation Studies.ANÁLISIS DE LA EPIDEMIA POR COVID-19 UN SOCIO EN EL MODELO DE FLUJOS MÚLTIPLES DE KINGDON Objetivo: analizar el flujo de problemas, soluciones y políticas para enfrentar la epidemia por COVID-19 en Ceará, basado en el Modelo de Corrientes Múltiples de Kingdon. Método: estudio mixto con datos de los indicadores, 55 documentos oficiales de salud y 108 artículos periodísticos publicados en medios digitales, de febrero a abril de 2020. Resultados: el análisis del flujo del problema apunta a una internalización expansiva de casos confirmados de la enfermedad, con la perspectiva de aumentar el número de hospitalizaciones y muertes; El flujo de soluciones indica que la adopción de medidas preventivas y protectoras contra la enfermedad se expandió concomitantemente con la progresión de la enfermedad en el estado, y finalmente, el flujo de políticas mostró que Ceará ha dirigido sus acciones de manera positiva, alineando alianzas y apalancamiento estrategias para minimizar los problemas causados por COVID-19. Conclusión: los flujos que conforman la toma de decisiones para hacer frente a la pandemia COVID-19 en Ceará son complejos y amplios, en su mayoría alineados con las posiciones de los países que han tenido éxito en esta confrontación. Existe una necesidad urgente de establecer asociaciones efectivas entre actores, servicios y sectores instigados.Descriptores: Infecciones por coronavirus; Pandemias; Estudios de evaluación.

Policy agenda-setting studies: an overview of Brazilian research

This article aims to present a brief reflection on the studies in the field of the public policy agenda. To this end, the text presents the main theoretical and methodological developments on the subject found in the international literature, with an emphasis on three fundamental contributions: the studies developed by Cobb and Elder in the 1970s; John Kingdon’s multiple streams model in the 1980s; and Baumgartner and Jones’ propositions from the 1990s until the present. Next, we seek to understand how policy agenda-setting studies have been developed in Brazil. To do so, we conduct a mapping of the Brazilian academic production, considering theses, dissertations, and articles published in journals between 2000 and 2018. In conclusion, we note the growing expansion of agenda studies in Brazil, and we draw attention to some of the characteristics of these works, such as the preferred policy areas and the theoretical and methodological frameworks favored by researchers, among other aspects.

Estudos sobre formação da agenda de políticas públicas: um panorama das pesquisas no Brasil

This article aims to present a brief reflection on the studies in the field of the public policy agenda. To this end, the text presents the main theoretical and methodological developments on the subject found in the international literature, with an emphasis on three fundamental contributions: the studies developed by Cobb and Elder in the 1970s; John Kingdon’s multiple streams model in the 1980s; and Baumgartner and Jones’ propositions from the 1990s until the present. Next, we seek to understand how policy agenda-setting studies have been developed in Brazil. To do so, we conduct a mapping of the Brazilian academic production, considering theses, dissertations, and articles published in journals between 2000 and 2018. In conclusion, we note the growing expansion of agenda studies in Brazil, and we draw attention to some of the characteristics of these works, such as the preferred policy areas and the theoretical and methodological frameworks favored by researchers, among other aspects.

Agenda-setting in public policies: the strategy for financial education in Brazil through the lens of the multiple streams model

Resumo Este artigo analisa a trajetória que levou ao estabelecimento da Estratégia Nacional de Educação Financeira (ENEF) no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo de caso sobre agenda e formulação no campo das políticas públicas e, ao se apoiar no modelo de múltiplos fluxos (MMF) de John Kingdon, identifica elementos teóricos em uma situação de caráter empírico, objetivando contribuir para o entendimento dos processos decisórios no âmbito estatal. Desde o início dos anos 2000, a inclusão financeira passou a ser vista por organismos internacionais e governos como uma frente de combate à pobreza, culminando com o lançamento, em 2010, dos Princípios para Inclusão Financeira Inovadora do Grupo dos 20 (G20). No entanto, a percepção de que a educação financeira da população é importante para a inclusão social começou a ser disseminada anos antes, pela Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE). A partir de 2003, esse órgão desenvolveu ativamente conteúdos e recomendações para a adoção de estratégias de educação financeira pelos países. No Brasil, o tema começou a ganhar corpo na agenda governamental em 2007 e tornou-se uma política pública de caráter permanente em dezembro de 2010. Calcado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, este estudo demonstra que a influência exercida pela OCDE não foi suficiente para despertar a atenção imediata do governo e aponta um conjunto mais complexo de fatores e atores que, orquestrados, propiciaram a convergência de fluxos que resultou na ascensão do tema à agenda de decisões.

Blowing the Whistle in the EU: A Policy Analysis of the Agenda-Setting of the Proposal for a Whistleblowers Protection Directive

Scandals concerning wrongdoings of multinational corporations and governments are inescapable in the news. “Blowing the whistle” on these is often constrained out of fear of retaliation, which is why in April 2018, a Directive to assure protection to whistleblowers was proposed. Tracing the origins of the process is complicated because there are several actors operating in a multilevel polity. Hence, Kingdon’s multiple-streams model is applied to legislative texts and several news outlets, and inferences are drawn to describe the facets of the rise of whistleblowers protection on the EU agenda. This paper finds that the Greens Parliamentary group became a policy initiator after being urged by Transparency International to act. The Greens justified the need to act with old arguments, which however acquired momentum only when the political climate soothed after the scandals of LuxLeaks and Panama Papers.

Blowing the Whistle in the EU: A Policy Analysis of the Agenda-Setting of the Proposal for a Whistleblowers Protection Directive

Scandals concerning wrongdoings of multinational corporations and governments are inescapable in the news. “Blowing the whistle” on these is often constrained out of fear of retaliation, which is why in April 2018, a Directive to assure protection to whistleblowers was proposed. Tracing the origins of the process is complicated because there are several actors operating in a multilevel polity. Hence, Kingdon’s multiple-streams model is applied to legislative texts and several news outlets, and inferences are drawn to describe the facets of the rise of whistleblowers protection on the EU agenda. This paper finds that the Greens Parliamentary group became a policy initiator after being urged by Transparency International to act. The Greens justified the need to act with old arguments, which however acquired momentum only when the political climate soothed after the scandals of LuxLeaks and Panama Papers.