Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia as a predictor of heart rate disorders in combination with gastroesophageal reflux disease in children

The aim: to improve the early diagnosis of arrhythmia in combination with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children, by studying the risk of connective tissue dysplasia on the occurrence of this pathology. Materials and methods. We examined 100 children aged 8 to 18 years, mean age 13.7±2.7 years, of which 32 children with arrhythmias without combined pathology were group I, 36 children with concomitant GERD - group II and 32 children with GERD without concomitant arrhythmias - group III. Patients underwent clinical and instrumental studies (electrocardiography, Holter daily ECG monitoring, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and pH-metry) and evaluation of phenotypic signs of NDST according to the criteria of T. Milkovskaya-Dimitrova and A. Karkasho. Results. A risk factor for the formation of combined pathology in children in the form of arrhythmia and GERD was identified, namely the next main phenotypic feature of NDST (undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia) – dysplastic tooth growth. Also, predictors of both an isolated variant of arrhythmia in children and arrhythmia in combination with GERD – high height and scoliotic posture were identified. In this case, the risk factor for an isolated variant of arrhythmia in children, according to the results of the study is asthenic constitution. The severity of NDST in the studied groups was determined. The analysis of the results revealed the absence of a statistically significant relationship between the severity of NDST and study groups, although it should be noted that in children of group III the first degree of NDST was not observed in general. Conclusions. It was found that asthenic constitution, dysplastic tooth growth, tall stature and scoliotic posture are statistically significant risk factors for the development of the studied pathologies. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups regarding the severity of NDST, but there was a complete lack of detection in children of group III (children with isolated GERD without concomitant arrhythmia) of the first degree of NDST

Anatomical and histological structure of the cavy’s teeth as a basis for diagnosis of dental diseases

The cavy’s dentition can be shortly described as diphyodont, heterodont, and hypselodont. Histologically, each tooth consists of enamel formed of 4 layers of cells, which together form an apical bud, dentin formed by odontoblasts, and dental cementum. The facies lingualis of incisors is covered with classical acellular cementum, whereas a few circular islands of cementum pearls occur on facies labialis. There are 3 types of cementum in cheek teeth: acellular cementum, cementum pearls, and cartilage-like cementum. Constant tooth growth is ensured by an open pulp cavity within the apex. Periodontal ligaments that are part of the desmodontium are responsible for anchoring teeth in the alveolus.

Dependence of Deciduous Tooth Eruption Terms and Tooth Growth Rate on the Weight-Height Index at Birth in Macrosomic Children over the First Year of Life

The aim of this research is to study the effect of body overweight at birth (fetal macrosomia) on the processes of tooth eruption and tooth growth during the first year of life in children in the Kharkiv City (Ukraine) population. One of the research tasks is to examine the features of deciduous teeth eruption in children who were born with macrosomia with different values of the weight-height index at birth. Materials and methods. The medical records of the children born between 1977 and 2013 have been analyzed. The database has been collected in one of the Kharkiv City clinic. The Main Group is comprised of the medical records of the children (separately for boys and girls) born with fetal macrosomia. All the medical records of the Main Group have been divided into subgroups taking into account the gender and the harmonious (well-balanced) development coefficient. The Comparison Group is comprised of the medical records of the children also born within the normal term range, but with weight and height that correspond to the gestation age (fetal normosomia). To determine the average time of the first tooth eruption, as well as the deciduous teeth growth rate for each of the groups under the study, we have used the hypothesis about a linear dependence between the number of erupted teeth and the age of the child. The statistical data processing and verification of the consistency of this hypothesis is performed using the multiple linear regression analysis with the STATISTICA 6.0 software package (Multiple Regression module). The number of delayed eruption and premature eruption cases observed is calculated along with the corresponding confidence intervals for the significance level, p, of less than 0.05, taking into account the binomial distribution of the random variable. The results of the study indicate a slowed growth rate of deciduous teeth in children born with macrosomia, as well as an increased number of cases (by a factor of 2 to 4 times) of deviations in the timing of teeth eruption compared to regional norms. The smallest growth rate of deciduous teeth and the smallest number of teeth at the age of one year are registered in macrosomic boys and macrosomic girls with a long body and a relatively reduced birth weight, as well as in macrosomic girls with intrauterine obesity. The macrosomic girls with intrauterine acceleration with obesity at the background have the largest average tooth growth rate and the largest percentage of premature eruption cases among all subgroups. Conclusions. The somatometric features of fetal macrosomia suggest the influence on the number of teeth that erupt by a certain age. The data on the deviation from the generally accepted terms of teeth eruption in children born with macrosomia, can be the basis for developing new and improving existing prevention programs aimed at preserving dental health.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN GIGI PADA ANAK DI KELURAHAN TALANG BETUTU PALEMBANG

Abstrak: Anak adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan terdapat dalam Undang-undang No.23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.Anak akan Mengalami proses Pertumbuhandanperkembangan. Salah satunya pertumbuhan gigi akan mengalami pertumbuhan gigi yang lengkap. Masa anak-anak akan mengalami proses interaksi dan mengenal lingkungan makanan.salahnya adalah anak akan senang konsumsi makanan manis. Hal ini bisa menyebab berbagai masalah pada anak seperti karies gigi. Karies merupakan penyakit jaringan gigi yang ditandai dengan kerusakan jaringan,dimulai dari permukaan gigi meluas kearah pulpa, maka kegiatan pengadian ini adalah untuk mengurangi karies gigi dengan melakukan pendapingan anak-anak supaya dapat menggosok gigi dengan benar, sehingga dapat menurunkan angka sakit gigi dan karang Gigi PadaAnak-Anak.Abstract: Child is someone who is not yet 18 years old, including children who are still in the womb contained in the Law No.23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. Children will experience the process of growth and development. One of them will experience complete tooth growth. Childhood will experience the process of interaction and getting to know the food environment. The mistake is that children will love the consumption of sweet foods. This can cause various problems in children such as dental caries. Caries is a disease of dental tissue that is characterized by tissue damage, starting from the surface of the teeth extending towards the pulp, so this activity is to reduce dental caries by catching children bribes can brush teeth properly, so as to reduce the number of toothache and tartar in children.

A Horizontal Mesiodens in a Child Buried at Hank’s Site (41RB109), a Prehistoric Plains Village Site in the Texas Panhandle

The mesiodens is the most common kindof supernumerary tooth; it is found in the midline ofthe maxilla. Horizontal orientation is the least common,accounting for about 6% of cases. During osteologicalanalysis of the skeleton of a 3 to 5 year old child recoveredfrom Hank’s site (41RB109) in the northern Texaspanhandle, an impacted horizontal, conical mesiodenswas identified. The skeleton dates to the Plains Villageperiod, ca. A.D. 1,200 to 1,500, when village-basedpeoples practiced a mixed hunter-gatherer/horticulturesubsistence. This mesiodens is located in the right maxilla,just lateral to the midline of the hard palate and parallel tothe intermaxillary suture. The root projects ventrally andprotrudes through the external alveolar bone between thecentral incisors. The crown is conical. Although sometimesfound in association with certain congenital disorders, themesiodens appears to be idiopathic in this case. Whilepossibly painful due to its proximity to the nasopalatinenerve, no sequela from the tooth growth and impactionare evident.

Incremental growth of therizinosaurian dental tissues: implications for dietary transitions in Theropoda

Previous investigations document functional and phylogenetic signals in the histology of dinosaur teeth. In particular, incremental lines in dentin have been used to determine tooth growth and replacement rates in several dinosaurian clades. However, to date, few studies have investigated the dental microstructure of theropods in the omnivory/herbivory spectrum. Here we examine dental histology of Therizinosauria, a clade of large-bodied theropods bearing significant morphological evidence for herbivory, by examining the teeth of the early-diverging therizinosaurian Falcarius utahensis, and an isolated tooth referred to Suzhousaurus megatherioides, a highly specialized large-bodied representative. Despite attaining some of the largest body masses among maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs, therizinosaurian teeth are diminutive, measuring no more than 0.90 cm in crown height (CH) and 0.38 cm in crown base length (CBL). Comparisons with other theropods and non-theropodan herbivorous dinosaurs reveals that when controlling for estimated body mass, crown volume in therizinosaurians plots most closely with dinosaurs of similar dietary strategy as opposed to phylogenetic heritage. Analysis of incremental growth lines in dentin, observed in thin sections of therizinosaurian teeth, demonstrates that tooth growth rates fall within the range of other archosaurs, conforming to hypothesized physiological limitations on the production of dental tissues. Despite dietary differences between therizinosaurians and hypercarnivorous theropods, the types of enamel crystallites present and their spatial distribution—i.e., the schmelzmuster of both taxa—is limited to parallel enamel crystallites, the simplest form of enamel and the plesiomorphic condition for Theropoda. This finding supports previous hypotheses that dental microstructure is strongly influenced by phylogeny, yet equally supports suggestions of reduced reliance on oral processing in omnivorous/herbivorous theropods rather than the microstructural specializations to diet exhibited by non-theropodan herbivorous dinosaurs. Finally, although our sample is limited, we document a significant reduction in the rate of enamel apposition contrasted with increased relative enamel thickness between early and later diverging therizinosaurians that coincides with anatomical evidence for increased specializations to herbivory in the clade.