THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR SELF-ACTUALIZATION AND SELF-TRANSCENDENCE IN JUVENILE DELINQUENTS

The main objective of the present study focused on the role of education in achieving the level of self-actualization and self-transcendence among inmates. The inmates were in the sensitive age of their life. They should be exposed to academic education rather than violence and the appropriate place for them is the school and not the prison. The present research was a quantitative study. The universe of the present study was the Industrial Schools, YOIS (Youthful Offenders Industrial School) in Karachi. Purposive sampling method has been applied because this form of sampling generally considers the respondents with common characteristics, untypical and deviant behavior that tries to figure out where such individuals can be found and then allows the researcher might decide to go to certain street or to a particular bar to study them. The respondents were 120 inmates, the entire population which was interviewed purposively. The data was collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS. The major findings showed the impact of education is helpful to improve the present status and act as a predictor in satisfying the needs assessment for self-actualization and self-transcendence to make these delinquents useful and potential being when they leave the industrial school.

Masculinity, Industrial Education and Fascism in Egypt

Starting from the premise that school is a ‘major site of masculinity formation’ (Connell, 1996), this article studies the construction of boyhood in the industrial schools of the Salesian mission in Egypt between 1900 and 1939. Analysis of the teaching tools and methods, and of the processes of conformity used in these schools run by Italian missionaries, reveals that they became forums for confrontation and negotiation between different models of masculinity. This article uses the case study of the Salesian schools to shed new light on the interconnections between missionary programmes, fascist imperialism and schooling strategies of the pupils and their families. Ultimately, it seeks to demonstrate how missionary schools contributed to the gendered construction of technical expertise and industrial education in Egypt.

Describing Pain in Mary Raftery's Documentary Play No Escape

Documentary theatre is a genre in which real sources and events are used and edited to become the form of dramatic texts and performances. The personal experiences narrated in No Escape (2010), a documentary play by Mary Raftery, have shocked many people, due to the play’s multiple graphic descriptions of child abuse which took place in industrial schools and orphanages in Ireland. This article analyses how pain is presented in No Escape, by contrasting the language used, in their respective lines in the play, by authorities, victims, and representatives of the institutions. Pain, as a physical and psychological sensation, is a subject that still needs to be examined further in discussing the history of Ireland, to provide scholars and society with an opportunity to reflect upon this subject – and, perhaps, achieve healing.

Employability Skills in Higher Education Sector in India

The youth of India constitutes 28 percent of the Country's population and never before have there been so many young people; never again is there likely to be such potential for economic and social progress. How we meet the needs and aspirations of young people will define the common future. India as a developing Country needs to invest heavily in young people's education and health and protect their rights. The formal system of skilled workforce creation by way of Industrial Training Institutes/ Industrial schools produces only 2 percent people. It is very meager when compared to the skilled workforce of 47 percent in China and 80 percent in Japan. Livelihood opportunities are affected by supply and demand mismatch. On the supply side, India is failing to create enough job opportunities; and on the demand side, professionals entering the job market are lacking in skill sets. This results to the rising unemployment rates along with low employability issues. Skilling is the key to unlock this mismatch between the existing educational scenario and the industrial requirement.

Civilizational Imperatives

This chapter refers to John Bates, who received directives from Manila to emphasize the benefits of new educational forms to Sultan Kiram in 1899. It details the assignment of select Americans to impart constant valuable information among the Tausūg in industrial and mechanical pursuits through the medium of schools. It also looks at Bates's studies on regional colonial histories during his time on Jolo, noting in his reports that the British in Malaya curbed piracy and slavery through the establishment of industrial schools. The chapter highlights the public schools in Mindanao-Sulu that operated in an ad hoc fashion between 1899 and 1903. It notes the character and resources of schools that varied greatly by community although they were technically run by the Department of Public Instruction in Manila, such as the small pandita schoolhouses in some areas.

Aftercare

Aftercare, the duties owed to young people after they leave formal care, has always been an inherent aspect of the child protection process in Scotland, perhaps more so indeed in the early days when the assumption was that child protection necessitated the permanent removal of the child from the parent’s care. Early aftercare obligations were primarily around assistance in finding employment for young people when they reached school-leaving age, though managers of reformatory and industrial schools also had obligations to supervise the young person who had left their care for three years or until their 21st birthday. Latterly, education and training grants were made available, as were other forms of financial assistance. Finally, the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 imposed on local authority the obligation of “continuing care” towards young people who had previously been “looked after” by the local authority, and on a range of public bodies to act as “corporate parents” to such care leavers.

The Statutory Framework before 1968

This chapter traces the evolving legislative framework of child protection processes, from the poor law and through the early regulation of reformatory and industrial schools, to the late 19th century statutes which for the first time focused on child protection. It examines in detail the aims of the Children Act 1908 through juvenile courts, its restructuring in 1932 and its consolidation by the Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Act 1937, before exploring the post-war shift from charitable to state activity, notably with the Children Act 1948 which made child protection a central aim of local authorities with the establishment of children’s committee and children’s officers. Also explored is the beginnings of the shift from insulating vulnerable children from their families to the involvement of their families in planning for the future. Early international conventions are described.