Cystic papillary adenoma of the seminal vesicle

Background Primary Seminal Vesicle (SV) tumours are a rare entity, with most SV masses representing invasion of the SV by malignancy originating in an adjacent organ, most often the prostate. Previously reported primary SV epithelial tumours have included adenocarcinoma and cystadenoma, with limited prior reports of inracystic papillary structures. Case presentation A 35-year-old male presented with azoospermia, intermittent macroscopic haematuria, and mild right iliac fossa and groin pain. A papillary appearing seminal vesicle mass was found on imaging and seminal vesicoscopy. The mass was robotically excised with diagnosis of benign cystic papillary adenoma made. Conclusion In this manuscript we describe a rare case of a benign cystic papillary adenoma of the seminal vesicle, a unique histological entity differentiated from cystadenoma of the Seminal Vesicle by its papillary component.

Haematuria without diagnosis? Think about the rare causes…

We describe a case of a 17-year-old man admitted in the emergency room with a 2-month history of intermittent macroscopic haematuria and left lumbar pain. Physical examination and vital signs were normal. Investigation indicated a recurrent non-glomerular haematuria. The Doppler ultrasound revealed a compression of the left renal vein with upstream dilatation which was subsequently confirmed by CT angiography. These findings are in keeping with a case of nutcracker syndrome (NutS). Although asymptomatic in most cases, it can be a rare cause of haematuria. The teenager was referred to paediatric nephrology and was treated conservatively with spontaneous resolution of macroscopic haematuria. With this case, we would like to highlight that in children or adolescents with haematuria without an apparent cause, a high level of suspicion and appropriate imaging are necessary for the diagnosis of NutS.

Sclerotherapy treatment of a large venous malformation invading the bladder wall related to Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

We report the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with recurrent macroscopic haematuria and known diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Imaging and cystoscopy identified an extensive venous malformation involving a large area of the bladder wall. Holmium laser therapy was ineffective at obtaining symptom control. Following a multidisciplinary team meeting, transvenous sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulphate was performed under image guidance. A reduction in venous density was observed on cystoscopy and the patient has had complete resolution of symptoms within 6 weeks and continued to be asymptomatic up to 24-month follow-up. We propose that transvenous sclerotherapy is considered first-line treatment in this clinical setting.

Large primary vaginal stone in a woman with multiple sclerosis

Vaginal stones are rare and therefore a delay in accurate diagnosis often occurs. We present a 54-year old woman with multiple sclerosis who was diagnosed with a primary vaginal stone. Initially, she presented with recurring urinary tract infections (UTI) and macroscopic haematuria to the urologist. A cystoscopy showed no abnormalities. Because of persistent bleeding, she was referred to the gynaecologist, and on gynaecological examination, a vaginal stone was revealed. Stone formation was likely to be the result of urinary pooling due to incontinence, which was caused by a neurogenic bladder. Other contributing factors were prolonged recumbency, threads of an intrauterine device and a UTI. The presence of a vesicovaginal fistula was excluded by testing with methylene blue. The stone was surgically removed and composed of 70% struvite and 30% apatite. The patient was treated for decubitus ulcerations of the vaginal wall with estriol (Synapause-E3). Follow-up was uneventful.

How useful are clinical details in blunt trauma referrals for computed tomography of the abdomen?

Background: The relevance of clinical data included in blunt trauma referrals for abdominal computed tomography (CT) is not known.Objectives: To analyse the clinical details provided on free-text request forms for abdominal CT following blunt trauma and assess their association with imaging evidence of intra-abdominal injury.Method: A single-institution, retrospective study of abdominal CT scans was performed for blunt trauma between 01 January and 31 March 2018. Computed tomography request forms were reviewed with their corresponding CT images. Clinical details provided and scan findings were captured systematically. The relationship between individual clinical features and CT evidence of abdominal injury was tested using one-way cross tabulation and Fisher’s exact test.Results: One hundred thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. A wide range of clinical details was communicated. Only clinical abdominal examination findings (p = 0.05), macroscopic haematuria (p 0.01), pelvic fracture or hip dislocation (p = 0.04) and positive focused assessment with sonography in trauma (p 0.01) demonstrated an associated trend with abdominal injury.Conclusion: Key abdominal examination and basic imaging findings remain essential clinical details for the appropriate evaluation of CT abdomen requests in the setting of blunt trauma. Methods to improve consistent communication of relevant clinical details are likely to be of value.

Idarucizumab for the treatment of dabigatran-related nephropathy

Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) is a clinical syndrome of acute kidney injury in patients taking vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants. It is associated with increased mortality and there is no specific treatment. We report the case of a 78-year-old man on dabigatran who developed macroscopic haematuria and acute kidney injury 2 weeks after mitral valve repair, reaching a peak creatinine of 415 µmol/L from a normal baseline, which was successfully treated with one course of idarucizumab. This case illustrates the efficacy of an anticoagulant reversal agent for the treatment of ARN.

Atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane disease presenting as macroscopic haematuria, loin pain and acute kidney injury after intensive exercise

We report a 35-year-old man who suffered from recurrent macroscopic haematuria after intensive exercise. One episode was associated with bilateral loin (flank) pain and severe acute kidney injury. His kidney biopsy revealed an atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease typified by bright linear GBM staining for monotypic immunoglobulin G but without a diffuse crescentic phenotype and no circulating anti-GBM antibody. Outcome was spontaneously favourable. The patient had no recurrence or urine abnormality without running. The original presentation emphasized that exercise could reveal an underlying glomerulopathy.