School Protests and the Making of the Post-Ottoman Mediterranean: Student Politicization as a Challenge to Italian Colonialism in Rhodes, 1915–1937

Student unrest under Italian rule in Rhodes reveals youth's contribution to the transformation of Mediterranean politics in the 20th century. A condition of possibility for this unrest was the precolonial infrastructure of Rhodes, where new schools emerged in the last decades of Ottoman rule. During the Italian military occupation (1912–23), schools reflected identifications such as Ottoman patriotism and Greek irredentism. Student activism expanded beyond school issues and intersected with Italy's uncertain attitude concerning Rhodes's future, the warfare ravaging the Eastern Mediterranean, and the unmaking of Ottoman authority. Italian governors considered youth politicization to be influenced by elder politicians and limited to communal factionalism. After a decade of reforms under Italian sovereignty following the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), unrest reappeared in the 1930s. Students sympathized with ideas like pro-fascist Zionism and anticolonial Greek nationalism. They addressed issues of loyalty and belonging linked to Italian rule's dilemmas of fascist assimilation and colonial separation. Contrary to the 1910s, the authorities repressed student unrest and admitted that youth politicization was autonomous from the influence of the elders, conflicting with the fascist colonial order. Discussing student activism during this imperial transformation goes beyond narratives centered on state policies or one exclusive confessional group, highlighting interconnections between communal affairs, colonial governance, and regional geopolitics.

Perils of Turkey’s Urban Wilderness in the 1970s and After

A graphic novel written by a noted scholar contributes to a recent opening in Turkish culture for revisiting the era of the country’s 1980 coup, previously a taboo subject. The book evokes a time of political violence and student unrest and idealism, before a turn to repression and neoliberal capitalism.

Concerts of Students of Moscow Conservatory “In Favor of Their Insufficient Comrades” as an Ethical, Aesthetic, and Socio-Cultural Phenomenon

В статье рассматриваются концерты учащихся Московской консерватории в пользу их малоимущих товарищей в широком социокультурном контексте. Освещаются вопросы благотворительной концертной деятельности в сфере образования в Российской империи, и в частности в Москве. Производится типология ученических концертов в Московской консерватории (закрытые и публичные, в рамках учебного процесса и вне его). Прослеживается история концертов «в пользу недостаточных товарищей» с 1879 по 1910 год, анализируются программы и состав участников, финансовые аспекты проведения концертов. Особого взгляда заслуживает период студенческих волнений 1905-1906 годов, ставший поворотным пунктом в летописи данных концертов в Московской консерватории. В заключении делается вывод о значимости концертов «в пользу недостаточных товарищей» как особого этического и эстетического социокультурного феномена, перспективы данного дискурса в теоретической и практической плоскости. The articLe examines the concerts of students of Moscow Conservatory in favor of their poor cLassmates in a broad socio-cuLturaL context. The articLe highLights the issues of charitabLe concert activities in the fieLd of education in the Russian Empire in generaL and in Moscow in particuLar. The typoLogy of student concerts at the Moscow Conservatory (cLosed and pubLic, within the framework of the educationaL process and outside of them) is produced. The author traces the history of concerts “in favor of insufficient comrades” from 1879 to 1910, anaLyzes the programs and the composition of participants, the financiaL aspects of conducting concerts. The period of the student unrest of 1905-1906 deserves a speciaL Look, which became a kind of turning point in the chronicLe of these concerts at Moscow Conservatory. The concLusion concLudes on the importance of concerts “in favor of insufficient comrades” as a speciaL ethicaL and aesthetic sociocuLturaL phenomenon, the prospects of this discourse in the theoreticaL and practicaL pLane.

The Scots College Rome under Italian Rectors: three student letters

Historians of the Scots College in Rome have pictured the period 1773–1798, when the Rectors were Italian secular priests, as a time of student unrest which provided very few priests for work in Scotland. This article, by examining some letters from students of the period to former companions, and evidence in the College Register, suggests a considerably revised picture. The students, although often hostile to their superiors and nostalgic for their ‘ancient happiness’ under Jesuit rule, and convinced that the appointment of a Scottish Rector would solve their problems, are seen to have included some committed young men with a ‘gude conceit of themselves’, concerned for others and for the welfare of their college, and destined to play a larger part than has been previously thought in the work of the Catholic Church in Scotland.

A Path Dependency Approach to Governance Practices at a Public University of the Western Cape, South Africa

This paper investigates the governance practices embedded within governance structures at the disposal of students at a public tertiary education institution, and student unrest as a mechanism to sway decision-making and reform policy at the case study institution of higher learning. In particular, the study is guided by a qualitative research paradigm using a structured interview tool to gather primary data using the University of the Western Cape (UWC) situated in Cape Town, South Africa, as a bounded case study, against the backdrop of the 2015-2016 #FeesMustFall (FMF) protests. It is suggested in this paper that student unrest is not the main reason, but rather a symptom of the broader inadequacies of the current participatory mechanisms available in university governance structures in general, and at the UWC. Employing a Path Dependency Theoretical (PDT) Approach. The article concludes by analyzing the findings of the empirical research, by identifying several themes and sub-themes.

Nature of Student Unrest in Secondary Schools in Kericho County Kenya

Student conflicts in secondary schools are one of the most common challenges faced in the 21st century in the modern world. Kenya has faced several incidents of student conflicts in Secondary schools mainly attributed to the cases of indiscipline and conflicts among students in the schools. In Kericho County, several incidences of student conflicts have been witnessed in the different schools, which have caused widespread material losses and other social impacts. The Specific objective was to examine the nature of Student Unrest in secondary schools in Kericho County. The study was underpinned by participative leadership theory and the functionalism theory. The study utilized the evaluation research design. The study was conducted in Kericho County. The study targetedthe following categories of respondents; students, teachers, school principals or head teachers, School boards of management, County director of education and Sub-county directors of education in Kericho county. Only 14% of the respondents agreed that there have been incidences of unrest in their schools within the last 3 years. However, this number is high considering the harm that the unrest causes. Manifestation of student unrest is usually through burning of dorms, fighting among students, boycotting classes, theft of school property, refusing punishment, bullying and striking against school administration. The causes of students include changes in government policies, poor administrative skills, congestion, inadequate and poor food quality, social media and political agitations.

Deconstructing Social Unrest as a Response to Redefine Strained Relationships between Students and University Authorities

University system in Nigeria has been characterised by persistent social unrest majorly traceable to strained relationships between students and university authorities. Observations, experiences and literature confirmed that student unrest in the universities had become a compulsory devil affecting the speedy actualisation of university goals and objectives. The need to dismantle the social space for relative peace and tranquillity thereof become expedient. The study aims to redefine students-university authority relationships as a tool to deconstruct social unrest in Nigeria universities. Human Relations Theory of Management (HRTM) was used to theorise the study. Transformative paradigm as a stance to emancipate the existing unrest situation was used to lens the study. Participatory Action Research (PAR) was adopted as a research design for the study. The sample size for this study consists of 10 participants, namely, three students' leaders; one past student leaders, three university management members, two lecturers and two security personnel selected using expert sampling techniques. The Focused Group Discussion (FGD) was used to collect data from the participants, and the data collected were analysed using Socio-thematic Analysis. The study revealed that inadequate funding was a significant challenge resulting in student unrest. In contrast, the provision of Students' Personnel Services coupled with modern maintenance culture, transparency and accountability were found to be the dimension of peaceful university operation devoid of social unrest and therefore becomes a tool to deconstruct the strained relationship between students and university authorities.

Black and White Together

Legislators, not differentiating between whites and blacks, blamed student unrest on communist influence. Students Against Racism (SAR) formed, called an unsuccessful strike, then rallied a crowd to confront trustees arriving for a board meeting, where Peltason declared Project 500 a success, announcing it would grow to seven hundred new enrollees. Late in the semester SDS members disrupted a speech by Henry and received loud jeers from his audience; violence in the C-U community spread to the campus, where a student was injured building a bomb in his frat house. That summer, Steve Schmidt was arrested, tried, and sentenced. He began his prison term.