Petojo Enclek Traditional Market Building: Application of Technology Systems as Substantiation of Improving the Quality of Life and Landscape Transformation in Batavia

Traditional markets are places and means of meeting sellers and buyers and are marked by direct buyer-seller transactions and usually there is a bargaining process. This research is a study of environmental changes and Petojo Enclek Market in the 20th - 21st Century. The purpose of this research is to see changes in Petojo Enclek Market based on archives, ancient maps, ancient photos, history, technology used in buildings, and market conditions in the past. recently. In this study using qualitative methods, the stages of this research include data collection, data processing, data analysis and data interpretation. The theory used in this study is the Core-Periphery by John Friedman and Weaver, where the Core-Periphery relationship can occur due to the expansion (development) of markets and other infrastructure. This research, it can be seen that there are significant changes in the Petojo Enclek Market building and its surroundings.

The toponymy of the villages in Ambon Island: A historical and archaeological study

Previously, several toponymy studies have already been conducted both in the Nusa (Island) Ambon as well as in the City of Ambon. However, previous studies have not used the historical-archaeological approach. The use of this approach could ease the researchers to reveal the cross-cultural meeting in a specific locus. Taking the Island of Ambon as a locus, the researchers aim to find the origin of village names and the cultural intersection in Leihitu and Leitimor Peninsula. There were three steps conducted to collect and analyse data using historical-archaeological approach. Firstly, the researchers identified and took a tabulation of the village names, mentioned by the Hikayat Tanah Hitu (The Epic of Hitu Land) and three ancient maps. Secondly, the researchers identified various archaeological remains located in the scattered villages. Finally, the researchers analysed the origin of village names by searching the word-meanings, finding the present locations, and describing the role of the contemporary cultures (Islamic and Colonial period) in the past. The researchers found 12 villages with 22 archaeological remains. All related communities have the archaeological remains which could explain the local dynamics, but there are merely ten villages which name meanings could be identified.

Aontia: un antico toponimo dalle Mappe Aragonesi

Aontia: an ancient toponym from the Aragon mapsThe Aragon geographical maps represent the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Naples. they date back to the second half of the fifteenth century, probably some of them or some copies were subsequently modified or updated. These ancient maps were rediscovered about thirty years ago in the State Archives of Naples and in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris, and they have been under study for some years. They are unfortunately still little used in the scientific field, although several contributions have demonstrated their validity as an investigation tool thanks to their undoubted information potential. In fact, thanks to the very high degree of characterization of these maps it is possible to advance hypotheses and considerations of a historical-archaeological nature of the territories they represent. It is often toponymic analysis that offers insights and guides the early stages of research: toponyms relating to natural and anthropic elements inform about landscapes rich of medieval and classical references. The case study proposed here relates to the toponym Aontia, located on the Aragon maps near the centers of the Basilicata of Cirigliano and Gorgoglione. It is a place currently unidentified and not attested in any medieval or modern source; its toponym may refer to some references relating to an epithet of the well-known Greek divinity Artemis and to the presence of a sanctuary dedicated to it or to an ancient settlement. Starting from the analysis of the toponym Aontia, a localization proposal will be carried out based on the etymological and historical study, on the topographic survey and on the remote sensing analysis.

Using Local Toponyms to Reconstruct the Historical River Networks in Hubei Province, China

As an important data source for historical geography research, toponyms reflect the human activities and natural landscapes within a certain area and time period. In this paper, a novel quantitative method of reconstructing historical river networks using toponyms with the characteristics of water and direction is proposed. It is suitable for the study area which possesses rich water resources. To reconstruct the historical shape of the river network, (1) water-related toponyms and direction-related toponyms are extracted as two datasets based on the key words in each village toponym; (2) the feasibility of the river network reconstruction based on these toponyms is validated via a quantitative analysis, according to the spatial distributions of toponyms and rivers; (3) the reconstructed historical shape of the river network can be obtained via qualitative knowledge and geometrical analysis; and (4) the reconstructed rivers are visualized to display their general historical trends and shapes. The results of this paper demonstrate the global correlation and local differences between the toponyms and the river network. The historical river dynamics are revealed and can be proven by ancient maps and local chronicles. The proposed method provides a novel way to reconstruct historical river network shapes using toponym datasets.

Paul’s Map and Territory: Rethinking the Work of the Apostle in Light of Ancient Cartography

Paul had a clear understanding of how his calling and his work mapped onto geography. In contexts where he felt that others were encroaching on his territory, as in Galatians and 2 Corinthians, Paul could be very angry and defensive. Likewise, when Paul was writing to people in territories that he did not consider part of his purview, such as in Romans, he was deferential and submissive. In all three cases—in Galatians and 2 Corinthians when Paul was being defensive about his territory, and in Romans when he was being deferential—Paul used a particular word, κλίµα, to designate geography—a word he never used in any other context. This article puts this observation in conversation with ancient mapping, which relied on “process descriptions” of space and place rather than “state descriptions.” That is, ancient cartography privileged the process of movement or travel, and in contrast to most modern mapping, ancient maps didn’t usually make use of any external system of reference. One particular map, the Peutinger Map, helps illustrate this phenomenon. Understanding how ancient maps organized space, we can begin to understand Paul’s notions of territory and the way they determined which places he felt compelled to visit. By knowing something about Paul’s maps and geographies, we can make sense of his language in Romans 15, where territory played a pivotal role in his self-understanding as an apostle and in his trajectory across the Roman world, “from Jerusalem and as far around as Illyricum,” but also onward to Spain and to the end of the world.

A Technique to Reconstruct Nizhniy Novgorod Land Survey Plan and Borders in 1784 Based on Special Geodetic Software

A present-day task of historical GIS is to geotag ancient maps within еру modern coordinate system. These maps are sure to have many inaccuracies. In this regard, there is a need to develop algorithms accounting for these inaccuracies and allowing one to position sources with the smallest deformations and drawbacks. This task is also relevant for Russian plans of the General Survey. Their peculiarity is that they have accurate geodetic characteristics of plots. The research subject is a set of Nizhny Novgorod plans of the late 18th сentury which were the basis for a technique used to reconstruct the city borders and land survey plans. The research methodology is based on the historicism principal, systematicity and objectivity. The authors emphasize the role of statistical methods and apply specifically historical (historical and typological as well as historical and genetic) methods, the geodetic method to process and equalize transit traverse, modeling and cartometry. The research novelty is determined by the algorithm of city borders and historical land survey plans reconstruction, technological solutions for studying the object by means of geodetic programs, new data on land management and cartographic materials based on land management results in the specific region of Russia. The main conclusions are the positioned borders of Nizhny Novgorod in the conditional coordinate system. It was found that transit traverses of plots studied had significant angle linear errors. For settlement plots they are 3°29' and 1/31 and for pasture plots they are 2°49' and 1/80. For Blagoveshchenskiy Monastery they are 0°37’and 1/139. A raster land survey plan of Nizhny Novgorod has been made. It can be further used for geotagging and creating historical GIS.

Habitats of the aboriginal population of the Kuznetsk district in the XVIII century according to cartographic sources

Based on the analysis of ancient maps with the involvement of a wide range of written sources, the article attempts to conduct a spatial reconstruction of the location of native Turkic peoples’ habitats in the Upper Ob region. The author traced the changes of information about the yasak volosts of the Kuznetsk district for 1710–1760s . The study of maps shows that during the 18th century information about the places of residence of the Turkic peoples became more and more fragmentary, and by the 1770s almost disappeared. Despite the fragmentation information, the presence of distortion in the names and inaccuracies in localization of objects, we have managed to identify the habitats of more than 50 ethnic groups on the modern topographic basis, and reproduce the boundaries of the yasak volosts of mid-century

Research on Geographical Positioning of Ancient Map

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The ancient map has a large span of history, diverse types and rich content. Therefore, comprehensive analysis and summarization of ancient maps and geographical location in different categories are conducive to obtaining more ideal geographical correction results. How to classify the ancient map classification suitable for geographical correction, and then carry out targeted geographic coordinate correction is the primary research content of this research. The geographic reference and geographic reference of the map are the main factors determining the geographical location of the map. Therefore, the division of the ancient map according to the presence or absence of georeferencing is a prerequisite for solving the difficulty of correcting the ancient map.</p><p>The geographic parameters of ancient maps mainly include map projection, geographic reference, map accuracy, scale and so on. In the study of ancient map geolocation, the first thing to be solved is the determination of ancient map projection and geo-reference. For maps with different mathematical foundations (projection and geo-reference), different positioning methods are used for geo-correction. Only by determining the mathematical basis, projection and geographic reference of the ancient maps that need to be located, can the corresponding projection conversion method or geographic correction method be used for map positioning. However, the mathematical basis of ancient maps is not clearly marked on the map, and even if it is marked, it is often not very accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to study the acquisition methods of mathematical parameters of ancient maps.</p><p>For different ancient canal maps, different methods are needed to determine the basis of their geolocation:</p><p>(1) Latitude and longitude</p><p>The latitude and longitude survey of the ancient canal map is based on the modern Western measurement method, through projection conversion, and the latitude and longitude map on the map. The latitude and longitude measurement map has a clear geographic reference and projection.</p><p>(2) Similar to modern latitude and longitude</p><p>This type of map does not indicate the age of production, cartographers and geo-references, or incorrectly label cartographers, geo-references or geographic benchmarks, but according to the presence or absence of latitude and longitude and latitude and longitude, the map's performance techniques, drawing characteristics, related content, etc. In addition to the reference frame of the latitude and longitude network, some maps also have geo-references for the grid, which can be used to determine whether such maps are modern latitude and longitude georeferences. There is a gap between the accuracy of such maps and the measured maps.</p><p>(3) Grid in the square</p><p>Grid in the square is an important traditional Chinese method for mapping maps. It uses a grid coordinate system of square squares. It is an auxiliary line for drawing maps on an ancient scale. The length of each square is the number of real points. Quite a scale of today's maps. The map drawn by the method of “counting in the painting” is more accurate than the predecessors and is reliable. According to this method, the map has been used for more than 500 years (from the drawing time of the trace map). According to records, this method began with the principle of "drawing six bodies" proposed by China's Jin Dynasty. The "six bodies" are the "scores", which is the current scale; the second is the "preview", which is used to determine the mutual orientation of the landforms and features; and the third is the "daoli" to determine the road between the two places. The distance is four; the fourth is "high"; the fifth is "Fang", that is, the fluctuation of the slope of the ground; the sixth is "straight", that is, the conversion of the height of the field and the distance on the map. This is a milestone in the history of maps in China. Because such maps are greatly improved in accuracy, the role in multidisciplinary fields is worth paying attention to. Moreover, such maps are often compiled with reference to a certain map, such as Huayi map, trace map, map of Yu, map of the Emperor, map of the emperor's work, and the preparation of the records of the history of the party, all based on the previous one. of. Therefore, when correcting, you can classify them into one category and consider them together.</p><p>(4) Landscape imagery</p><p>The image of the ancient canal of the landscape image painting adopts the expression of “the law of the landscape”, that is, all kinds of ground elements on both sides of the river are drawn toward the center line of the river. This type of map, because of the "reality" is very strong, the mountains and rivers are realistic and rich in color, so it has always been the mainstream painting method of the ancient rivers before the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are many types of maps, large quantities, rich map content, and extremely high historical value, but their compilation is very different from modern maps. First, the coordinate directions in ancient maps are “upper south and north”, and also “ "Upper north and lower south", mainly "upper south and north", which is different from the directional principle of the modern map "up north and south"; secondly, the use of visually intuitive painting to express features, and the use of less map symbols There is a certain proportional relationship between the positional relationship between the features, but it is quite different from the modern maps with strict mathematical foundations.</p>