Chinese Firms’ Move to the Forefront in Digital Technologies

In the past two decades, China has achieved impressive progress and built competence in digital technology–enabled products, processes, business models, and hyperscale e-infrastructure. Driven by the globally largest internet user scale and fast catching up of information technologies, China’s strategy has been transformed from survival to growth and is transforming to market leadership. Now China has built its competence not only in telecommunication, consumer electronics, and PCs but also in some complex technology products like supercomputer systems. China has also witnessed the rise of hyperscale internet giants and the establishment of super e-commerce and mobile payment systems. However, there are still some great challenges that need to be overcome in some “bottleneck” technologies like the semiconductor and software sectors. China is thus seeking ways to move beyond the “global factory” model and cultivate its own technology-intensive industries and innovation capabilities. In the future, it is critical to maintain an open strategy among fierce global competition.

Development and research of software and methods for constructing quantum algorithms for solving NP class problems

В современных науке и технике постоянно возникает необходимость в решении таких стратегически важных задач, как предсказание погоды и расчет климатических изменений, создание онкологических препаратов, обработка сигналов из Вселенной для поиска внеземных цивилизаций, обработка символьной информации, криптоанализ, опережающий расчет траекторий движущихся воздушных и космических объектов и другие задачи. Практическая реализация перечисленных задач на современных, даже суперкомпьютерных, системах требует недопустимо большого промежутка времени или вообще невозможна. Научная новизна данного направления выражается в разработке методики построения модульной моделирующей системы квантовых вычислений с открытой архитектурой, а также моделирующей системы выполнения квантовых алгоритмов. Целью работы является рассмотрение приемов моделирования квантовых вычислений и реализации алгоритмов решения задач NP класса. In modern science and technology, there is a constant need to solve such strategically important tasks as predicting the weather and calculating climatic changes, creating cancer drugs, processing signals from the Universe to search for extraterrestrial civilizations, processing symbolic information, cryptanalysis, and anticipatory calculation of the trajectories of moving air and space objects, etc. The practical implementation of the listed tasks on modern, even supercomputer systems requires an unacceptably long period of time or is impossible at all. The scientific novelty of this direction is expressed in the development of a methodology for constructing a modular modeling system of quantum computing with an open architecture, as well as a modeling system for executing quantum algorithms. The aim of the work is to consider techniques for modeling quantum computations and implementing algorithms for solving NP class problems.

Parametric Calculations of the Aerodynamics of a Descent Vehicle

We present the methodology and results of parametric aerodynamic studies of vehicles descending into the planet’s atmosphere. The proposed computational approach might serve as the basis for solving a number of problems such as predicting and optimizing the descent trajectory of the vehicle, the search for a rational aerodynamic layout of the vehicle, i.e., tasks requiring massive parametric calculations. The systematization of such calculations is the first step towards the creation of a specialized database that includes sets of input and output data (flight speed, angles of attack, drag and lift coefficients, aerodynamic pitching moment, etc.) and the corresponding three-dimensional fields of gas-dynamic quantities together with computational meshes of various granularity and parameters of the computational model. Additional information to each element of the database might be a set of variables, parameterizing the geometry of the vehicle, experimental data, etc. The probability of forming the information content of such a data-base using modern supercomputer systems is shown. The capabilities of the domestic supercomputer aerodynamic code NOISEtte are demonstrated in the field of multiparametric three-dimensional calculations of descent vehicles based on the numerical solution of the Navier --- Stokes equations on three-dimensional unstructured meshes

The Optimal Processor Cores' Number choice for the Parallel Cluster Multiple Labeling Technique on HighPerformance Computing Systems

The article is about the research of a optimum number of processor cores for launching the Parallel Cluster Multiple Labeling Technique on modern supercomputer systems installed in the JSCC RAS. This technique may be used in any field as a tool for differentiating large lattice clusters, because it is given input in a format independent of the application. At the JSCC RAS, this tool was used to study the problem of the spread of epidemics, for which an appropriate multiagent model was developed. In the course of imitation experiments, a variant of the Parallel Cluster Multiple Labeling Technique for percolation Hoshen-Kopelman clusters related to the tag linking mechanism, which can also be used in any area as a tool for differentiating large-size lattice clusters, was used to be improved on a multiprocessor system.

Modelling Traffic on Road Junctions on Parallel Computing Systems Using Cellular Automata Approach

<p class="0abstract">The paper deals with traffic flow modelling and simulation on supercomputer systems. The created mathematical model is based on cellular automata (CA) approach and allows to depict multilane traffic on various complex road configurations. The numerical algorithms for the model are designed for supercomputer calculations.</p>The main focus of this research is the validation of the created models and the comparison with results obtained by other researchers, as well as with experimental data. Several test problems were solved to carry out the comparison. The results obtained show that the model represents traffic flow characteristics efficiently and correctly and can be used for real-life traffic predictions.

The Optimal Processor Cores' Number choice for the Parallel Cluster Multiple Labeling Technique on High-Performance Computing Systems

The article is about the research of a optimum number of processor cores for launching the Parallel Cluster Multiple Labeling Technique on modern supercomputer systems installed in the JSCC RAS. This technique may be used in any field as a tool for differentiating large lattice clusters, because it is given input in a format independent of the application. At the JSCC RAS, this tool was used to study the problem of the spread of epidemics, for which an appropriate multiagent model was developed. In the course of imitation experiments, a variant of the Parallel Cluster Multiple Labeling Technique for percolation Hoshen-Kopelman clusters related to the tag linking mechanism, which can also be used in any area as a tool for differentiating large-size lattice clusters, was used to be improved on a multiprocessor system.

Target optimization of a supercomputer task flow

Настоящая статья является результатом исследования потока задач суперкомпьютеров "Ломоносов" и "Ломоносов-2". Предложен подход к оценке эффективности функционирования суперкомпьютерной системы, основанный на ее базовых характеристиках. Введена новая функция потери качества планирования суперкомпьютера. Подход позволяет сравнивать разные суперкомпьютерные системы исходя из целей использования, которые стоят перед системными администраторами вычислительных центров. Описан опыт применения целевой оптимизации процессов планирования, основанной на предложенном подходе, для суперкомпьютеров "Ломоносов" и "Ломоносов-2". This paper is a result of studying the task flows observed on the Lomonosov and Lomonosov-2 supercomputers. A new approach to evaluating the performance of a supercomputer system based on its basic performance characteristics is proposed. A supercomputer's scheduling efficiency function is introduced for Lomonosov, Lomonosov-2 and other systems. The approach allows the system administrators to compare various supercomputer systems based on their usage aims. This paper describes the Moscow State University experience of applying the proposed approach to the optimization of Lomonosov and Lomonosov-2 scheduling resources.