Seeking reputation or money? The influence of sociality mental modes on sense of agency in social contexts

Sociality mental modes (i.e., market mode primed by money cues and communal mode primed by eye gaze) refer to the ways people interact with others in distinct manners(individuals are inclined to share resources with others regardless of the personal costs and benefits in the communal mode but have a personal relationship with others based on cost-benefit ratios in the market mode), and they affect social interaction and even affect the subjective experience. The sense of agency (SoA) is a subjective experience of one’s degree of control over external events. But little is known about the influence of sociality mental modes on the SoA. Previous studies have shown that social exclusion reduces the SoA. Here, we examined whether sociality mental modes affect the sense of agency by intentional binding paradigm and 9-point Likert scale (experiment 1) in social contexts by priming social exclusion and social inclusion through a recall task (experiment 2). The results showed that in social exclusion conditions, the market mode group had a shorter estimate of time, and the communal mode group had a higher rating of agency than the control group. This study demonstrates that social inclusion context improves the explicit sense of agency. In the context of social exclusion and inclusion, the market mode enhances the implicit sense of agency, that is, pursuing money; the communal mode reduces the explicit sense of agency, that is, seeking reputation.

Non-Cooperative Game in Block Bidding Markets Considering Demand Response

With the reform of electricity markets, demand response (DR) plays an important role in providing flexibility to the markets. Block bidding market is a new market mode, which is based on the concept of “the same quality, the same price”. The mechanism has great effects in reducing start-stop related costs. In this paper, we propose a double-sided non-cooperative game model in block bidding markets with a DR program. The model combines the advantages of block bidding and the simplicity of hourly bidding. In the model, one side is the non-cooperative game of supply-side power firms, and we propose a novel supply function bidding model based on block duration and load capacity to maximize each firm’s profit. The other side is the demand-side different types of customers, and we propose a DR model that combines hourly-various prices with the block bidding mechanism to maximize each customer’s payoff. The overall market optimization problem is solved by a distributed iterative algorithm, which has great convergence performance. We verify the proposed model on real data, and the results show that the demand load curve becomes flattened with DR, and the total generation costs decrease while the social welfare is significantly improved.

Research on the Mode of China’s Power Spot Market

At present, the construction of China’s power spot market is advancing steadily. This paper studies the characteristics and functions of the spot market, analyses the market environment and requirements, studies the key elements and designs the market mode for the spot market under the new situation, and puts forward suggestions for some key problems in the actual operation. This paper can provide reference for promoting the top-level design and operation of China’s power spot market.

Exposure to money modulates neural responses to outcome evaluations involving social reward

Recent research suggests that exposure to monetary cues strengthens an individual’s motivation to pursue monetary rewards by inducing the ‘market mode’ (i.e. thinking and behaving in accordance with market principles). Here, we examined the effect of market mode on social reward processes by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants primed with monetary images or neutral images acted as advisors who selected one of two options for a putative advisee. Subsequently, all participants passively observed the advisee accepting or rejecting their advice and receiving a gain or loss outcome. After money priming, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) to the advisee’s gain/loss outcome was larger following incorrect as compared to correct advice irrespective of whether the advice had been accepted or rejected. A smaller P3 following incorrect advice showed only when the advice was rejected. After neutral priming, the FRN was larger for incorrect relative to correct advice only when the advice had been rejected. However, the P3 was larger for correct relative to incorrect advice irrespective of the advisee’s final choice. These findings suggest that the market mode facilitates early and automatic feedback processing but reduces later and controlled responding to outcomes that had been accepted.

Statistical correlation properties of the SHIBOR interbank lending market

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the statistical correlation properties of the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate (SHIBOR) interbank lending market. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply methods of correlation analysis, random matrix theory (RMT) and minimum spanning tree (MST) to investigate the correlation properties of Chinese interbank lending market and analyze how the SHIBOR panel banks behave in different market periods. Findings – First, the largest eigenvalue λ 1 is the index to describe the market mode of the whole market when all banks behavior collectively and λ 1/N is a good estimator of the average correlation <C> of the correlation matrix. Second, notably, the authors find the “market mode” is weakened in two crises periods of 2008 stock market crash and 2009 Global Financial Crisis. This is significantly different from other market where the “market mode” is normally strengthened in crises periods. Third, the authors subtract the contribution of λ 1, the second and third eigenvalue, λ 2 and λ 3, will fall outside of the predicted interval. And both λ 2 and λ 3 are getting times larger in the crises periods than in “Non-Crisis” period. Fourth, and in the MST analysis, the authors find again that the average distances of the MST are the times larger in crises periods than in “Non-Crisis” period and the second largest eigenvalue is a good estimator of the average distance of the MST. Originality/value – According to the best knowledge, this paper is the first work on the study of the statistical properties of an interbank lending market using quotation level data of panel banks, which allows us to analyze the properties of the interest rate formation and how all panel banks behavior in different periods. This work is also the first study on the SHIBOR market using econophysics methods of correlation analysis, RMT and MST.

The Marshlands Degradation and the Urban Spatial Transformation: A Case Study of “Town” and “Market” in Jingzhou City

The Marshland was one kind of the most important living environments for the ancient Chinese people, but is greatly eroded nowadays by the rapid urbanization. By studying in Jingzhou city, the Chinese city with a history of 2000 years, it was proved that the Chinese traditional Town –Market mode was effective in harmonizing the human and the marshlands and availed in balancing the urban economical and cultural functions. So a framework of essential action for urban planners is claimed to propose a rational way of urban spatial constructions adapted to the Chinese context.